Bàn về hiện tượng chuyển nghĩa từ ngữ chứa心tiếng Hán trong ẩn dụ vật chứa

s l 10 (240i-201S<br /> <br /> NGdN N G C & Bin<br /> <br /> SONG<br /> <br /> 13<br /> <br /> BAN VE HlfN TirgfNG CHUYEN NGEQA TU* NGU"<br /> CHU'A tb' TIENG HAN TRONG AN DV VAT CHlTA<br /> DISCUSS ABOUT PHENOMENONS OF TRANSFERRED MEANING WORDS<br /> CONTAINING 'fc- IN THE CONTAINER METAPHORS IN CHINESE<br /> CAMXtlTAl<br /> (PGS.TS; Dfi hpc Ngoyi ngfi-, DHQG H i Nfi)<br /> N d N G H d N G H^NH<br /> (ThS; Khoa Ngogi ngu', Dgi hpc Thdi Nguydn)<br /> Abstracts: Language always reflects the modes of thinking and cognitive characteristics of<br /> each national community. This paper analyzed some phenomenons of cognitive container<br /> metaphors in transferred meaning of words containing "'C^" in Chinese. The current paper amed<br /> at supplementary materials for study, translation and teaching foreign language for Vietnamese<br /> students.<br /> <br /> Key words: cognitive; metonymy; metaphor; words contain '&.<br /> miln tri nhto ndy (miln nguin) sang m i ^ tri nhfn<br /> i.i. Con ngudi nhto thic thyc till tin tgi trong khdc (miln dich). ChAng hgn thdi gian Id mft khdi<br /> thl gidi ty nhito ttt chinh sy ttdi nghifm cia bto nifm trim tupng, khtog nhin thAy, khdng sd dupc,<br /> thto minh Tim la mft bp phfn quan trpng trong CO mft chiiu, khdng lap lgi. VI the khdi nifm thdi<br /> thl chi phli toto bp hogt f^iig song cua con ngudi. gian duijK dnh xg bdi sy di chuyin cia sy vft, tgo<br /> Tim lito quan mft tMit vd cdtinhq i ^ dinh tdi tAt nto an dy T H 6 I GIAN L A SV Dl CHUYfeN<br /> cd cdc bf phto kiidc trto ca thl ngudi. Chinh vl C O A s y VAT. An dy ndy dupc Ihl hifn qua ngdn<br /> tim cd vi tri vd chiic ntog nhu vfy, nto trong tilng ti^tixr. Thdi gian IhimOtoil trdi; Mia hg da di<br /> ' Hdn, ching ta cd thl thAy ttt ngtt chiia if (tim, qua; Thdigiandikhdngbaogi&trdlgi...<br /> tdm) mang<br /> vdn hda lAt ^ sdc<br /> „ nhttng<br /> „ hdm nghia<br /> _<br /> Hoto dy Id tto dyng sy gin gui hole lito quan<br /> vd phong phi. Bdi vilt dya trto quan dilm an dy gifta hai m i ^ tri nhfn, hay ndi cdch khdc Id ding<br /> , tti nhfn cia Lakoffvi Johnson [1], ding thdi vfn khdi nifm ndy dl thay thl cho mft khdi nifm khdc,<br /> dyng li luto v l h f tiling md rpng ngtt ngUa cia trong dd chu ^ nhieu hon tdi d|c diran nli bft cia<br /> Taylor [2] (nghb dto - hoto dy - An dy) ^ di sto sy vft, vd hai khdi nifm ndy thufc vl ctog mft<br /> 'dm hilu vd hito tupng diuyln n ^ cua tft ngtt miln tri nhto. Vi dy: Hdm nay tdi di mua bd<br /> chia i> trong An dy vft chiia.<br /> Adidas. (Adidas Id thuong hifu trang phyc thl<br /> ( 1.Z Ngto ngtt hpc tri nhto cho rAng, hodn dy thao nil tilng thay thl cho sto phAm Id qufc<br /> vd An dy deu bat nguin ttt kinh n ^ f m cufc sing do thuong Mfu Adidas).<br /> thudng ngdy cia con ngufti, diu Id qud trinh tri<br /> Cd thl thay. An dy vd hoto dy cd tdc dyng<br /> nhto mang tinh khdi nifm, ty phdt vd vd tiiftc. tuong hS Ifc nhau, gitta chtog cd mli lidn hf<br /> Hoto dy vi An dy diu cd xu hudng dtog nhftng tuong dii phttc tgp. Hifn nay nhilu n ^ t o cftu<br /> khdi nifm cy dil dl dnh xg hofc diay the cdc khdi ^ cdn khd mp hi gitta khdi nifm An dy vd khdi<br /> •nifm httu tupng, Idm cho vifc bilu dgt ngto ngft nitoi hoto dy, hole khdng chl rd dupc mli tuong<br /> lid nto don gidn, sinh dtog hon, nhdm dgt tdi quan mgt tMlt gitta chung.<br /> nguyto tac tifki?" ft°ng ngdn ngtt, giip mpi<br /> Taylor (1995) Id ngufti dAu tito da chi ra hifn<br /> ngufti dl nam bAt cdc khdi nifm mdi hon.<br /> tupng Andy ton tgi trdn cosd hoto dy,vi da dua ra<br /> ' An dy Id dem mf t khdi nitoi ndy dnh xg vdo quan diem vlhf thing chuyin dich lito tyc "ngUa<br /> mft khii nitoi khdc, hojc cdthlndilidnhxgtii den- hoto dy - An dy" tnmg vifc md rpng ngtt<br /> <br /> So 10 (240)-2015<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGtr & D d i S O N G<br /> <br /> nghia. Ong da lAy vi dy vdi tmh ttt 'liigh" dl lam<br /> rd quan dign oia minh [3]:<br /> Audg<br /> Hotedv<br /> Ca)<br /> Hgh<br /> <br /> (b)<br /> Hgli<br /> dde<br /> <br /> Ngudi Trung Q u i c d i u cho lAng m i i lim Id ni$t<br /> b f p h t o quan trpng b o n g c o thl, chi p h l i todn bf<br /> hogt dfng s i n g c i a c o n ngudi. Tim Id tiung tSm<br /> <br /> (e)<br /> (d)<br /> Higli<br /> High<br /> prices<br /> lEoipqBturB<br /> 0 (a), ngh& den c i a "high" la chito cao; 0 (b),<br /> n^Ha c i a "high" v i a cd phto chl chieu cao viia d l<br /> chi myc nude, vi die p h f c ndo c h i a dyng khdi<br /> nifm hodn dy; (i (c), " h i ^ " dd thyc s y Id khdi<br /> nifm hoto dy, d i n g khdi nifm thto nhift cao d l<br /> Ihay thl thto nhift "ndng"; 0 (d) "high" nam gitta<br /> ranh gidi c i a h o t o dy vd An dp, "high prices" cd<br /> thl cd hai cdch hieu, mft la dem chi s l trong b t o g<br /> bdo gid vd gid cd lito hf vdi nhau, dong tlidi xuat<br /> hifn trdn c i n g mft mien tri nhto, sd tgo n t o cdch<br /> hieu hoto dy; hai Id, lAy c h i o i cao vd s l tiln lito hf<br /> vdi nhau, Igo n t o c o c h l h o t o dy ' T A N G L 6 N " ;<br /> fl (e), "quality" thufc phgm tti chit hipng, cd s y<br /> phto bift giua cdi t i t vd cdi x i u , c t o "high" thufc<br /> chiiu cao, khi dupc dnh xg vdo phgm t i i chAt<br /> lupng, s5 hinh thdnh nto khdi nitoi An dy "T&T<br /> <br /> ndi v i suy n ^ khdng thong nhAt), /ttJc—B<br /> <br /> IAT'.<br /> <br /> vt! n / l / d ^ (trong Idng khdng cd dyng ^ khdcX-.<br /> <br /> Hodn dy vd fc dy tgo nto m f t hf thing lito tyc.<br /> Trong qud trinh phdt triln ttt h ( ^ dy ito an dy, cd<br /> hai klgi CO c h l tuong d i i quan trpng: m f t Id, CO sd<br /> kinh nghifm c i a hoto dy quy djnh mien n g u i n<br /> c i a In dy v i s y lya chpn dnh xg; hai Id, CO c h l trim<br /> tupng, tuc Id miic dp tiftu tupng cao hay thip sd<br /> dnh h u t o g den sy dnh xg cdng g f c vdi s y v f t<br /> Trong khodng khdng gian m o h i giiia An dy vd<br /> hoto dy, hai khdi nifm ndy dnh h u t o g qua Igi Ifc<br /> nhau, CO sd kinh nghifm v i c o che trim tupng<br /> c t o g cd dnh hudng, dilu ndy khi&i h o t o dy tid<br /> flidnh phuong t h i c m d rfng ngtt nghia c o bdn, vd<br /> phln Ito cdc In dy tope ndy sinh v i thiet % u t o<br /> c o s d ciia hoto d y<br /> D e nghifm chung quan d i o n tito cua Taylor,<br /> <br /> (Ifl/&) lito quan mgt fliilt vd cd thih quylt ( ^ tdi<br /> t o t o b f cdc bf p h t o khdc t i t o CO the ngudi. H m t t<br /> CO quan thyc h i t o chiic n t o g tu duy, mpi hogt<br /> ddng t u duy va t u tudng tinh cdm d i u cd lito quan<br /> den tim, t i c Id d i n g tim d l dnh x g v t o t u duy. Bii<br /> vfy, ngudi ta thudng d i n g ttt ngtt cd (tim, ldm)<br /> ^<br /> <br /> bilu til] s y phto tich, t i n g hpp, phto dodn, suy<br /> <br /> luto c i a bf ndo con ngudi. V i dy;'i>3SE J ^ / u d l $<br /> (Irong Idng n^ii), i>% Idm todn (tinh totoX S^O<br /> nghi tdm (Idng n ^ ngd), ^i><br /> <br /> da tdm Oong da<br /> <br /> nghiX S - f r Iao tdm (nhpc Itog),<br /> <br /> 'Cf'PW&lm<br /> <br /> Irung/i£fu5t^(trong Idng sdm da djnh lifu), Pft't^<br /> $^ khdu thi ldm phi ( m i t o g ndi v f y nhung trong<br /> Itog nghlkhdoX ' f r P ^ F — tdm khiu<br /> <br /> batnhil(^<br /> ldm<br /> <br /> T t o id cor quan tiiyc h i t o s y suy nghl^ Id khdi<br /> nguon c i a tri tiif, d l i ^ thdi d t o g d l thay the cho<br /> mong m u l n , n g u y t o vpng h o f c :^ muon ldm vi?c<br /> gj. D o vfy, tiong tieng H t o xuAt hifn cdc tft ngi!<br /> nhir li^M. ldm y (tam ^, y nguyto), i>^<br /> <br /> t^<br /> <br /> nguyen (tdm nguyfn, mong mulnX Vii' cam tdn<br /> (cam Itog), # hOu tdm (ok Itog), ^IA> thaiA<br /> Idm (thdnh tam, tiift long), f9;'j> xUng tdm (hii<br /> Idng, v i a Itog), -&/£> hgp Idm (hpp y). * > S * a<br /> tdm mdn^tlic<br /> <br /> ( m t o nguyto), — nhat Idm (ra{l<br /> <br /> Idng, m f t dg), S ^ ddn tdm Qimg dto), Xitt<br /> <br /> Ml<br /> <br /> bdi viet di s t o tim hieu ve khdi nifm hoto dy vd An<br /> <br /> Idm Otog ngudi, nhto tam), lfli thugn ldn<br /> <br /> dy c i a ttt ngtt c h u a - t s ttt dd md til v l s y chuyin<br /> <br /> (diuto Idng), M'b' logi tdm (togi nguytoX * * •*<br /> <br /> dich ngtt ngMa c i a tft ngtt chtta ib theo md hinh<br /> <br /> /&n(vdtamX...<br /> <br /> "nghia den - hoto dy - an dy".<br /> 2. Nghia h o t o d y cua tft ngft c h u a C^il( tdm hda (blc hda, nil gifnX Mil'hdn tdm<br /> (se Itog, xdt xa, gid bult con timX Jik'i^ bdng tdm<br /> (trdi tim bang gid),...<br /> Vj tri cia tiii tim: Trdi tim d djnh tgi mft vj tti<br /> bilu thj tam tigng yto lam, tidi tim d trgng tiidi ki<br /> ling, khdng ol djnh bilu tiij ttoi tigng lo ling,<br /> khdng y t o Vi dy; ti.il'phdng tdm (yto IdmX ft<br /> Kf Igi Idm (tiong Itog), S ' t qudi tdm (dk byng).<br /> <br /> dgo tfcX Mib hdc tdm Odng dg xAu xaX St> dS<br /> tdm (da tdmX 8>'t> to (am (ngM cho ritog<br /> nilnhX...So vdi nhttng dieu xAu xa tli tf thl con<br /> ngudi ta cdng mong muln hudng din nhttng dilu<br /> tit d ^ vd vgch ra nhttng lanh gidi gifta cdi tit vd<br /> cdi xAu cho trdi tim, vi dy: .&'!> luong tdm Oucmg<br /> tfim, itog tItX iS-if ilia Itoi Odng t&X tt'O mudi<br /> tdm Odng dg den tli/ trdi vdi luong tdmX i ^ ' ^ vi<br /> tdm (bdi vdi lucmg tdm),... Chtog tdi da lupc dl<br /> hda ^ nghia hoto dy cia tii ngtt chua'i^ tieng Hto<br /> bang so disau:<br /> *.<br /> <br /> hWDCY — * ' M O N G M U 6 N , N G I I Y S N<br /> <br /> VQNG<br /> <br /> 2.2<br /> <br /> 'bthl^giitinhlhin<br /> <br /> NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG<br /> <br /> 16<br /> <br /> A'{> hio>in tdm Qo ISng), S'C^ ^ 13 d^ /am ^i^u<br /> dSJm (l^ng d9 tfa^ tii6m),...<br /> NghTa h o ^ dy c i ^ tur ngfi chuca 'C^ trong<br /> ti^ng Hin du^c thS hi^n qua sa d6 du6i d§y:<br /> ^<br /> <br /> • T I N H T H A N —*-TAMTR^G,TiNH<br /> <br /> CAM<br /> 3. Sy c h u y ^ djch ngi^ n g h u c&a tiir ngfr<br /> chua 'C^ trong i n d^ v$t chua<br /> Trfin npi hikm ca bAn ciia hoin d\i T R A I<br /> TIM THAY THfi TU" DUY v i T R A I TIM<br /> THAY T H £ T I N T H A N , da t ^ n6n SV chuydn<br /> djch ng& nghta cCa tu ngQ' chiia't^, phit tri^n<br /> thinh fin dy T R A I TIM L A V A T<br /> <br /> CHCA.<br /> <br /> Trong cfiu trQc fin dy niy, trii tim bj inh x^ bdi<br /> khii ni^m 'V|it chura", n6 c6 th^ c h ^ dyng m^i<br /> thur nhu dung chOc nfing cOa bfit k] v§t chura<br /> nio. Th6ng qua khii n i ^ "v|t chiia" niy m i<br /> trong dfiu 6c con ngudi d§ ding tu duy hon v^ "<br /> 4> (tim, tSm), di^u m i chung ta luon c6 cim<br /> giic ma hh vh n6, v i ludn khdng thfi nhln thfiy<br /> hay sd tiifiy nd m$t cich tryc tifip gi6ng 10c tri<br /> nhin v^ nhihig b$ ph$n ca thl khic hi^n hthi d<br /> b€n ngoii nhu: mit, mui, chan, tay, m i ^ g . . .<br /> Trong tilng Hin, trii tim dugrc coi li v|lt<br /> chira cOa tfit c i cic tr^ng thii tinh thfin, tinh<br /> cim, tri tu$ v i kiln thvrc [4]. Khii ni^m fin dy<br /> T R A I TIM L A V A T CHtTA niy dupc quy djnh<br /> bdi sa d6 tri nh$n v§t chura v i so d6 tri n h ^<br /> tr£n - dudi, trong - ngoii, gjQa. Vi dy: V|it chiia<br /> cd phfin diy: t^B<br /> <br /> tdm di (diy Idng)...; V ^<br /> <br /> chtia cd ranh ^ d i khoing giQa, trong v i ngoii:<br /> 'i>M tdm li (trong Idng), rt'C^ ndi tdm (n^i tfim,<br /> trong Idr^, 'C^4' tdm trung (trong ldng)...;V§t<br /> <br /> S6 10 (240)-2015<br /> <br /> mu6n ndi v l nhQng cim xOc trong Idng. ngudi<br /> Trung Qu6c thudng dikng cic tii ngQ xufit phit<br /> tir 'i^ (tim, tfim) nhu: 'i>?ESfi[ tdm hoa nd<br /> phdng (vui nhu md cd trong byng), ' ^ K f t H<br /> tdm khdi;^ ldn (nin Idng nhyt chQ,--- d l chi ncri<br /> khdi ngu6n. chiia dyng cho cic cung b|k; cim<br /> xuc vui, buin, dau ddn, xdt xa, gi§n dSi. budn<br /> bye,...<br /> Qia diy, cd thl lugic db hda sy chuylndjch<br /> ngii nghta cOa tfr ngit chiia ^ nhu sau:<br /> ifr<br /> •TirDUY,TINHTHAN<br /> • V^T<br /> CHU'A TU* DUY TINH T H A N<br /> 4. Thay cho k^t lu$n<br /> Quan dilm md r$ng ngQ nghta tfr ngii ciia<br /> Taylor theo so db "nghta den - hoin dy -findy"<br /> budc dfiu dupc chung tdi If giii qua tii ngQ chiia<br /> 'C^ (tim, tfim) ding Hin, v6n l i m$t b$ ph§n co<br /> thl dw^c chiiu X9 qua gde d$ tri nh$n hoin dy<br /> v i fin dy dl thl hi^n chiic ning tu duy, b$c 1$<br /> cic cung b|lc cim xde, chiia dyng cie t r ^ g thii<br /> tfim If, tinh thfin eiia eon ngudi trong vin hda<br /> Trung Qu6e. Vdi kit qui khio sit tr6n, ehiing<br /> t5i hi vpng s€ cd thl .gdp phfin lim sing td hon<br /> d ^ trung ngdn ngii v i vin hoi trong tfr ngQ chl<br /> b$ ph$n ca thl ngudi, tQ dd, b6 sung tii li$u<br /> n g ^ ^ cihi, dieh thu|it, d^y hpc ngdn ngQ vi<br /> vin hda cho hpe sinh Vi$t Nam.<br /> T A I L I | : U THAM K H A O<br /> 1. G. Lakofif and M. Johnson (1980).<br /> Mataphor we live by^ Chicago, London.<br /> 2. John R, Taylor, Cognitive grammar,<br /> Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2002.<br /> 3. John R. Taylor (1995), Linguistic<br /> adeff}rization: Prototypes in linguistic theory.<br /> 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.<br /> <br /> chiia cd the chiia dfiy ho$c vai: /K'C> mdn tdm<br /> <br /> 4. P h ^ Ngpc Him - Cfim Tii Tii (2012),<br /> <br /> (hii ]dng)...;V$t chtia de d$t, dfi do v$t: iK^/i^<br /> <br /> ^ 0 trong tiing Hdn vd nghfbffng trong tiing<br /> <br /> 1. phdng tgi tdm thugng (dl trong I d i ^ , i B ^<br /> <br /> Viit - nhin tit gde dd ngdn ngit hgc tri nhdn. T/c<br /> <br /> 'C^^ it/ e(R f ^ i2i^ (ghi nhd trong Idng), ^M<br /> <br /> Ngdn ngii s6 8 (279): 29.<br /> <br /> ^ ^ minh khdc tgi tdm ( ^ Idng tfic d^),... Khi<br /> <br />