Đài quan thời Lê sơ

DAI ouAN rmii m stf<br /> DAO TO UY£N*<br /> PHAN NGOC HUY^N*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ngUdi khdc, hogc ngdm mieng khdng bdn<br /> T rong he tho'ng cic cd quan thanh<br /> tra, giam s i t thdi Le sd, Ngfl sii dii<br /> cd vi tri die biet quan trgng. Cic quan lai d<br /> ludn gi..." (2).<br /> Vdi vi tri quan trgng nhfl vay, khong<br /> Ngfl sii dai (thfldng ggi t i t la Dii quan) (1) phai ca nhan n i o cung de dang trd thanh<br /> gifl vai trd ri't ldn trong viec giup vua gifl Dii quan. Mat khic, ngfldi lim quan d Ngfl<br /> gin phap do, chi'n chinh ky cfldng trieu sii dii thong thfldng phai trai qua viec<br /> dinh. Bii viet n i y n h i m khld sat sd' Ifldng tuyen chgn k h i ky Ifldng vdi yeu cau k h i<br /> bien che, quyen han, chflc trich va so' p h i n cao ve tieu chuan: khdng chi cd hgc vi'n, tii<br /> cua cic Dii quan thdi Le sd. Qua dd de n i n g ndi bat, pham hanh thanh liem m i<br /> thi'y dfldc nhflng ddng gdp cung nhfl han cdn phai l i ngfldi cd ban linh, cfldng trflc.<br /> che cua hg trong tien trinh p h i t trien lich Trdng dd, viec chgn Ifla chflc quan Ngfl sii<br /> sv( thdi ky niy. co't yeu nha't la phai lay dfldc ngfldi ngay<br /> thing, khdng sd quyen the, khdng ne t h i n<br /> 1. Tieu chuan tuyen chon va bien che<br /> quen, d i m ban d i m ndi (3). Trieu dinh Le<br /> Trong h i n g ngfl cic quan lai dfldc phep sd da nhieu lan ban hanh cic quy dinh cu<br /> bin viec trieu chinh, cic quan d Ngfl sii dii the ve viec tuyen chgn chflc quan b Ngfl sii<br /> dfldc xep d vi tri diu. Thing 11 n i m 1487, dai tfl k h i u de bat den k h i u s i t hach sau<br /> vua Le Thinh Tdng d i ndi ro ve quy dinh bd nhiem. Vi du: t h i n g 3 n i m 1497, vua Le<br /> thfl tfl cac trieu t h i n ban viec nhfl sau: Hien Tdng da ra sic lenh cho tuyen nhflng<br /> "Khi ndo cd sdc chi nhd vua truyin hoi viec tien si nio cd thanh tich ve chinh tri de bd<br /> gi, thi trUdc het cdc quan d Luc Khoa vd gifl chflc d Ngfl sii dii, sic lenh neu ro: "Tii<br /> Ngu sU ddi, tha den cdc quan trong Luc bd, nay, Cdp sU trung trong Luc khoa vd Gidm<br /> Luc tu, lgi tha niia den cdc quan dUOc sdt ngu sit, neu cd khuyet nggch, thi bg Lgi<br /> phong tUdc cdng, tudc hau, tudc bd vd dd chgn cdc quan trong kinh sU, ngodi cdc dgo<br /> ddc trong ngd phd. Cdc vien chac ketrcn ca ngUdi ndo do tien si xuat thdn md la ngUdi<br /> theo tha tu md bdn ludn, cdt lam the ndo liem khiet, cdn mdn, cing rdn, ngay thdng,<br /> cho ldi bdn ludn dugc ro rdng, khdng ai cd thdnh tich ve chinh tri, thi cat nhdc lUa<br /> dugc phu hga theo dudi y nghla cdu ndi ciia bd. NgUdi dy gia chac du mgt ndm se do Dd<br /> <br /> <br /> ^^PGS.TS. Khoa Lich sii - Trfldng Dai hgc Sfl pham H i Noi<br /> " Th.S. Khoa Lich sfl - Trfldng Dai hoc Sfl pham Ha Noi<br /> Bai quan (hdi Le so 35<br /> <br /> ngu sa ddi xet nghiem vi sU trgng dd ldm, trfldng hdp Phan Thien Tfldc, Nguyin Vinh<br /> rdi tdu bdy ddy du. Neu xet ra ngUdi ndo cd Tich, Dinh Canh An, Lflu Phuc Khiem).<br /> the diing dUOc se cho giU chac nhU cii, Giim sit ngfl sii (nhfl trfldng hdp Nguyen<br /> ngUdi ndo khdng the diing dUOc se ddi sang Chieu Phu, Cao Md, Nguyen Cfl Dao, Pham<br /> giu chac khdc" (4). Duy Ninh, Nguyen Nhfl Do, LflOng Nhfl<br /> Dai quan thdi Le sd trai qua cic giai Hoc, D i n Phuc Ll),,,<br /> ddan khic nhau, cd sfl thay doi ve chflc Sau cuoc cai each h i n h chinh ciia Le<br /> danh v i pham trit. Diu thdi Le sd, td chflc<br /> Thanh Tdng, cic chflc quan thugc Ngfl sii<br /> bg miy nha nfldc va quan che ve cd ban v i n<br /> dai dfldc che dat ro rang hdn ve ca chflc vu,<br /> gio'ng nhfl thdi T r i n - Hd nen chflc quan<br /> pham t r i t v i so' Ifldng bien che, Thdng qua<br /> Ngfl sii dii cung dfldc dat nhfl dfldi thdi<br /> viec siia dinh quan che thdi Hdng Dflc cd<br /> Tran. Lich triiu hien chU&ng logi chi ciia<br /> the hinh dung cd ci'u td chflc cua Ngfl sii<br /> Phan Huy Chfl viet: "Ddi Le sa, Thdi To<br /> dai tfl thdi vua Le Thanh Tdng trd di nhfl<br /> diing nUdc, theo quan che cu. ciia nhd Trdn,<br /> bang 1.<br /> vdn ddt NgU sa ddi cd cdc chac Thi ngii sa,<br /> Trung thaa, Phd Trung thia, Gidm sdt ngii Bang 1 cho thi'y, tfl thdi Hdng Dflc trieu<br /> sa, Chu bg" (5). Rieng chflc Giam sit ngfl Le, cd ci'u td chflc ciia Ngfl sii dii d i trd<br /> <br /> Bang 1: Cd cau to chufc cua Ngijf sii dai thdi vua Le Thanh Tong<br /> Chi/c d a n h Do n ^ sii Pho Do Thiem Do Chieu De hinh Giam sat Ngvc thiia Sb<br /> <br /> ngU sii ngU sO( ma Giam sat ngvl svf 13 an ngyc Ng\f<br /> ng\i 8\i dao 8\1 dai<br /> <br /> P h a m tr^t Chanh Chanh tii Chanh ngii . Tong Chanh thfi't C h a n h tha't Chanh ciiu<br /> tam ph6ra ph&m pham bat ph&ra pham pham<br /> ph&m<br /> Bien che 01 01 01 01 02 26 01<br /> (ngUoli)<br /> <br /> Nguon: Thien Nam dU ha tap (tap X, phdn Quan ch& vd Le trieu quan che (6)<br /> <br /> sii thi tuy deu t i p trung d kinh dd, song nen k h i hoin hi, cic chflc Dii quan dflgc<br /> mdi ngfldi cd nhiem vu phai giam sat cac che dat v i quy dinh k h i rd r i n g trong bg<br /> quan d tflng dao cua minh. Bi'y gid cd Giim miy quan lai trieu dinh ndi chung. Vay<br /> sat ngfl sii cua n i m dao bao gdm Tiy dao nhflng vi Dai quan n i y cd chflc trich va<br /> Ngfl sii dii, Ddng dao Ngfl sii dai, Bic dao quyen han gi?<br /> Ngfl sii dai, Nam dao Ngfl sv( dai va Hai 2. Quyen han, chijtc t r a c h va nghia vu<br /> tay dao Ngfl sii dii.<br /> Lich triiu hien chiicfng logi chi da viet ve<br /> Tfl thdi Le Thai To den Le Nghi Dan quyen han cua Ngfl sii dai nhfl sau: "Ddn<br /> (1428-1460), cic chflc danh Ngfl SL( dii hgc cdc quan, ndi bdn ve chinh sii hien thdi.<br /> dfldc sii cu nhic den bao gdm: Ngfl sii Phdm cdc quan ldm trdi phep, chinh sU<br /> Trung thfla (nhfl trfldng hdp Pham Du), hien thdi cd thieu sdt, diu dugc xet hgc<br /> Ngfl sii Phd Trung thfla (nhfl trfldng hdp trinh bdy, ciing la xet bdn ve thdnh tich cua<br /> Nguyin Thien Hflu), Thi ngfl sii (nhfl cdc nha mdn Di llnh, Phu dodn, Trdn thu,<br /> 35 Rghien ciJru Lich sit. s6' 10.2010<br /> <br /> LUu thit, Thaa ty vd xet hdi cdc vu kien vi la viec hgc, h a n g n g a y thfldng cflng vdi bgn<br /> ngUdi quyen quy d kinh ac hiep, vi ngiidi h i u can chdi dfla d t r o n g cung, Vua lai yeu<br /> cai qudn hd Igm" (7). Theo khao s i t cua dflng bgn h o a n quan. Q u a n Dai tfl dd Le<br /> ngfldi viet thi Dai q u a n thdi Le sd cd nhflng S i t xin giet di, v u a k h d n g n g h e n e n c i o d'm<br /> chflc trach va quyen h a n cu the dfldi d i y : k h d n g v i o chau. Dai q u a n P h a n Thien<br /> Tfldc t i u r i n g : "Cdc de vUdng xUa sd dl<br /> 2.1. Chiic trdch vd quyen han chinh<br /> thdnh dae ngdy mgt them len, chUa cd bdc<br /> Gop y vd can gidn vua siia sang chinh ndo Id khdng do hgc vd'n. Huong chi be hg<br /> lenh du&ng luc tre, tri dgo cua ddi xUa nay chUa<br /> biet dii het, bgn Dgi tU dd Le Sdt chgn lay<br /> Tfl thdi Le T h i i To, n h a vua da cho phep<br /> nho thdn vdo hau ben cgnh vi cd y mudn be<br /> cic q u a n gifl chflc "ngon quan" dfldc phep<br /> hg dugc nhu vua Nghieu, vua Thuan md<br /> ti'u b i y , gdp y n e u "thd'y trdm cd chinh lenh<br /> thdi, sao be hg lgi khdng nghi den tdng<br /> hd khdc, thue md ndng ni, hgi cho lUcfng<br /> mieu xd tdc md trdi long trung thdnh ciia<br /> ddn, thudng cdng phgt tdi khdng dung,<br /> hg, de cho hg lo nghi md khdng vdo chdu"<br /> khdng theo phep xUa..." (8). Vua Thai Tong<br /> (12). Nhflng ldi t a u cua cic D i i q u a n cd the<br /> cung chieu du cho ba q u a n neu tha'y viec<br /> dfldc vua n g h e theo, cung cd the vua khdng<br /> lam cua minh c6 gi ldi l i m thi dfldc p h e p<br /> nghe nhflng da la ngdn q u a n thi khdng the<br /> "can gidn ro rdng, giup chd thieu sot" (9).<br /> khong lam trdn nghia vu ciia bac be tdi "giU<br /> T h i n g 5 n a m 1456, vua Le N h a n Tdng tiep<br /> chdc dn ndi". Ckc Dai q u a n thdi Le sd<br /> tuc b a n chieu r i n day t r a m q u a n phai can<br /> thfldng cd ldi can g i i n vua trong hai trfldng<br /> t h a n lam tren chflc vu ciia minh, trong dd<br /> hdp: Mgt Id, gdp y vdi vua khi b a n t h i n nha<br /> yeu c i u : "Cdc quan d NgU sa ddi thi nen<br /> vua cd nhflng k h i e m k h u y e t (trong thdi<br /> giiip vua saa dieu ldi, chQa diiu ldm, tra bo<br /> quen, phong t h i i va c i c h h i n h xii); Hai Id,<br /> dieu dc, bieu dUcfng dieu thien..." (10).<br /> gdp y vdi vua n e u c i c quyet s i c h cua vua<br /> Thflc te cho tha'y cac Dai q u a n ngfl sii la chfla dfldc c h u a n mflc (trong c i c h dflng<br /> nhflng ngfldi d i u tien gifl trgng t r i c h gdp y, ngfldi, c i c h thfldng p h a t trieu thin...). Vdi<br /> k h u y e n can vua neu thi'y ban t h a n n h a chflc t r i c h nhfl vay, cac D i i q u a n thdi Le sd<br /> vua ndi rieng va viec trieu chinh ndi c h u n g ve cd b a n ludn t i n t i m p h u n g sfl giup chd<br /> cd viec gi thieu sdt. O phfldng dien nay, cac cac H o i n g de n h a n r a h a n che cua minh de<br /> Dai q u a n thdi Le da lam k h a td't chflc t r i c h t u t h a n , tri qud'c,<br /> cua ngfldi gifl chflc p h i n "ngon quan".<br /> Ddn hgc (13) sai phgm cua quan lgi<br /> T h i n g gieng n i m 1435, n h a n t h a y v u a<br /> T h i i Tdng co p h i n mai chdi, chfla c h i m chi Trong s i c du h i e u dinh q u a n che ngay<br /> hgc h a n h , phong t h i i t h i e t trieu chfla 26 t h i n g 9 n a m 1471 da ndi ro chflc t r i c h<br /> nghiem chinh, c i c ngon q u a n l i P h a n cua Ngfl sv( d i i l i "chdn chinh mgi sai<br /> Thien Tich, Lfldng Thiem Phflc, Nguyen phgm cua bdch quan, ldm ro mgi dn tinh<br /> Chieu Phii d i chi r a 6 dieu khdng nen cua cita bdch tinh" (14). Phfldng dien bad q u i t<br /> n h a vua va k h u y e n vua n e n "ldy dung nghi thugc chflc t r i c h n i y cua D i i q u a n k h i<br /> nghiem chinh cua thien ta md kinh ngUdi rdng, t r o n g k h u o n khd b i i viet nhd n i y ,<br /> dgi thdn, chgn ngUdi cd cdng, nghe ldi can ngfldi viet chi n e u ma'y phfldng dien ndi b i t<br /> thdng" (11), Tuy nhien, vua T h i i Tdng bi'y sau diy:<br /> gid cdn d tudi h a m chdi n e n cd p h i n v i n Id •t- Hgc tgi cdc quan lgi ldm trdi phong<br /> Bai quan thdi Le so 37<br /> <br /> hoa vd cdc quy dinh cua trieu dinh. con tham Igc vi, khdng cd liem xi, hgi den<br /> phong hda nen diu bdt vi, cdc dgi thdn<br /> Thing 12 nim 1434, Ngdn quan l i Phan<br /> phdi ciing nhau xin ta chac vd dUOc vua<br /> Thien Tfldc ding sd hac tgi Tien tdng quan<br /> Le Thu ve cic viec: dang cd quoc tang m i phe chudn" (17).<br /> li'y vd, lim nha ciia to, sai ngfldi nha ra cdi -I- Hgc tgi cdc quan lgi tham d, long<br /> ngoai mua b i n rieng vdi ngfldi nfldc ngdii. quyin, ket be ddng.<br /> Sau khi sai dieu tra xet hdi them, vua ne<br /> Cd nhieu d i n chflng cho thi'y tinh trang<br /> Thu l i bic Huin t h i n nen tha cic tgi khic<br /> quan lai long quyen, ket be dang dfldi thdi<br /> cho Thu, "chi tich thu so' 15 Igng vdng, 100<br /> Le sd khong phai l i chuyen hi hflu, Trong<br /> lang bgc mua rieng thdi vd sdc cho ngUdi<br /> dd, tieu bieu nhi't l i trfldng hdp ciia Le Sat,<br /> thiep cua Thu Id Trinh Thi phdi rut khdi<br /> Bi'y gid, Le Sat la quan Dai tfl dd, mgi viec<br /> hd tich cho chudc lgi ldm ngUdi ngodi" (15),<br /> lim deu td rd sfl ldng quyen cua minh "tU<br /> Mgt vi du khic: thing gieng nam 1449,<br /> chuyen gia quyin binh, ghet ngUdi hiin,<br /> quan Dien trung Thi ngfl sii da hie tau<br /> ghen ngUdi tdi, giet Nhdn Chu de ra oai<br /> tham sfl trieu chinh Le Bi t i p nghi thflc<br /> minh, trud't Trinh Khd de ngUdi ta phuc,<br /> trii ll, Thie'u bao Le Sao li'n vfldt mi't thfl<br /> bdi chac tudc cda Lf Ddi khien trieu dinh<br /> tfl, Ll bg Thfldng thfl Dio Cdng Soan<br /> khdng ai ddm ndi, dudi Cdm Ho ra ncfi bien<br /> khdng biet x6t t i u len, deu phai phat tien<br /> thiiy khien gidn quan diu phdi cdm mdm".<br /> theo cic thfl bic khic nhau (16), Cic din<br /> Hinh vi cua Le Sat da hi Dii quan Dinh ,<br /> chflng niy cho thay thflc te vai trd "giU gin<br /> Canh An v i Le Vinh Tich hie ring: "Le Sdt<br /> phdp do" ciia cic Dii quan thdi Le sd,<br /> cd chieu mudn chuyen quyen, tgi dy khd<br /> + Hgc tgi cdc quan lgi lUdi bieng, tham dung tha dUc/c" (18). Ldi hie ciia cac Dai<br /> quyin cd'vi. quan da dfldc vua phe chuan. Thing 6 nim<br /> 1437, vua Thii Tdng xud'ng chieu bii bd<br /> Thing 11 nim 1489, vua sai De hinh<br /> chflc tfldc cua Dai tfl dd Le Sit. Mgt thing<br /> Giim s i t ngfl sii khim xdt quan lai Bg<br /> sau vua lai xud'ng chieu b i t Le Sit phai tfl<br /> Hinh, ngfldi nio Ifldi bieng gian tham, tha<br /> tii d n h i vdi tgi danh ci'u ket be dang<br /> hay hoan tu tgi thi lim ban tau len, theo<br /> "ngdm nudi bgn si ta, mUu hgi ngUdi trung<br /> luit tri tgi. Khdng chi dd x6t cic quan lai<br /> lugng, mUu kehiem gido, ddu tich gian phi<br /> dfldng chflc Ifldi bieng viec cong, cic Dii<br /> ngdy mgt Id ro". Keo theo dd, mgt loat cac<br /> quan cdn hie tgi mgt so' dai t h i n tudi da<br /> quan chflc than thich dfldc coi la be dang<br /> gia nhflng cdn tham quyen cd' vi, khong<br /> cua Le Sit nhfl Duy Ding Die, Le Van<br /> chiu tri si (nghi hflu) m i vin gifl chflc,<br /> Linh, Le Linh, Le Thu, Le E, Le Hieu, Le<br /> khdng giup dfldc ich gi cho trieu dinh. Dgi<br /> Bing, deu bi tri tgi. Trong vu an Le Sit,<br /> Viet sa ky todn thU ghi lai sfl kien thing 4<br /> cic Dii quan d i cd cdng khong nhd trong<br /> nim 1449, Ddng tham nghi chinh sfl la Cao<br /> viec dung cam di'u tranh vdi thdi long<br /> Doan Cung, Trinh HoIng Nghi, Nguyen B i<br /> quyen, keo be ket dang cua cic te t h i n<br /> Thanh, Mai Tfl Kiet cung nghi viec.<br /> nhim lung doan trieu dinh.<br /> Nguyen do l i bdi: "Ddi quan LUu Thue<br /> Khiem vd Nguyin Cu Dgo, Hgc Dodn Cung Ben canh dd, cic quan Ngfl sii dii thdi<br /> vd Hdng Nghi d chac chinh vien dgi thdn Le sd cung di'u tranh ri't quyet liet vdi hien<br /> md chi gia chac ldm vi dn khdng, khdng tfldng tham nhung trong trieu dinh. Cic<br /> giup ich gi, tudi qud 70, mdt Ida, tai diec. vua thdi Le die biet dfldi thdi Le Thinh<br /> 3a Rghien ciru Lich sit, s610.2010<br /> <br /> Tdng da ban nhieu sic du ve viec giao Viec p h i t giic v i to' cio kip thdi cac hien<br /> quyen cho cac Dai quan, Giim s i t ngfl sii tfldng tham d cu the nhfl vay cho tha'y cic<br /> trong viec phat hien va cio giic nhflng Dai quan thdi n i y da k h i tich cflc trong<br /> trfldng hdp tham nhung. Thing 5 n i m viec p h i t huy vai trd cua minh trong cic cd<br /> 1481, vua Le Thanh Tdng ha lenh cho cac quan thanh tra, giim sat quan lai thdi Le.<br /> quan dia phfldng khad xet: "NgUdi ndo<br /> 2.2. ChUa trdch vd nghia vu khdc<br /> trUdc kia cd nhiing Igm, tuy khdng cd hinh<br /> tich thiic nhUng ai ai cdng biet, ciing Id Thdm xet hinh dn vd "cdng ddng" thu li<br /> ngitdi liem khiet khdng ldm thdi tham 6, ke xadn<br /> ra tUng logi tdu lin cd, giao cho Gidm sdt Trong cic cdng viec thanh tra, giim sit<br /> ngii sd cdc dgo xet lgi dung thiic ldm bdn ndi chung thi viec t h i m xet hinh i n (d ci'p<br /> tdu len, se khu xa de khuyen rdn" (19), trung fldng) cflng l i chflc trich khong kem<br /> Thing 5, n i m 1484, vua Thanh Tdng lai cd phan quan trgng ciia cic quan Ngfl s'li dii.<br /> sic chi cho cac quan dd ddc phu, quan 3 ty Nim 1437, vua Thii Tdng d i cd chi du<br /> Do - Thfla - Hien trong vdng 3 thing phai ring: "Phdm ngUdi xet dn cd theo diiu<br /> ke khai ro ngfldi nao thanh liem, ke nao chinh trong lugt md xd dn, dieu lugt vd tdi<br /> tham nhung de giii len cho Ngfl svt dii xet danh phdi ldy d hinh lugt, rdi trinh len cdc<br /> lai m i thi hanh khu xii, quan dgi thdn, thdi gidm, ddi quan vd ndm<br /> Ngay ca d giai doan cud! trieu Le sd dgo cdng dong xem qua, cdc quan dy cho Id<br /> (thing 7 n i m 1501), vua Hien Tdng v i n phdi thi sau mdi xi dodn" (22). Chi du tren<br /> da xic dinh Ngfl sif dai quan l i mgt bg<br /> ban sic du rang "quan lgi cd ngUdi ndo qud<br /> phan cd yeu cflng vdi cic cd quan, bg phin<br /> Id tham d nhung nhieu, gian trd lUdi bieng,<br /> khic cung cd trach nhiem thim x6t hinh<br /> tham tang cd bdng chdng dich thiic thi gai<br /> in. Dieu n i y giup tranh dfldc cic vu xii<br /> cho bg lgi xet thiic nhU le tri tgi. Quan thda<br /> kien hi oan uong do mgt vii ci n h i n dim<br /> hien ngUdi ndo qud vi dn odn dut lot md ke<br /> li'y sfl thien tfl m i xet xii. Vdi chflc ning<br /> tail khong cdng de den ndi thien dc ldn ldn,<br /> tham xet hinh i n nhfl vay, cic Dii quan<br /> cdng tgi khdng dung sU thiic thi cdc quan<br /> gdp phan khong nhd vio viec cho'ng hien<br /> khoa, ddi xet thiic tdu hgc ten, se giao xet<br /> tfldng xii i n bfla bai, giy oan uong cho<br /> hdi" (20), Vdi chflc trach dan hie tgi tham<br /> n h i n dan. Ben canh do, cac Dii quan ngfl<br /> nhflng cua cic quan da dfldc trieu dinh quy<br /> sii cdn cd nghia vu phoi hdp vdi cic cd quan<br /> dinh rd nhfl vay, cac Dai quan thdi Le sd da<br /> chflc ning khic kiem tra tien trinh x^ i n<br /> thu thap bing chflng va dfla ra i n h sing<br /> xem cd dflng ky han hay khong, Nim 1498,<br /> nhieu hien tfldng quan lai tham d, ldi dung<br /> vua Hien Tong ra sic du quy dinh ring:<br /> chflc quyen de tfl ldi, Ddn cii vi du sau: Cac viec kien dfl khd xet thi bg Hinh, ty<br /> Thing 5 n i m 1456, Ngfl sii Trung thfla Dinh fly va cac quan xet kien vin phai cd<br /> Pham Du, Phd Trung thfla Trinh Vin Huy, ging theo dung ky han ma xet xii cho xong,<br /> Giim s i t ngfl sii l i bgn Trinh Xic, Bui Hflu ai dim de chim qua ky han thi cudi nim<br /> hac tau quan linh quan nghia vu ve l i cic quan phu trach cflng De hinh giim sit<br /> Nguyin Nghien Thdng trong ky t i p quin ngfl sii tau hie len de tri tgi, Trfldng hdp<br /> nim nay sai quan nhan lam viec tfl, cdn thi cac quan lai nay lai vi tinh rieng dung tflng<br /> cho ve n h i de li'y tien cho minh, xin tri tgi thi cho dfldng quan Ngfl sii dii va The s i t<br /> de r i n ngfldi khic (21). xa nhan tiep tuc lam ban t i u len de tri tgi<br /> Bai quantticfiLeso 39<br /> <br /> nhfl l u i t (23). Mat khac, neu tren thflc te cd lenh Ilia thdi quan vien" thi dieu thfl 3 quy<br /> nhieu vu i n hi bd dgng do Hinh quan lim dinh ring: Neu trUdng quan cdc nha mdn<br /> khdng xue thi trieu dinh se chia bdt cho xet ngUdi hay dd khdng dung thiic thi sdu<br /> Dii quan va cic bg p h i n khic cung nhau khoa, NgU su: ddi vd Hien ty kiem xet tdu<br /> x6t x^, giai quyet. Vi du, tfl n i m Nham Ty len tri tgi (25). Thing gieng n i m 1489, vua<br /> (1445) den nam Dinh Mao (1447) d Ngu Thinh Tdng lai ra sic chi ring: Viec bao cii<br /> hinh vien da cd 125 i n tdn dgng chfla dfldc quan ty d bg Hinh thi do Luc bg, hai ty<br /> xet xii. Thflc te i'y buoc cic dai t h i n phai Thfla - Hien cflng "cdng ddng bao cii" ma<br /> bin chia sd i n bd dgng i'y cho cac quan d dfla len, nhflng neu ngfldi nao dim vi tinh<br /> Ngfl sii dii v i Ngu hinh vien cflng cdng rieng hay tien bac ma bao cii ngfldi khdng<br /> ddng ddi chieu x6t xii cho chdng xong (24). td't thi Luc khoa va Giim s i t ngfl sii dd xet<br /> Nhfl vay, Dii quan lai phai ganh vie chflc dfldc sfl thflc t i u hie len, se theo luat tri tgi<br /> trich kiem nhiem nhfl l i mgt Hinh quan. (26). Dae biet, do! vdi cic quan Thfla - Hien<br /> Chflc trich niy gdp p h i n lam ting them vi d dia phfldng, Dai quan ngfl sii cd hai chflc<br /> tri quan trgng cua cic Dii quan ngfl sii trich song song: 1. Trflc tiep tham gia khao<br /> trong cong viec trieu chinh thdi Le sd. khda cic quan Thfla - Hien cic dao; 2.<br /> Kiem tra giim s i t cong viec khao khda cua<br /> Gidm sdt viec tuyen chgn, khdo hgch<br /> quan Thfla - Hien ddi vdi cic quan phu<br /> quan lgi<br /> huyen d ci'p dfldi (27). Dieu niy mgt lin<br /> Viec x6t bd, tuyen thai quan lai thdi Le nfla cho thi'y trong cac ca'p thanh tra, giim<br /> sd die biet dfldi thdi Le Thinh Tdng do s i t quan lai dfldi thdi Le, cic Dai quan ngfl<br /> nhieu cd quan cflng phd'i hdp va chiu trach sii Cd chflc ning giim s i t tdi cao,<br /> nhiem nhfl cic ty Thfla - Hien d dia<br /> phfldng, Luc bg, Luc khoa, Ngfl sii dai. Ldm gidm khdo cdc cudc thi Dinh vd di<br /> Trong dd, Ngfl sii dii l i mgt trong cic cd sa khi dugc phdn cdng<br /> quan gifl vai trd quan trgng trong viec giim Ngoii chflc n i n g chinh la ngon quan gifl<br /> sit qua trinh tuyen chgn quan lai d ci'p vai trd thanh tra, giim s i t quan lai, cic<br /> trung fldng. Nha nfldc thdi Le da nhieu lin quan Ngfl sii dii cdn dfldc chi dinh lam cic<br /> ban chi du quy dinh ro trich nhiem niy. cdng viec kiem nhiem khi n h i vua yeu ciu,<br /> Thing 9 n i m 1478, trong ba dieu ve "dinh Hau het trong so' cic cuoc thi Dinh (Dien<br /> <br /> Bang 2: Sii gop mat cua cac quan Ngii sii dai trong cac lan thi Dinh<br /> Ddi v u a Ky t h i n&ra D a i q u a n A\i