Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " USING GAP FOR VEGETABLE SEED AND SEEDLING PRODUCTION "

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Sản xuất rau tại Việt Nam là một cao ngành công nghiệp tăng trưởng của nông nghiệp ngành. Theo thống kê, trong năm 1999 quốc gia khu vực trồng rau đạt 430.360 ha, năng suất 142,6 kg / ha, và sản xuất 6,13 triệu tấn. Đến năm 2009, chỉ số trên 735.335 ha (tăng 70%), 161,6 kg / ha (tăng 13%) và 11,88 triệu tấn (tăng 93%), tương ứng. Loài thực vật đã được đa dạng (bao gồm hơn 70 loại rau loài với các loài chủ chốt 25-27), tỷ lệ sử dụng hạt giống lai trong sản xuất đạt trên 60%. Bên cạnh sự tiến bộ của ngành, thiếu sót đã được tiết...

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Nội dung Text: Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " USING GAP FOR VEGETABLE SEED AND SEEDLING PRODUCTION "

Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) Program USING GAP FOR VEGETABLE SEED AND SEEDLING PRODUCTION Project title: Improvement of Vietnamese vegetable production using GAP principles for seed and seedling production and superior hybrid varieties Project code: CARD 025/06 VIE Prof. Dr. Tran Khac Thi 1, Dr. Pham My Linh1, Ass. Prof. Dr. Robert Spooner-Hart2, Authors: Dr. Tony Haigh2, Mr. Oleg Nicetic Project implementing organizations: 1 Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute 2 Centre for Plant & Food Science - University of Western Sydney, Australia Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Research Center (PVFC), VAAS Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the south (IAS) Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry (HUAF) Southern Seed Stock Company (SSC) Plant Protection Department (PPD) above mentioned shortcomings of the 1. Introduction industry. Vegetable production in Vietnam is a high The project was implemented during 2007- growth industry of agriculture 2010. Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute is sector. According to statistics, in 1999 the the key project institution in Vietnam, led by national vegetable growing area reached Prof. Dr. Tran Khac Thi. It was collaborated 430,360 hectares, yielding 142.6 kg/ha, and with Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Research producing 6.13 million tons. By 2009 the Center (PVFC) under Institute of Agricultural index was above 735,335 ha (increased by Sciences in the south (IAS), Hue University of 70%), 161.6 kg/ha (increased by 13%) and Agriculture and Forestry (HUAF), Southern 11.88 million tons (increased by 93%), Seed Stock Company (SSC), and Plant respectively. Vegetable species have been Protection Department (PPD). Australian diversified (including more than 70 vegetable institution is Centre for Plant & Food Science species with 25-27 key species), the rate of - University of Western Sydney led by Ass. hybrid seed utilization in production reached Prof. Dr. Robert Spooner – Hart. In addition, over 60%. Besides the sector's progress, the the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) was shortcomings were revealed, requiring to be also involved in this project. addressed: 2. Contents and methodology - Vegetable yields are low, equivalent to only 92% of the world average level due 1) Conduct GAP baseline study of to low and uneven farming degree among vegetable seed and seedling production regions in Vietnam. facilities, and draft protocols for seed - The percentage of imported hybrid seeds and seedling production aligned to GAP is relatively high, over 50% of quantity of principles seedling production and (for annually sowing seeds. farmers IPDM, record keeping and health & safety). - The level of food safety has tended to 2) Establish small-scale pilot vegetable decline. Currently, only 5% of the area variety evaluation and seedling planted according safety procedures production in each of 3 regions based on (Department of Crop Production, drafted protocols. Once established, 2008). This project was established with the desire to contribute to addressing the 246
CARD 025/06 VIE – GAP for vegetable seed and seedling production these production facilities will be use for - For tomato: tested results showed 2 demonstrations and training promising F1 hybrid tomato varieties are 3) Evaluate new hybrids of AVRDC’s WVCT8 and WVCT2. Both have the mean TYLCV resistant tomato varieties and fruit weight of 80 grams, with bright red color, mildew resistant cucumber varieties very suitable for the current market demand. developed by FAVRI in 3 regions WVCT8 has a longer growth duration (about 4) Develop crop management protocols for 140 days) and also a higher yield (reaching farmers using new resistant varieties of more than 60 tons/ha in main season and more seed and seedling to final product, for than 40 tons/ha in off season). Because of high tomato fruit with no significant losses disease resistant and heat resistant varieties, it due to TYLCV, and for cucumbers with can be planted earlier in the autumn and winter no significant losses from mildews in the Northern provinces at the time of tomato 5) Train personnel from seed and seedling scarcity, thus this variety are preferable by producing companies and PPD in principles and practices of GAP and farmers. This variety is proposed for MARD production/evaluation of hybrid disease- approval as technical advance variety which is resistant tomato and mildew resistant allowed to large scale development in the Red cucumber varieties. River Delta, in Lam Dong and the Mekong Project activities Delta. SSC and FAVRI are implementing multiplication of these varieties. - Trailing new hybrid vegetable varieties: Tomato resistant to yellow leaf curl virus (from AVRDC), cucumber resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew (from FAVRI) at different ecological regions of Vietnam. - Developing vegetable production protocols complying for VietGAP principles - Establishing demonstrations of new varieties and techniques as well growing off season tomatoes by using technology of grafting tomato scions on eggplant Fig 1. Tomato demonstration block in Thai Binh. The rootstocks. crop on the left (with stakes) is grafted tomato. The - Training extension staff and farmers on safe one on the right (destroyed, no stakes) is non-grafted vegetable production Project locations are the Red River Delta provinces, the central coastal provinces, Lam Dong and Thua Thien-Hue. 3. Research results 3.1 Variety testing A variety set of geminivirus disease resistant tomato delivered by Dr. Peter Hanson (AVRDC) and hybrid cucumber varieties bred by FAVRI were trailed/tested in 5 locations in the Red River Delta, Central Coast and Central Fig 2. Tomato demonstration in Hai Phong. The crop on Highland of Vietnam in 2 crops/year beginning the left is AVRDC disease resistant, and the crop (local variety) on the right is devastated with TYLC virus in 2007. 247
Tran Khac Thi, Pham My Linh, Robert Spooner-Hart &Tony Haigh - For cucumber: Of hybrid cucumber varieties bred by FAVRI, CV5 has advantage in growing in the Red River Delta and is currently grown by farmers in many locations where farmers produce more to supply products to big cities markets. This variety owns a gene against a powdery mildew disease (Sphaerotheca funigiea) and downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) which facilitates farmers to use less chemicals/pesticides, thereby both increasing production effectiveness and ensuring safety for farming environment. Fig 3. GAP manual for tomato and cucumber (in Develop GAP manuals for tomato 3.2 English and Vietnamese) and cucumber To develop GAP manuals, the project 3.3 Field demonstration organized a national workshop on GAP in During project implementation, FAVRI and December 2007 with the participation of SSC has established 10 demonstrations of new Vietnamese and Australian experts from the tomato and cucumber varieties for seed research centers, universities, managers from production areas in northern Vietnam, Lam ministries and some Provincial Departments of Dong province and Mekong Delta. This is the Agriculture and Rural Development as well as basis for the producers to access to and select staff of CARD project 021/06 new varieties at the same place of production. VIE. Information about the workshop were - One of the most successful activities of this collected combined with survey results in the project is to establish demonstrations of Red River Delta provinces, the Central Coast, grafting tomato scions on eggplant rootstocks Ho Chi Minh City and Lam Dong provinces, in the Red River Delta provinces, two central the project team has compiled the above coast provinces (Quang Nam and Da Nang). documents. Content of the two manuals was The advantages of this technique is that tomato established based on reference of similar can be tolerant to flooding and high humidity manual in Australia, ASEANGAP and and heat so it can be grown in summer season VietGAP principles. During the time, the with yield of 70-85% compared with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural winter – spring season. During summer time Development, Vietnam also had advocated (June – October), tomato price increased by 3- development of VietGAP guidelines for 4 times compared with main season tomato specific crops. The two above manuals are the which has brought high efficiency for farmers, basic for Vietnamese project team to develop added a number of fresh tomato products to the safe vegetable production protocols in market, contributing to reducing tomato import compliance with VietGAP principles for . This is FAVRI technical advance improved tomato and cucumber. These two protocols from AVRDC achievements which are adopted were approved as technical advances for large by farmer. One of the constraints is that limited scale application in Vietnam according to capacity of seedling production has led to Decision No. 369-370/QD-TT-CLT dated small – medium scale f demonstrations and not September 28, 2009 by Department of Crop meeting producers demand Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. 248
CARD 025/06 VIE – GAP for vegetable seed and seedling production 3.2 Training 4. Conclusions and recommendations  The project results are sustainable. This is - For farmers. During project implementation, a total of 860 farmers (mainly women) the most successful of this project by the participated in 36 FFSs (16 FFSs for cucumber following impact: and 20 FFSs for tomato). Survey results - The hybrid tomato and cucumber showed that most participants recognised the varieties introduced to farmers in many benefits of the project in their vegetable locations have been adopted and production. Enhanced skills include a selection developed due to their high yield, good of good varieties for production to both quality and disease resistance, thus increase yield and reduce cost, identification, increasing efficiency growers, as well selection and use of proper pesticides, crop safety of products and farming management skills .... Because they were environment. In addition, seeds of these trained on VietGAP principles, they all record varieties which are domestically during production. Via FFSs , farmer produced will be an active source of demonstrations increased yield by 43-50% seeds compared to the imported high compared with non – project fields. price varieties popularly planted in Vietnam. - 21 staff of 9 PPSDs , including six Red River Delta provinces, Quang Nam, Da Nang and Da - The technical staff of the PPSD who Lat were improved with new knowledge about was improved with new knowledge of IPDM and GAP via attending two training pest and disease management as well as workshops (TOT). cultural practice protocols, will facilitate farmers to limit pesticide use, tending to - For the professional staff of project safe vegetable production. Especially, Vietnamese institutions: 7 project staff from project farmers with effectiveness of FAVRI, PVFC, SSC HUAF had a study visit demonstrations and the new cultural of 10 days in Australia (from May practices will help them increase income 2008). Dr. Robert Spooner-Hart, Tony Haigh and protect sustainability of farming and Oleg Nicetic guided the team to visit environment. vegetable seedling production facilities in industrial scale, visit the hi tech vegetable - Project partners had capacity building production areas (hydroponic technology), safe through enhancing technical knowledge vegetable areas with GAP certification. The for researchers, English proficiency and team also accessed to research activities of relationships with Australian specialists, Centre for Plant & Food Science - University skills to work with farmers will help of Western Sydney (UWS) and other them much in the same activities in the agricultural research institutes. Expertise future. obtained of the team members are very active,  The project has been completed and much information will be applied to their exceeded set objectives. Australian experts work. have closely cooperated with Vietnamese - Mr. Tang Duc Hung, SSC staff were funded staff, understood Vietnamese Culture and for a training on breeding TYLCV, downy planned to collaborate following mildew, bacterial disease-resistant tomato by activities. This project is considered traditional and modern methods. These are activities outside project plan in order to successful in many aspects. facilitate SSC to prepare a long-term program in tomato seed production and trade. 249