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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Photosynthesis and growth of present New Zealand forest trees relate to ancient climates"

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp Original article đề tài: Photosynthesis and growth of present New Zealand forest trees relate to ancient climates...

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Photosynthesis and growth of present New Zealand forest trees relate to ancient climates G.B. Sweet* B.J. Hawkins School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand of temperate, northern hemi- Seedlings species are regarded as recent, many having evolved during the cold Pleistoce- sphere forest tree species have demon- strated optimum growing temperatures climates of the last two million years, ne of a much older tropical which equate closely with climates in replacing species which they presently grow (Table I). The and subtropical flora (Cox ei al., 1976). ’ Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
A series of controlled temperature ex- 0.0001) from the northern hemisphere periments were carried out with seedlings species in Table I, in the differential be- of 5 species of important New Zealand tween optimal growing temperature and forest tree genera. Conditions were a 16 h actual growing season temperature. photoperiod with 10 h of ’full’ light at in- New Zealand’s forest tree species are tensities ranging from 270 to 560 ancient and they, or their closest ances- 1 s- ’ 2 - m l’ ,umo and a maximum VPD of 12 tors, have been a dominant element of the mbar. The results indicated that all spe- country’s forest vegetation for the past 50 cies had an optimum growing temperature million years (Fleming, 1975). of 27°C (Table II). In 4 of the 5 species, The high temperature optimum for the the net photosynthetic optimum was also New Zealand species is interpreted as at 27°C, but species differed in whether being a physiological ’relic’ from the Mio- the main determinant of their increased cene period, 10-26 million years ago. growth rate at 27°C was increased net During that time, temperatures were sub- photosynthetic rate or rate of leaf produc- tropical, with seas 5-7°C, warmer than tion (Table III). The New Zealand species today. That warmth was maintained in Table II differed significantly (P =
Fleming C.A. (1975) The geological history of 3 million through the early Pliocene and, New Zealand and its biota. In: Biogeography years ago, sea temperatures were still and Ecology in New Zealand. (Kushel G., ed.), warmer than today (Stevens, 1985). W. Junk. The Hague, pp. 1-86 The fact that ’relic’ optimum tempera- Good R.E. & Good N.F. (1976) Growth analysis tures for growth have persisted to the of pitch pine seedlings under three temperature present in all species examined, would regimes. For. Sci. 22, 445-448 indicate that there has been little genetic Gowin T., Lourtiox A. & Mousseau M. (1980) selection for growth rate during the last 3 Influence of constant growth temperature upon the productivity and gas exchange of seedlings million years. The authors have data of Scots pine and European larch. For. Sci. 26, (unpublished) to support the expectation 301-309 that a major selection pressure exerted by Hellmers H. (1966) Growth response of red- the Pleistocene environment on these wood seedlings to thermoperiodism. For. Sci. subtropical species was for the develop- 12, 277-283 ment of cold resistance. Hellmers H. & Fiook D.A. (1973) Air tempera- ture and growth of radiata pine seedlings. New Zealand J. For. Sci. 3, 271-285 Hellmers H., Genthe M.K. & Ronco F. (1970) References Temperature affects growth and development of Engelmann spruce. For. Sci. 16, 447-452 Brix H. (1971) Growth responses of western Kramer P.J. (1957) Some effects of various hemlock and Douglas fir seedlings to tempera- combinations of day and night temperatures ture regimes during day and night. Can. J. Bot and photoperiod on the height growth of loblolly 49, 289-294 pine seedlings. For. Sci. 3, 45-53 Cox C.B., Healy I.N. & Moore P.D. (1976) In: Biogeography, an Ecological and Evolutionary Stevens G. (19;95) In: Lands in Collision - Approach. 2nd edn., Blackwell Scientific Publ., Discovering New Zealand’s Past Geography. Oxford, pp. 179 DSIR Information Series, No. 161

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