Áp dụng công nghệ khử lưu huỳnh bằng nước biển ở các nhà máy điện ở Việt Nam

Lri(?i t h i e u I<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ap dung cong nghe khu' lu'u huynh<br /> bling nu'dc bien a cac nha may cTien<br /> a Viet Nam<br /> NGUYEN THANH BI<br /> Tru'dng phdng Cdng nghe<br /> Ban QLDA DLDK Vdng Ang - Quang Traeh<br /> <br /> o phu tai dien tang len nhanh chdng trong<br /> <br /> <br /> D khoang 20 nam lai day, hang loat nha may dien<br /> da va dang du'dc xay di/ng, de eung cifp ngudn<br /> nang lu'dng thiet yeu che nen kinh te, trong dd<br /> cd cac nha may thiiy dien, dien khi nhu' Phii My, Ca Mau<br /> 1&2, Nhdn Traeh va dae biet la cac nha may nhiet dien ddt<br /> vi^«A^ H~ ..:2LSi.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> than nhu' Hai Phdng, Quang Ninh, Udng Bf, Pha Lai...<br /> Oe dap irng yeu cau bao ve mdi tru'dng, giam hieu irng<br /> mu'a axit, cac nha may nhiet dien bat budc phai ap dung<br /> mdt sd he thdng cdng nghe Ipc khdi thai. Trpng dd quan<br /> trpng nhift la he thdng Ipc bui tTnh dien, he thdng khiT lu'u<br /> huynh va he thdng khiT NOx.<br /> Tai Viet Nam, cdng nghe khiT lu'u huynh bang da vdi la<br /> cdng nghe Ipc SOx phd bien. Tuy nhien, tren the gidi gan<br /> day, bat dau ap dung phu'dng phap khiT lu'u huynh bang<br /> nu'dc bien va Nha may Nhiet dien Vung Ang 1, la nha may thu tru'dc khi thai ra bien.<br /> dien dau tien eiia Viet Nam iTng dung cdng nghe nay.<br /> HE THONG XLf LY KHOI THAI<br /> Cd CHE PHAN UfNG HOA HOC Khdi thai tiT Id hdi, di qua he thdng Ipc bui tTnh dien,<br /> Nu'dc bien cd thanh phiin ti/ nhien sedium mang tfnh quat hut du'dc dLTa qua thiet bj trae ddi nhiet khi-khi de lam<br /> kiem va du'dc sir dung lam chift hiip thu va trung hda sul- giam nhiet dp khdi thai tru'dc khi di vap thifp hifp thu.<br /> phur dioxide - SO2 treng khdi thai. Sau dd, SO2 bj hifp thu Tai thap hifp thu SO2 bj tach ra khdi khdi thai khi bj<br /> trong nu'dc bien bj oxy hda, bdi khdng khi thanh ion sul- nu'dc bien phun vae ddng khdi chay ngu'dc. Thap hap thu<br /> phate S042- tru'dc khi du'dc thai ra bien. du'dc thiet ke gidng gian phun su'dng de dam bao tiep xiic<br /> Phan irng hda hpc du'dc dien ra nhtT sau: tdt gitTa ddng khi Idng va tang kha nang hap thu SO2.<br /> SO2 (khi) -1- H2O => S032- + 2H-I- Khdi thai sau khi du'dc xd ly d thap hifp thu se quay lai<br /> Hifp thu (1) bd trap ddi nhiet khi-khi de tang nhiet dp, dam bae khdi cd<br /> S032- -I- V2O2 => S042- Oxi hda (2) nhiet dp cao, phat tan tdt.<br /> HCO3- + HH- => CO2 + H2O<br /> HE THONG xCr LY Nl/6C BIEN<br /> Trung hda (3)<br /> Nu'dc bien sir dung che he thdng khiT lu'u huynh, du'dc<br /> 6 phan iTng thir nhat (1), SO2 du'dc hifp thu bdi nu'dc<br /> liiy d dau ra binh ngUng, chia lam hai tuyen. Ddng thiT nhift<br /> bien thanh cac ien sulphite va hydro. Tang mat dp ciia cac<br /> ion hydrp cd nghTa la tang dp axit va lam giam dp pH.<br /> 6 phan iTng thir hai (2), cac ipn sulphite ket hdp vdi oxy Seawater<br /> thanh cac ion sulphate. 6 phan irng thir ba (3), cac ion<br /> bicarbonate HCO3- trong nu'dc bien phan iTng vdi cac ion<br /> hydro, sau dd trung hda hieu iTng acid ciia qua trinh oxy<br /> hda lu'u huynh, va phan iTng nay cung lam tang dp pH.<br /> <br /> QUY TRINH CONG NGHE<br /> Qua trinh khiT ILTU huynh bang nu'dc bien bae gdm hai<br /> he thdng. He thdng thir nhift la he thdng xd ly khdi thai,<br /> khdi se du'dc gia nhiet tru'dc khi thai qua dng khdi. He thdng<br /> thir hai la he thdng xd ly nu'dc bien, ndi trung hda chat hifp<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 40| KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE » (Ser<br /> (35% of alkalinity demand)<br /> khi hda trdn vdi lu'dng nu'dc bien eiia ddng "t To other absortKr<br /> thiT nhat. Qua trinh oxy hda du'dc trd giup Flue gas out of FGD<br /> <br /> bdi cac quat thdi, day nhanh qua trinh oxy<br /> hda CO2 thanh sulphate vd hai, hda tan Absorber<br /> spray tower FGD Water from condenser<br /> hean toan va lam tang lu'dng oxy hda tan Pumps<br /> tru'dc khi du'dc thai ra bien. Ngoai ra, be 2x100%<br /> <br /> oxy hda cdn cd tac dung lam giam nhiet<br /> dp ciia nu'dc bien sau khi di ra khdi thap Flue gas from boiler<br /> Water to ondation basin<br /> {120% of alkalinity demand)<br /> hiip thu. Flue gasftomESP<br /> (PM