A comparative study on the structure and photoactivity of titanium dioxide obtained from various synthetics for the degradation of organic dye

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were synthesized by the sol-gel method (SG) and sol-gel low-temperature method (SG-L), utilizing titanium isopropoxide as the precursor. Subsequently, the particles underwent heat treatment with sodium hydroxide 10M, resulting in samples denoted as SG-H and SG-L-H samples, respectively.