YOMEDIA
Chapter 1: ISOMERISM
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Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula
but different structural formulas. Different compounds that have the same molecular
formula – but differ in their connectivity. Isomers that differ in the way their atoms
are arranged in space
AMBIENT/
Chủ đề:
Nội dung Text: Chapter 1: ISOMERISM
- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Dr Nam T. S. Phan
Faculty of Chemical Engineering
HCMC University of Technology
Office: room 211, B2 Building
Phone: 8647256 ext. 5681
Email: ptsnam@hcmut.edu.vn
1
- REFERENCES
[1] Nam T. S. Phan, Hoa T. V. Tran ‘Organic chemistry’,
VNU-HCMC Publisher, 2010
[2] Nam T. S. Phan, ‘Study guide to organic chemistry’,
VNU-HCMC Publisher, 2009
[3] Paula Y. Bruice, ‘Organic chemistry’, fifth edition,
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007
[4] Francis A. Carey, ‘Organic chemistry’, fifth edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2003
[5] Paula Y. Bruice, ‘Study guide and solutions manual -
Organic chemistry’, fifth edition, Pearson Prentice
Hall, 2007
[6] Graham T.W. Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, ‘Organic
chemistry’, eighth edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004
2
- COURSE OUTLINE
• Isomerism
• Electronic & steric effects
• Common reaction mechanisms
• Alkanes
• Alkenes
• Alkadienes
• Alkynes
• Aromatic hydrocarbons
• Alkyl halides
• Alcohols & phenols
• Aldehydes & ketones
• Carboxylic acids
• Amines & diazoniums 3
- Chapter 1: ISOMERISM
Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula
but different structural formulas
Isomers
Constitutional isomers Stereoisomers
Conformational isomers Configurational isomers
Optical isomers /Enantiomers &
Geometric isomers
Diastereoisomers
4
- CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS
Different compounds that have the same molecular
formula – but differ in their connectivity
5
- STEREOISOMERS
Isomers that differ in the way their atoms
are arranged in space
Conformational isomers Configurational isomers
6
- CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERS
• Different shapes of the same molecule resulting
from rotation around a single C-C bond
• Conformational isomers are not different
compounds
7
- 8
- 9
- Conformations of butane
10
- Conformations of cyclohexane
11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- GEOMETRIC ISOMERS
There is no rotation around the C=C bond 15
- 16
- The E,Z system of nomenclature
17
- Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules
Rule 1
Rule 2
18
- Rule 3
Rule 4
19
- OPTICAL ISOMERS
A chiral opbject
Nonsuperimposable
mirror image
An achiral opbject
20
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