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Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business phần 1

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  1. Table of Contents Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business............................................................................1 Preface................................................................................................................................................................12 Readership .............................................................................................................................................12 Organization ..........................................................................................................................................12 Overview...............................................................................................................................................13 Section I: Globalization of E−Business..........................................................................................................19 Chapters List..........................................................................................................................................19 Chapter 1: Issues in the Globalization of Electronic Commerce................................................................20 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................20 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................20 Background...........................................................................................................................................20 Key Issues.............................................................................................................................................21 Language........................................................................................................................................21 Culture............................................................................................................................................25 Laws and Regulations....................................................................................................................26 Payment and Currency...................................................................................................................27 Time−Date and Units of Measure..................................................................................................27 Logistics.........................................................................................................................................29 Other Business Issues.....................................................................................................................30 Technical Issues....................................................................................................................................31 Architectural Solutions.........................................................................................................................32 General Recommendations...................................................................................................................34 Future Trends........................................................................................................................................34 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................35 References.............................................................................................................................................35 Appendix...............................................................................................................................................37 Chapter 2: Electronic Architectures for Bridging the Global Digital Divide: A Comparative Assessment of E−Business Systems Designed to Reach the Global Poor ....................................................40 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................40 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................40 Background: Rapid Emergence of the Digital Divide..........................................................................41 Global Digital Divide: Patterns And Causes........................................................................................42 Approaches to Bridging the Digital Divide..........................................................................................43 Networks for Bridging the Digital Divide............................................................................................47 United Nations Trade Point Program.............................................................................................47 LINCOS: Little Intelligent Communities.......................................................................................47 Alcatel Telemedicine and E−Government Networks .....................................................................48 Johns Hopkins Global Access System...........................................................................................48 A Comparison of the Four Networks in Terms of Several Network Architecture Dimensions...........49 Scalability.......................................................................................................................................49 Robustness, Reliability and Predictability ......................................................................................51 Affordability and Adoptability.......................................................................................................51 Security ...........................................................................................................................................51 Quality of Services.........................................................................................................................52 Other Dimensions...........................................................................................................................52 Future Prospects for the Digitally Excluded Populations.....................................................................53 i
  2. Table of Contents Chapter 2: Electronic Architectures for Bridging the Global Digital Divide: A Comparative Assessment of E−Business Systems Designed to Reach the Global Poor Discussion, Conclusions and Implications...........................................................................................54 Technology Developers and Marketers ..........................................................................................54 National Governments and International Agencies ........................................................................54 References.............................................................................................................................................55 Section II: Intelligent Portal Architecture.....................................................................................................58 Chapters List..........................................................................................................................................58 Chapter 3: Intelligent Business Portals ..........................................................................................................59 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................59 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................59 Intelligent Portals..................................................................................................................................61 Intelligent Portals vs. Intelligent Agents........................................................................................62 Integrating Knowledge Management with Portals.........................................................................62 Intelligent Portal Deployment and Development...........................................................................62 System Architecture of Intelligent Portals............................................................................................64 Layers of Intelligent Portals...........................................................................................................64 Key Component: The Information Broker.....................................................................................64 Tools for Building Intelligent Portals...................................................................................................65 Intelligent Portals in Business ...............................................................................................................66 e−Marketing...................................................................................................................................66 e−Broker.........................................................................................................................................66 e−Business Management................................................................................................................67 Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................67 References.............................................................................................................................................67 Chapter 4: Expert Database Web Portal Architecture................................................................................69 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................69 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................69 Expert Database Web Portal Overview................................................................................................70 Related Work........................................................................................................................................71 Expert Database Constructor Architecture...........................................................................................73 Web Page Miner Architecture..............................................................................................................74 An Example: The Entertainment and Tourism Domain.......................................................................77 Additional Work...................................................................................................................................80 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................80 References.............................................................................................................................................80 Section III: Scalability and Performance......................................................................................................84 Chapters List..........................................................................................................................................84 Chapter 5: Scheduling and Latency Addressing the Bottleneck................................................................85 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................85 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................85 Scheduling............................................................................................................................................87 Conditional Task Scheduling.........................................................................................................87 The ATME System .........................................................................................................................89 Latency Minimization...........................................................................................................................91 ii
  3. Table of Contents Chapter 5: Scheduling and Latency Addressing the Bottleneck The Impact of Latency: An Example.............................................................................................92 RPC/RMI........................................................................................................................................93 Multi−Threaded RPC/RMI and Futures .........................................................................................93 Batched Futures and Responsibilities .............................................................................................93 The Ideal Latency...........................................................................................................................93 Ambassadors Concept....................................................................................................................93 Semantics of Ambassadors .............................................................................................................94 Implementation Status....................................................................................................................95 Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................97 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................98 References.............................................................................................................................................98 Chapter 6: Integration of Database and Internet Technologies for Scalable End−to−End E−commerce Systems....................................................................................................................................101 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................101 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................101 Overview of Content Delivery Architectures.....................................................................................104 Server Farms vs. Edge Services...................................................................................................104 Content Delivery Services............................................................................................................105 Publishing Protocol......................................................................................................................107 Cookie and Certificate Sharing Protocols....................................................................................108 Redirection Protocol.....................................................................................................................110 Log Maintenance Protocol...........................................................................................................113 Dynamic Content Handling Protocol...........................................................................................113 Impact of Dynamic Content on Content Delivery Architectures ........................................................114 Overview of Dynamic Content Delivery Architectures...............................................................115 Configuration I.............................................................................................................................116 Configuration II............................................................................................................................117 Configuration III..........................................................................................................................118 . Enabling Caching and Mirroring in Dynamic Content Delivery Architectures ...........................120 Impact of Dynamic Content on the Selection of the Mirror Server.............................................122 Related Work......................................................................................................................................123 Conclusions.........................................................................................................................................124 References...........................................................................................................................................124 Section IV: Web−Based Distributed Data Mining ......................................................................................126 Chapters List........................................................................................................................................126 Chapter 7: Internet Delivery of Distributed Data Mining Services: Architectures, Issues and Prospects.........................................................................................................................................................127 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................127 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................127 Related Work......................................................................................................................................130 Distributed Data Mining.....................................................................................................................130 Client−Server Model for Distributed Data Mining......................................................................132 Agent−Based Model for Distributed Data Mining.......................................................................133 Hybrid Model for Distributed Data Mining.................................................................................134 A Virtual Marketplace of Data Mining Services................................................................................136 Emerging Technologies and Standards........................................................................................136 iii
  4. Table of Contents Chapter 7: Internet Delivery of Distributed Data Mining Services: Architectures, Issues and Prospects Multiple Service Provider Model of Interaction for Data Mining ASPs.....................................137 Conclusions.........................................................................................................................................138 References...........................................................................................................................................139 Chapter 8: Data Mining for Web−Enabled Electronic Business Applications........................................141 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................141 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................141 What Is Data Mining?.........................................................................................................................141 Various Data Mining Tasks and Techniques...............................................................................142 Data Mining in Web−Enabled E−Business Domain..........................................................................143 Data Mining Opportunities ...........................................................................................................144 Difficulties in Applying Data Mining..........................................................................................145 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................147 References...........................................................................................................................................148 Section V: Web Search and Data Retrieval.................................................................................................151 Chapters List........................................................................................................................................151 Chapter 9: Intelligent Web Search Through Adaptive Learning From Relevance Feedback...............152 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................152 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................152 Background.........................................................................................................................................152 Web Search and Adaptive Learning...................................................................................................154 Overview......................................................................................................................................154 Dynamic Features and Dynamic Vector Space............................................................................154 The General Setting of Learning..................................................................................................155 Algorithm TW2............................................................................................................................155 Feature Learning Algorithm FEX (Feature EXtraction)..............................................................156 Document Ranking.......................................................................................................................156 Equivalence Query Simulation .....................................................................................................157 The Websail System and the Yarrow System.....................................................................................157 The Features System...........................................................................................................................159 Timing Statistics.................................................................................................................................160 The Commercial Applications............................................................................................................161 Future Work........................................................................................................................................162 Acknowledgment................................................................................................................................162 URL References..................................................................................................................................162 References...........................................................................................................................................163 Chapter 10: World Wide Web Search Engines..........................................................................................166 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................166 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................166 Requirements of Web Search Engines.........................................................................................166 Web Search Engine Technologies ................................................................................................167 Search Engine Structure ......................................................................................................................167 Crawler.........................................................................................................................................168 Indexing Software........................................................................................................................168 Search and Ranking Software......................................................................................................168 Hyperlink Exploration........................................................................................................................169 iv
  5. Table of Contents Chapter 10: World Wide Web Search Engines Information Retrieval (IR)..................................................................................................................170 Relevance Feedback.....................................................................................................................170 Data Clustering.............................................................................................................................171 Metasearches.......................................................................................................................................171 Sql Approaches...................................................................................................................................172 Content−Based Multimedia Searches.................................................................................................173 Others..................................................................................................................................................174 Major Search Engines.........................................................................................................................174 Summary.............................................................................................................................................176 Future Directions..........................................................................................................................176 References...........................................................................................................................................177 Chapter 11: Retrieval of Multimedia Data on the Web: An Architectural Framework........................181 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................181 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................181 Overview of the Architecture.......................................................................................................181 Review of Multimedia Content−Based Retrieval Models...........................................................182 Layer I: Data Servers..........................................................................................................................184 Keyword Search...........................................................................................................................184 A Model for Multimedia Semantic CBR.....................................................................................185 How a Query is Processed in this Layer......................................................................................186 . Summary......................................................................................................................................187 Layer II And III: Caching...................................................................................................................187 Layer II: The Proxy Server ...........................................................................................................187 Layer III: The Departmental Local Caches/Archives..................................................................188 Cache Consistency Problem and Time Scale...............................................................................189 Summary......................................................................................................................................189 Layer IV: The Agents.........................................................................................................................189 The Home Base............................................................................................................................190 The Mobile Agent Instances .........................................................................................................191 Discussion...........................................................................................................................................192 References...........................................................................................................................................193 Chapter 12: Navigation in E−Business Web Sites......................................................................................196 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................196 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................196 Content Organization..........................................................................................................................197 Online Store Models .....................................................................................................................197 Navigation in Large E−business Sites..........................................................................................200 Characteristics Influencing Navigation........................................................................................202 Checking Out ...............................................................................................................................204 . Trust and Usability.......................................................................................................................204 Design Issues for Checkouts........................................................................................................205 Conclusions.........................................................................................................................................206 References...........................................................................................................................................206 Section VI: Web Information Systems (WIS) Development: Design, Environment and Standards.....208 Chapters List........................................................................................................................................208 v
  6. Table of Contents Chapter 13: E−Business Transaction Management in Web−Integrated Network Environment..........209 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................209 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................209 Background.........................................................................................................................................211 E−business Transaction Processing Systems...............................................................................211 Operational Models for INE.........................................................................................................211 Mobile Agents..............................................................................................................................213 Suitable Model for E−Business INE............................................................................................213 INE: Requirements and Characteristics.......................................................................................214 Mobile Transactions: Their Features ............................................................................................214 New Logical Modes For E−Business Environment...........................................................................215 Subjunctive Mode .........................................................................................................................215 Abductive Mode...........................................................................................................................216 Requirements For E−Business Transactions......................................................................................216 Workflows, Agents and Concurrency.................................................................................................217 Concurrency and Serializability...................................................................................................218 Relaxing Serializability Criterion .................................................................................................218 Protocols Required..............................................................................................................................219 E−Shopping Cart Model..............................................................................................................219 . Future Trends......................................................................................................................................220 Software Tools....................................................................................................................................220 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................221 Acknowledgment................................................................................................................................221 References...........................................................................................................................................221 Chapter 14: System Development Methodologies for Web−Enabled E−Business: A Customization Framework.....................................................................................................................................................223 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................223 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................223 Research Objective and Methodology.........................................................................................224 Research Step 1: Examining the E−Business Environment...............................................................224 (1) More Rapid Time−to−Market................................................................................................224 (2) More Heterogeneous Technical Environment........................................................................224 (3) Changes in IT Strategy...........................................................................................................224 (4) Emphasis upon the Human−Computer Interface ....................................................................225 (5) Less Reliable Time and Cost Estimates ..................................................................................225 (6) Changes in Development Team Composition........................................................................225 Research Step 2: Examining System Development Methodologies...................................................225 Linear Models (Including System Development Life Cycle and Waterfall)...............................225 Iterative Models (Including Prototyping, Spiral, Rapid Application Development)...................226 Parallel Models (Including Alternative Path or Ad Agency Approaches)...................................227 Disruptive Models, Including Volcano Methodology ..................................................................228 Rapid−Response Models..............................................................................................................228 Research Step 3: Developing a Framework for E−Business Development Methodology.................229 Organizational Variables..............................................................................................................230 Project Variables..........................................................................................................................231 Team Variables .............................................................................................................................231 Analysis and Discussion.....................................................................................................................232 Future Trends and Considerations......................................................................................................233 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................233 vi
  7. Table of Contents Chapter 14: System Development Methodologies for Web−Enabled E−Business: A Customization Framework References...........................................................................................................................................234 Chapter 15: Characterising Web Systems: Merging Information and Functional Architectures .........236 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................236 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................236 Background: Web Architectural Modelling ........................................................................................238 Information Architecture..............................................................................................................241 Functional Architecture................................................................................................................241 Improving Architectural Models .........................................................................................................243 Improving Architectural Processes.....................................................................................................245 Future Trends and Conclusions..........................................................................................................245 References...........................................................................................................................................246 Chapter 16: Customisation of Internet Multimedia Information Systems Design Through User Modelling........................................................................................................................................................249 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................249 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................249 Background.........................................................................................................................................250 Internet Multimedia Information Systems..........................................................................................251 Content Information and Presentation ..........................................................................................251 Information Space Navigation and Accessibility.........................................................................252 User Interface and Support...........................................................................................................253 Development of a User Model............................................................................................................255 Cognitive Styles...........................................................................................................................255 Prior Knowledge ...........................................................................................................................256 Gender Differences .......................................................................................................................257 Engaging the User Model in System Design......................................................................................257 Inclusion of User Requirements...................................................................................................258 Personalised Multimedia Systems................................................................................................258 Conclusion and Future Directions......................................................................................................258 References...........................................................................................................................................259 Chapter 17: A Software Model, Architecture and Environment to Support Web−Based Applications....................................................................................................................................................262 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................262 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................262 Web−Based Applications...................................................................................................................263 Web Infrastructure and Web−based Applications.......................................................................263 Web Infrastructure and Web Application Servers.......................................................................266 Software Development Processes for Web−based Applications.................................................267 Existing Models for Web Application Development...................................................................267 A New Model and Architecture for Web−Based Applications..........................................................268 A Generic Web Application.........................................................................................................269 The Web−Based Application Conceptual Model........................................................................269 . The Basic Web−Based Application Architecture........................................................................270 The Extended Web−Based Application Architecture with Execution Segmentation..................270 Task Partitions: Supporting the Continual Evolution of Web−Based Applications....................271 Relationship to the Model−View−Controller Pattern..................................................................272 vii
  8. Table of Contents Chapter 17: A Software Model, Architecture and Environment to Support Web−Based Applications A Support Environment for Web−Based Applications......................................................................273 Implementation...................................................................................................................................274 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................274 References...........................................................................................................................................274 Chapter 18: XML − Digital Glue for the Modern World Electronic Business Standards Fuelling Intra− and Inter−Enterprise Interoperability for Global Collaboration.................................................276 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................276 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................276 Electronic Business is all about Collaboration...................................................................................277 Electronic business is more than just e−commerce!....................................................................277 Limiting Factors of Electronic Business......................................................................................278 The XML Standard Digital Glue for Inter Operability......................................................................279 XML Adds Meaning to the Data and is Easy to Learn................................................................280 XML as a Data Storage Format..........................................................................................................281 Document−Centric and Data−Centric Documents .......................................................................281 Why Traditional Databases are not Ideally Suited for XML.......................................................281 Mismatches Between XML and RDBMS Technology................................................................282 Co−Related XML Standards ...............................................................................................................283 DTD and XML Schema...............................................................................................................283 From CSS to XSL .........................................................................................................................283 XSL Stylesheets...........................................................................................................................284 XSLT −eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations..........................................................284 XSL−eXtensible Stylesheet Language.........................................................................................285 XPath − XML Path Language......................................................................................................285 XPointer.......................................................................................................................................285 . DOM Document Object Model...................................................................................................286 SAX Simple API For XML.........................................................................................................286 Xml−Based Standards for Electronic Data Interchange.....................................................................286 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................288 References...........................................................................................................................................289 Additional Information Sources...................................................................................................290 Section VII: E−Marketing and Virtual Marketplace.................................................................................291 Chapters List........................................................................................................................................291 Chapter 19: Designing Agent−Based Negotiation for E−Marketing........................................................292 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................292 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................292 What is Negotiation? ...........................................................................................................................294 Negotiation as a Transactional Paradigm.....................................................................................295 Object−Based Rules and Transactions...............................................................................................296 Planning, Reasoning and Negotiation.................................................................................................296 Design af an Agent Negotiation Protocol...........................................................................................298 Example........................................................................................................................................298 Specification to find the shortest path..........................................................................................299 Negotiation Termination Detection....................................................................................................300 Modeling E−Market ...........................................................................................................................302 . Features of Multi−Agent Negotiation Paradigm................................................................................303 viii
  9. Table of Contents Chapter 19: Designing Agent−Based Negotiation for E−Marketing Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................303 Acknowledgment................................................................................................................................303 References...........................................................................................................................................303 Chapter 20: Virtual Marketplace for Agent−Based Electronic Commerce.............................................305 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................305 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................305 General Marketplace Architecture......................................................................................................306 Financial Center...........................................................................................................................307 Control Center..............................................................................................................................307 Business Center............................................................................................................................308 Software Agents..................................................................................................................................309 Buyer Agent.................................................................................................................................310 Seller Agent..................................................................................................................................311 Proxy Agent .................................................................................................................................311 . Banking Agent .............................................................................................................................312 . Client Application and Airline Management......................................................................................312 Important Architectural Features........................................................................................................313 Negotiation Session......................................................................................................................313 Dynamic Pricing Mechanism.......................................................................................................315 Security, Trust, and Privacy.........................................................................................................315 Implementation Discussions...............................................................................................................316 Agent Identification ......................................................................................................................316 Conclusion and Future Work..............................................................................................................318 References...........................................................................................................................................319 Chapter 21: Integrated E−Marketing A Strategy−Driven Technical Analysis Framework.................321 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................321 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................321 Technical Analysis Methods for E−Marketers .............................................................................323 Log File Analysis.........................................................................................................................323 Web Servers add−ons...................................................................................................................324 Network wire−tap Data Gathering and Analysis.........................................................................325 From Analysis to Data Mining Techniques........................................................................................325 Identify Customer Expectations...................................................................................................326 Check Data Profile and Characteristics........................................................................................326 Prepare Data for Analysis .............................................................................................................326 Construction of Model.................................................................................................................326 . Evaluation of Model.....................................................................................................................327 Use and Monitor the Model.........................................................................................................327 . Data Mining Tools and Algorithms for E−Marketing........................................................................327 Scalability Issue ............................................................................................................................328 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................329 References...........................................................................................................................................329 Chapter 22: An Agent−Based Architecture for Product Selection and Evaluation Under E−Commerce..................................................................................................................................................332 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................332 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................332 ix
  10. Table of Contents Chapter 22: An Agent−Based Architecture for Product Selection and Evaluation Under E−Commerce Seller Differentiation....................................................................................................................333 Buyer Differentiation...................................................................................................................333 Differentiation Change.................................................................................................................333 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................334 Internet Models .............................................................................................................................334 Agent Frameworks.......................................................................................................................334 Trade Services Under Safer................................................................................................................335 Community Administration Center..............................................................................................335 Owner & Butler............................................................................................................................335 Agent Factory...............................................................................................................................336 Clearing House & Bank...............................................................................................................336 Trade Services..............................................................................................................................336 Architecture of Agent−Based Trade Services....................................................................................336 Trade Services..............................................................................................................................336 Expert Agent................................................................................................................................337 . Product Evaluation Methodology .................................................................................................338 Agent Learning.............................................................................................................................339 System Operation.........................................................................................................................340 Position of Trade Services ............................................................................................................340 Results and Discussions......................................................................................................................341 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................342 References...........................................................................................................................................343 Section VIII: Security Architecture.............................................................................................................345 Chapters List........................................................................................................................................345 Chapter 23: An Architecture for Authentication and Authorization of Mobile Agents in E−Commerce..................................................................................................................................................346 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................346 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................346 Background.........................................................................................................................................347 Design of Agent Authentication and Authorization...........................................................................349 Overview of the SAFER Architecture ..........................................................................................349 Agent Structure and Cryptographic Schemes..............................................................................350 Authentication Process.................................................................................................................350 Implementation...................................................................................................................................352 Generation of Keys .......................................................................................................................352 Signing of Agent..........................................................................................................................353 Authentication of Host by Agent.................................................................................................353 . Sending Signed Agent to Destination..........................................................................................354 Authentication of Agents Credentials..........................................................................................355 Discussions.........................................................................................................................................355 Advantages of Our Infrastructure.................................................................................................356 Limitations of Our Infrastructure.................................................................................................356 Conclusions and Future Work............................................................................................................357 References...........................................................................................................................................357 x
  11. Table of Contents Chapter 24: Security and Trust of Online Auction Systems in E−Commerce .........................................360 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................360 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................360 What are Auctions?......................................................................................................................360 Current Electronic Auctions Hosted on the World Wide Web....................................................361 Existing Problems .........................................................................................................................361 Online Auction System (OAS)...........................................................................................................362 OAS versus Physical Auction System ..........................................................................................362 Categories of Electronic Commerce and Various Forms of Auctions.........................................363 Mechanisms of Online Auctions..................................................................................................364 Security and Confidentiality...............................................................................................................365 Security Consideration.................................................................................................................365 Certification of Participants ..........................................................................................................367 Establishing Payment Systems.....................................................................................................368 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................369 Acknowledgment................................................................................................................................370 References...........................................................................................................................................370 Section IX: E−Business Applications...........................................................................................................372 Chapters List........................................................................................................................................372 Chapter 25: E−Commerce and Digital Libraries.......................................................................................373 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................373 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................373 Characteristics of Digital Libraries.....................................................................................................374 Issues Confronting Digital Libraries ...................................................................................................375 Content Management...................................................................................................................375 Issues Facing the Content Organization in Digital Format..........................................................375 Copyright and Intellectual Property.............................................................................................377 Intellectual Property Management...............................................................................................378 Cataloguing and Indexing............................................................................................................378 Access Control.............................................................................................................................379 E−Commerce in Libraries ...................................................................................................................380 Charging Models for Digital Libraries...............................................................................................381 Prepaid Subscription Model.........................................................................................................382 Pay Later Subscription Model......................................................................................................382 Pay Now or As You Use Model...................................................................................................382 XML Might Hold the Key..................................................................................................................383 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................384 References...........................................................................................................................................384 Chapter 26: Electronic Business Over Wireless Device: A Case Study....................................................386 Abstract...............................................................................................................................................386 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................386 Basic Concepts Of M−Business.........................................................................................................387 Technologies to Enable M−Business...........................................................................................387 Technical, Business and Legal Issues in M−Business and Their Ramifications.........................389 A Case Study......................................................................................................................................391 Main Components........................................................................................................................391 System Operation.........................................................................................................................392 xi
  12. Table of Contents Chapter 26: Electronic Business Over Wireless Device: A Case Study System Benefits............................................................................................................................393 Related Work......................................................................................................................................393 Voice Activated M−Business or E−Business ...............................................................................394 Related WAP Applications..........................................................................................................394 Summary and Conclusion...................................................................................................................395 Acknowledgment................................................................................................................................396 References...........................................................................................................................................396 List of Figures..................................................................................................................................................399 Chapter 1: Issues in the Globalization of Electronic Commerce........................................................399 Chapter 2: Electronic Architectures for Bridging the Global Digital Divide: A Comparative Assessment of E−Business Systems Designed to Reach the Global Poor.........................................399 Chapter 3: Intelligent Business Portals...............................................................................................399 Chapter 4: Expert Database Web Portal Architecture........................................................................399 Chapter 5: Scheduling and Latency Addressing the Bottleneck ........................................................400 Chapter 6: Integration of Database and Internet Technologies for Scalable End−to−End E−commerce Systems.........................................................................................................................400 Chapter 7: Internet Delivery of Distributed Data Mining Services: Architectures, Issues and Prospects.............................................................................................................................................401 Chapter 8: Data Mining for Web−Enabled Electronic Business Applications...................................401 Chapter 9: Intelligent Web Search Through Adaptive Learning From Relevance Feedback............401 Chapter 10: World Wide Web Search Engines ...................................................................................401 Chapter 11: Retrieval of Multimedia Data on the Web: An Architectural Framework ......................401 Chapter 14: System Development Methodologies for Web−Enabled E−Business: A Customization Framework..................................................................................................................401 Chapter 15: Characterising Web Systems: Merging Information and Functional Architectures.......402 Chapter 16: Customisation of Internet Multimedia Information Systems Design Through User Modelling............................................................................................................................................402 Chapter 17: A Software Model, Architecture and Environment to Support Web−Based Applications........................................................................................................................................402 Chapter 19: Designing Agent−Based Negotiation for E−Marketing ..................................................402 Chapter 20: Virtual Marketplace for Agent−Based Electronic Commerce........................................402 Chapter 21: Integrated E−Marketing A Strategy−Driven Technical Analysis Framework..............403 Chapter 22: An Agent−Based Architecture for Product Selection and Evaluation Under E−Commerce......................................................................................................................................403 Chapter 23: An Architecture for Authentication and Authorization of Mobile Agents in E−Commerce......................................................................................................................................403 Chapter 24: Security and Trust of Online Auction Systems in E−Commerce...................................403 Chapter 26: Electronic Business Over Wireless Device: A Case Study .............................................404 List of Tables...................................................................................................................................................405 Chapter 2: Electronic Architectures for Bridging the Global Digital Divide: A Comparative Assessment of E−Business Systems Designed to Reach the Global Poor.........................................405 Chapter 4: Expert Database Web Portal Architecture........................................................................405 Chapter 6: Integration of Database and Internet Technologies for Scalable End−to−End E−commerce Systems.........................................................................................................................405 Chapter 7: Internet Delivery of Distributed Data Mining Services: Architectures, Issues and Prospects.............................................................................................................................................405 Chapter 9: Intelligent Web Search Through Adaptive Learning From Relevance Feedback............405 xii
  13. Table of Contents List of Tables Chapter 10: World Wide Web Search Engines ...................................................................................405 Chapter 13: E−Business Transaction Management in Web−Integrated Network Environment........406 Chapter 14: System Development Methodologies for Web−Enabled E−Business: A Customization Framework..................................................................................................................406 Chapter 16: Customisation of Internet Multimedia Information Systems Design Through User Modelling............................................................................................................................................406 Chapter 18: XML − Digital Glue for the Modern World Electronic Business Standards Fuelling Intra− and Inter−Enterprise Interoperability for Global Collaboration..............................................406 Chapter 22: An Agent−Based Architecture for Product Selection and Evaluation Under E−Commerce......................................................................................................................................406 Chapter 23: An Architecture for Authentication and Authorization of Mobile Agents in E−Commerce......................................................................................................................................406 xiii
  14. Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business Nan Si Shi, Ph.D. University of South Australia, Australia V.K. Murthy, Ph.D. University of New South Wales at Australian Defence Force Academy, Australia Acquisition Editor Mehdi Khosrowpour Senior Managing Editor Jan Travers Managing Editor Amanda Appicello Development Editor Michele Rossi Copy Editor Jane Conley Typesetter Tamara Gillis Cover Design Integrated Book Technology Printed at Integrated Book Technology Published in the United States of America by Idea Group Publishing (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717−533−8845 Fax: 717−533−8661 E−mail: cust@idea−group.com Web site: http://www.idea−group.com and in the United Kingdom by 1
  15. Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business Idea Group Publishing (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 3313 Web site: http://www.eurospan.co.uk Copyright © 2003 by Idea Group Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging−in−Publication Data Shi, Nan Si, 1953− Architectural issues of Web−enabled electronic business / Nan Si Shi, V.K. Murthy p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1−59140−049−X (hardcover) −− ISBN 1−59140−081−3 (ebook) 1. Computer network architectures. 2. Business−−Data processing. 3. Electronic information resources. I. Murthy, V. K., 1963−II. Title. TK5105.52 .N35 2002 658.8'4−−dc21 2002014185 British Cataloguing−in−Publication Data A Cataloguing−in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. About the Authors Nan Si Shi, has a Ph.D. in Information Systems Management (University of South Australia), Master in Computer Networks (Nanyang Technological University), and more than 20 years of experience in the Information Systems field, including industry practice and academic research, including teaching an MBA course Competitiveness Through Information Management. He is the coauthor of the book Essential Technologies for E−Commerce (Prentice Hall), and he has published a number of research papers, contributed several chapters in various books and international journals and conferences. He is a member of the International Board of Editors for the Journal of Information Technology Education. He is currently responsible for the area of Corporate IT Strategy Planning, E−Business, Mobile Commerce, IT Security Policy, Information Management, etc. He also is Adjunct Research Associate, Division of Business and Enterprise, University of South Australia. V.K. Murthy is Senior Lecturer at the School of Computer Science, University of New South Wales at ADFA. Earlier, he was Associate Professor in Hong Kong and a Visiting Fellow at the Australian National University. He has extensive experience in the areas of distributed systems/Internet technologies, database and E−commerce systems. Also, he has software engineering and project management experience with Fujitsu R&D. Dr. Murthy has an extensive publication record in high−profile international journals and conferences, and he is the coauthor of the book Transaction Processing Systems, (Prentice−Hall). He is Program Chair and Program committee member in several major international conferences. He is one of the principal foundation 2
  16. Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business editors of the ACM IT Journal on Education. *** Hussein Abdel−Wahab received a Ph.D. in 1976 and an M.S. in 1973 both from the University of Waterloo in Computer Communications and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Cairo University in 1969. Currently, he is a full−time Professor of Computer Science at Old Dominion University. In addition, he is an Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a faculty member at the Information Technology Lab of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Prior to that, he held faculty positions at North Carolina State University, the University of Maryland, and Rochester Institute of Technology. He served as a consultant to many organizations including IBM, MCNC and MITRE Corp. He is the principal investigator in designing and implementation of XTV, a pioneer X−window−based Teleconferencing system. His main research interests are collaborative desktop multimedia conferencing systems, and real−time distributed information sharing. His research has been supported by NSF, ONR, IBM, MCNC, MITRE, ARPA ,among others. He is a senior member of IEEE Computer Society and a member of the Association for Computing Machinery. Suliman Al−Hawamdeh is an Associate Professor and Programme Director of the Master of Science in Knowledge Management programme, School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He has more than 20 years of teaching and industrial experience in areas such as knowledge management, electronic commerce, document imaging, information retrieval, Internet, and digital library. He holds a masters degree from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and a Ph.D. from University of Sheffield in UK. He is the founder and president of Information and Knowledge Management Society (iKMS). He is also the author of a book, Information and Knowledge Society published by McGraw−Hill. Irfan Altas is Associate Professor at Charles Sturt University, Australia. He received his Ph.D. from University of Saskatchewan, Canada. His research interests include: Data Mining, Parallel Processing, Using Technology in Education, Image Processing and Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations. He has published many articles in scholarly and professional journals and conference proceedings in these areas. He has been a consultant in data mining and information technology projects. Marios C. Angelides is Professor of Computing in the Department of Information Systems and Computing at Brunel University. He holds a B.Sc. in Computing and a Ph.D. in Information Systems both from The London School of Economics and Political Science where he began his academic career as a Lecturer in Information Systems in 1990. His research interests are multimedia information systems and superhighways. He is the author of Multimedia Information Systems published by Kluwer and is an editorial board member of Multimedia Tools and Applications by Kluwer. He is a member of the ACM, IEEE Computer Society, and British Computer Society. Daniel Brandon, Jr. is a Professor and Department Chairperson in the Information Technology Management (ITM) Department at Christian Brothers University (CBU) in Memphis, TN. His education includes a B.S. in Engineering from Case Western University, M.S. in Engineering from the University of Connecticut, and a Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut, specializing in computer control and simulation. He also has the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification. His research interest is focused on software development, both on the technical side (analysis, design, and programming) and on the management side. In addition to his seven years at CBU, Dr. Brandon has over twenty years experience in the information systems industry including experience in management, operations, research, and development. He was the Director of Information Systems for the Prime Technical Contractor at the NASA Stennis Space Center for six years, MIS manager for Film Transit Corporation in Memphis for ten years, and affiliated with Control Data Corporation 3
  17. Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business in Minneapolis for six years in several positions including Manager of Applications Development. He has also been an independent consultant and software developer in several industries including: Medicine, Transportation/Logistics, Finance, Law, and Entertainment. K. Se1çuk Candan is a tenure−track Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Arizona State University. He joined the department in August 1997, after receiving his Ph.D. from the Computer Science Department at the University of Maryland at College Park. His dissertation research concentrated on multimedia document authoring, presentation, and retrieval in distributed collaborative environments. He received the 1997 ACM DC Chapter award of Samuel N. Alexander Fellowship for his Ph.D. work. His research interests include development of formal models, indexing schemes, and retrieval algorithms for multimedia and Web information, and development of novel query optimization and processing algorithms. He has published various articles in respected journals and conferences in related areas. He received his B.S. degree, ranked first in the department, in Computer Science from Bilkent University in Turkey in 1993. C. R. Chatwin holds the Chair of Industrial Informatics and Manufacturing Systems at the University of Sussex, UK, where, inter alia, he is Director of the South East Advanced Technology Hub (SEATH), the Research Centre, and the Laser and Photonic Systems Research Group. Before moving to Sussex, Professor Chatwin spent 15 years at the University of Glasgow, Engineering Faculty, Scotland, where as a Reader he was head of the Laser and Optical Systems Engineering Centre and Industrial Informatics Research Group. He has published two research level books: one on numerical methods, the other on hybrid optical/ digital computing and more than one hundred and fifty international papers which focus on: optics, optical computing, signal processing, optical filtering, holography, laser materials processing, laser systems and power supply design, laser physics beam/target interactions, heat transfer, knowledge−based control systems, expert systems, computer integrated manufacture, CIM scheduling, manufacturing communication systems, computational numerical methods, genetic algorithms, maximum entropy algorithms, chaos, robotics, instrumentation, digital image processing, intelligent digital control systems and digital electronics. Sherry Y. Chen is a Lecturer of Computing in the Department of Information Systems and Computing at Brunel University, UK. She holds a masters degree from the University of Maryland and a Ph.D. from the University of Sheffield, UK. Her major research interests focus on hypermedia−based learning environments and human−computer interaction. She has published widely in these areas. Her current research project, funded by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), UK, investigates human factors in the design of adaptive hypermedia systems. She is a member of the ACM and the British HCI group. Zhixiang Chen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Texas−Pan American in Edinburg, Texas. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Boston University in January 1996. He was an Assistant Professor at Southwest State University from August 1995 to September 1997. He also studied and worked at University of Illinois and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His research interests include intelligent Web search, machine learning, information retrieval, data mining, Web mining, AI, and applied algorithms and complexity. He has published over 60 papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings. Nikhilesh Dholakia is a Professor in the Marketing, E−Commerce, and Management Information Systems Areas in the College of Business Administration at the University of Rhode Island, USA. He is also the Associate Director of the Research Institute for Telecommunications and Information Marketing (RITIM) at the University of Rhode Island. His current research is on the strategic and cultural aspects of m−commerce, e−commerce, and the Internet. Geoff Fellows is Lecturer at Charles Sturt University, Australia. He has a Master of Information Technology from Charles Sturt University. His research interests include: E−commerce, World Wide Web and 4
  18. Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business human−computer interaction. He has published some articles in these areas. He is the Executive Director of the Internet Special Projects Group. Schubert Foo is the Head of the Division of Information Studies and Programme Director of the Master of Science in Information Studies programme, School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. He received his B.Sc. (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering, a Ph.D. in Materials Engineering, and an M.B.A. from the University of Strathclyde in 1982, 1985 and 1989, respectively. He joined NTU in 1990 and over the years, lectured in the Divisions of Computer Technology, Software Systems and Information Studies. His research interests include Internet and multimedia technologies, information retrieval, and digital libraries. He has published over 100 international journals and conference papers to date in these areas. Sheng−Uei Guan received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is currently an Associate Professor of the Electrical Engineering Department at National University of Singapore. Professor Guan has also worked in a prestigious R&D organization for several years, serving as a design engineer, project leader, and manager. He has also served as a member on the R.O.C. Information & Communication National Standard Draft Committee. After leaving the industry, he joined Yuan−Ze University in Taiwan for three and half years. He served as Deputy Director for the Computing Center, and also as the Chairman for the Department of Information & Communication Technology. Later he joined La Trobe University with the Department of Computer Science & Computer Engineering where he helped to create a new Multimedia Systems stream. Professor Brian Henderson−Sellers is Director of the Centre for Object Technology Applications and Research and Professor of Information Systems at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS). He is author of ten books on object technology and is well−known for his work in OO methodologies (MOSES, COMMA and OPEN) and in OO metrics. Brian has been Regional Editor of Object−Oriented Systems, a member of the editorial board of Object Magazine/Component Strategies and Object Expert. He was the Founder of the Object−Oriented Special Interest Group of the Australian Computer Society (NSW Branch) and Chairman of the Computerworld Object Developers Awards Committee for ObjectWorld 94 and 95 (Sydney). He is a frequent, invited speaker at international OT conferences. In 1999, he was voted Number 3 in the Whos Who of Object Technology (Handbook of Object Technology, CRC Press, Appendix N). He is currently a member of the Review Panel for the OMGs Software Process Engineering Model (SPEM) standards initiative. In July 2001, Professor Henderson−Sellers was awarded a Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) from the University of London for his research contributions in object−oriented methodologies. Malcolm Heywood received the Ph.D. from University of Essex, United Kingdom. He is currently an Associate Professor of Computer Science in Dalhousie University. His research interests include genetic programming, neural networks, soft−computing with applications in spatial and/or temporal reasoning, reconfigurable computing. Wen−Chen Hu received a B.E. degree in Computer Science from Tamkang University, Taiwan, in 1984, an M.E. degree in Electronic and Information Engineering from the National Central University, Taiwan, in 1986, an M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Iowa, Iowa City, in 1993, and a Ph.D. in Computer and Information Science and Engineering from the University of Florida, Gainesville, in 1998. He is currently in the Department of Computer Science at the University of North Dakota. His current research interests are in the World Wide Web research and applications including information retrieval, especially search engines, data mining, and databases. Roland Hübscher is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Auburn University. His research interests are human−computer interaction with focus on learner−centered design, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. His projects include adaptive hypermedia and e−commerce where he is focusing on navigational 5
  19. Architectural Issues of Web−Enabled Electronic Business issues. He is frequently collaborating with researchers from psychology and education departments. He received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from University of Colorado and an M.S. in Computer Science from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Frank Jung is Product Marketing Manager for Tamino XML Server products at Software AG Headquarters in Darmstadt, Germany. His multi−faceted career encompasses assignments including research and advanced development engineering in the area of professional HDTV and digital SDTV television studio equipment, product management and database management. Frank joined Software AG in 1999 and is responsible for the companys Tamino XML Server product marketing. His main tasks include strategic planning issues for the Tamino XML Server product line, as well as international public presentations about XML and Software AGs XML Server technology. Since 1999, numerous related articles have been published by him in renowned national and international IT magazines around the world. David Kearney received his Bachelors degree with first class honours from the University of New South Wales and his doctorate from the Queensland University of Technology. He has published 47 refereed papers in conferences, books and journals in areas relating to Computer Science and Engineering. He is currently the leader of the Systems Architecture and Security Research Group within the School of Computer and Information Science at the University of South Australia, where he is also the Director of the Reconfigurable Computing Laboratory. His research interests include languages and software architectures for advanced computing systems with particular emphasis on Internet−based computing. Vince Kellen is President of Blue Wolf, a firm specializing in customer relationship management solutions. Prior to that, he served as vice president of customer knowledge management and analytics with Scient, Inc. and as a data warehouse practice leader for USWeb, an Internet consultancy. Mr. Kellen is an international speaker on CRM, the Internet and technology issues and the author of four books on database technology. He is also an adjunct faculty member for DePaul Universitys M.S. in e−Commerce degree program, one of the first graduate programs in the U.S. in e−Commerce. Linda V. Knight is Associate Dean of DePaul Universitys School of Computer Science, Telecommunications, and Information Systems. She teaches and conducts research in the area of e−commerce business strategy, development, and implementation. In addition to acting as Associate Editor of the Journal of IT Education, she also serves on the Editorial Review Board of the Information Resources Management Journal. An entrepreneur and IT consultant, she has held industry positions in IT management and Quality Assurance management. She holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from DePaul University, as well as a B.A. in Mathematics and an M.B.A., both from Dominican University. Shonali Krishnaswamy is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Computer Science and Software Engineering at Monash University. Her research interests are in the areas of e−services, e−marketplaces, distributed data mining, XML data management, and software agents. She received her B.Sc. in Computer Science from Madras University (India) in 1996 and her masters degree in Computing from Monash University (Australia) in 1998. Nir Kshetri is an Assistant Professor at the School of Management, Kathmandu University, Nepal, and a doctoral candidate in Marketing and E−Commerce areas at the College of Business Administration, University of Rhode Island. He is the winner of the 2001 Association for Consumer Research/Sheth Foundation Dissertation Award, the first prize of the 2001 Pacific Telecommunications Essay (PTC) Competition, and second prize of the PTC 2000 essay competition. His papers on the Internet and e−commerce have appeared in such journals as Electronic Markets and Pacific Telecommunications Review. Patricia Lanford is currently a second−year Ph.D. student in the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering at Auburn University. Her research area is in human−computer interaction, specifically, 6
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