Dấu ấn Việt hoá trong nho giáo thời Trần

DAU AN VIET HOA TRONG NHO GIAO THdl TRAN<br /> <br /> D6 HirONG THAO*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. TU viec dUa ngUdi Viet N a m v a o ldm Vdn Mieu, ddp tUcfng Khdng Tit, Chu<br /> p h d i t h d d V a n Mieu T h a n g L o n g Cdng vd Td phdt, ve tUcfng Thdt thap nhi<br /> Cd mat d Viet Nam tQ trUde Cdng hien, bd'n miia cdng ti'. Hodng thdi til den<br /> nguyen (1) cung vdi thdi diem ngUdi Han hgc d ddy" (Q).<br /> ddn Viet Nam va tidp tyc dUde truyen ba Diing 300 nfim sau khi thfinh lfip, den<br /> trong thdi ky Bfic thupe, Nho giao dupc du thdi T r i n , Vfin Mieu Thfing Long mang<br /> nhfip vao Viet Nam nhfim dap Qng yeu ciu trong minh n6t mdi vdi viec ba ngudi Vi$t<br /> thdng trj ciia chinh quyen phUdng Bic. Vdi Nam Ifi Chu Vdn An, TrUcfng Hdn Siiu vfi<br /> tu each la san pham cua chinh quyen Dd Tie Binh dUdc dUa vfio phoi thd b day,<br /> phUdng Bac, dudi dang thQc tidp xuc vfi ngofii nhQng dai dipn cua Nho giao Trung<br /> giao luu van hda cUdng bQc nen anh hudng Hoa da dUde nhfi L^ cho thd phyng.<br /> ciia Nho giao trong xa hpi Viet Nam luc<br /> nfiy cdn rat ban chd. Cho den d i u thd ky X, NgUdi Vipt Nam d i u tien dupc nhfi Trin<br /> gidi Nho sT vfin cdn it di vfi ehUa trd thfinh dua vao phdi thd cl Vfin Mieu Ifi Chu Vfin<br /> mpt lUc lUdng xa hpi dang ke (2). An. Nfim 1370, thdi vua T r i n Nghp Tong,<br /> sau khi mfit, Chu Vfin An "dUcfc truy tdng<br /> Den the ky XI, van la he qua cua qua<br /> tudc Vdn Trinh cdng, ban cho tdng tU d Van<br /> trinh tidp xuc va giao lUu vdi van hda Han,<br /> Mieu" (7).<br /> nhUng b dang thQc tiep xuc vfi giao luu ty<br /> nguyen/ty nhien, khi viec xay dyng va phat Chu Vfin An (1292 - 1370) Ifi ngUdi lfing<br /> trien da't nude thdi dpc lfip tU chu trd thfinh thdn Van, xa Quang Lipt, huypn Thanh<br /> mpt yeu ciu cap bach thi nhfi Ly da chu Tri, nay thupc qufin Hofing Mai, Hfi Npi.<br /> dpng tidp nhfin, sQ dyng Nho giao Ifim cho 6 n g Ifi t h i y giao cua Thai tvf T r i n Vupng -<br /> dya cho viee td chQc nha nudc, quan ly xa sau Ifi vua T r i n Hien Tdng vfi Ifi mpt trong<br /> hpi, xay dung va cung cd' ehd dp quan chu nhQng vj Tu nghipp d i u tien ciia trUdng<br /> tfip quyen. Mpt trong nhQng bieu hien dd Ifi Quoc Tvt Giam. Ong cdn Ifi tac gia ciia bO<br /> viec trieu Ly cho dung Van mieu b Thfing Td thu thuyet Udc, tdm tfit bdn bp sach ldn<br /> Long thd Khdng TQ - ngudi sang Ifip ra hpc Ifi \jugn NgQ, Dgi hgc, Trung Dung, vfi<br /> thuyet Nho giao va cac hpe trd xuat sic eua Manh Tic dung lfim giao trinh giang d^y<br /> dng (TQ phdi (3), Thap triet (4) vfi Thfi't cho ngQdi Viet. Cd the ndi Chu Vfin An Ifi<br /> thfip nhi hien (5)): "Mua thu, thdng Tdm ngudi cd nhQng ddng gdp khdng nhd cho sy<br /> <br /> <br /> 'Th.S. Khoa Lich sQ - Trudng Dai hpc KHXH&NV - DHQGHN<br /> D5U fin Vi^t hda h-ong Rho gi6o. 27<br /> <br /> nghiep giao dye thdi T r i n . Ong cung Ifi mdt Ong cung Ifi mdt trong nhQng dai dien<br /> nhfi Nho khfing khai, dung cam vfi trung eua Nho giao thdi Trin, dQng tren lap<br /> tryc bdi chfnh dng la ngUdi tQng dang Thdt trUdng, quan diem cua Nho giao de phe<br /> trdm sd, de nghj nhfi vua cho ch^m bay ten phan hp tu tUdng khae trong dd cd Phat<br /> njnh t h i n de giQ yen tinh hinh chfnh sU giao. Trong bfii bia b chua Khai Nghiem,<br /> trong nUdc. Bic Giang do dng soan ed doan viet: "Hien<br /> Ca ngpi dng, Ngd Si Lien viet: "Hay Idy nay thdnh trieu dem gido hod nhd vua nhU<br /> Vdn Trinh md ndi, thd vua td't thang thdn ccfn gid thdi lin di chdn chinh phong tuc<br /> can ngdn, xudt xit thi ldm theo nghia ly, ddi bgi, thi di doan cdn bo, chinh dgo nen<br /> ddo tgo nhdn tdi thi cdng khanh diu d cita theo. Phdm ke si phu khdng phdi dgo<br /> dng md ra, tii't thdo cao thUcfng thi thiin tit Nghiiu Thudn khdng nen tdu d trUdc vua;<br /> cung thi'bdt ldm tdi dUdc. Huong chi tU thi khdng phdi dgo Khdng Mgnh khdng nen<br /> dudng hodng md dgo ldm thdy dUcic chep thdnh sdch; thi' md [nhieu ke khdng<br /> nghiim, gigng ndi ldm Hit md bgn ninh hdt ldm the] cd cham cham ldm rdm niem Phdt<br /> phdi so. Ngdn ndm vi sau, nghe phong do thi hdng ndi ddi ai?" (10).<br /> cua dng, hd khdng ldm cho ke diiu ngoa<br /> TrUdng Han Sieu tho'ng linh quan Than<br /> thdnh liim chinh, ngUdi yiu hen ba't tii ldp<br /> Sach trfi'n thu Hoa Chau, sau mac benh, trd<br /> dUcfc hay sao? ... Ong thiic ddng dUOc coi Id<br /> ve roi ehdt, dupe tfing Thai phd (11).<br /> dng td cua cdc nhd nho nUdc Viet ta md thd<br /> vdo Vdn Mii'u" (8). Nfim 1380, dudi trieu vua Trin Phe Dd,<br /> ngUdi Vipt Nam thQ 3 va la ngudi Vipt Nam<br /> Mpt nfim sau khi Chu Vfin An dupc dUa<br /> cuoi cQng dupe dua vao phdi thd d Vfin<br /> vfio thd t^i Vfin Mieu Thfing Long, nfim<br /> Mieu. Dd la Do Tu Binh (12).<br /> 1371, cung dudi thdi vua T r i n Nghp Tdng,<br /> ngudi Vipt Nam thQ 2 Ifi TrUdng Han Sieu NhQng ghi eh6p trong Dgi Viet sd ky<br /> tidp tyc dupc ban cho "tdng tU d mieu todn thu ve Do TQ Binh chi eho biet dng Ifi<br /> Khdng Tii' (9). ngudi da tQng trai qua cac chQc Ngy tien<br /> TrUdng Han Sieu, ty Ifi Thfing Phu, hpc sinh, Thj giang, giQ viec Vien Xu mfit,<br /> ngUdi xa Phuc Am, huypn Yen lOianh, tinh dong Tri mdn Ha Binh ChUdng sU, Hanh<br /> Ninh Binh. Ong tQng lfim quan dudi bdn khien vfi cd nhiem vy tra'n gid d Hda Chau<br /> trieu vua nha T r i n Ifi: T r i n Anh Tdng, de ngfin ngQa Chiem Thanh qua'y rd^i.<br /> Trin Minh Tdng, T r i n Hien Tdng, vfi T r i n Tuy nhien, Khdm dinh Viet sd thong<br /> Dy Tdng. gidm cUcfng mue da cung cfi'p them thdng<br /> TrUdng Han Sidu da tCmg giQ chQc Hfin tin ve que quan cua Do TQ Binh. O mue "Idi<br /> lam vipn hpc si, Ifi ngUdi cQng coi, gidi vfin chua" cua sy kien nfim 1348 khi Do TQ<br /> ehUdng chfnh sy. Ong cQng Nguyen Trung Binh dupc bd dung lam Thi giang cd ghi:<br /> Ngan bien djnh bp Hodng triiu dgi diin, "Tit Binh: ChUa rd ngUdi d ddu. Sdch An<br /> khao soan bp Hinh thU. Ong Ifi tae gia cua Nam chi cua Cao Hung TrUng. nhd Minh<br /> bfii phu Sdng Bgch Dang, khai quat chien chep: "d huyen Co Lan cd vUdn Td Binh,<br /> cdng cua quan dan nhfi T r i n chdng quan trong vUdn cd mai, true, khe sudi vd hd ao,<br /> Nguyen. Vdi uy tin vfi hpc vfi'n eua minh, Id mdt chd thdng cdnh trong huyen de du<br /> TrUdng Han Sieu da dupc cac vua Trfin thudng". Nhu the cd le Tu: Binh Id ngUdi<br /> tQng gpi b i n g Thiy. huyin Co Lan? Huyen Co Lan tdc Id Ddng<br /> 28 HghlSn curu Lich sir, sg 8.2009<br /> <br /> Quan ngdy nay, thugc tinh Nam Dinh (13)" qud'e da tiep nhfin vfi khai thac nhQng yeu<br /> (14). td Nho giao eho phu hdp vdi xa hpi vfi dfi't<br /> nUdc minh, phai 'Taan dja hda" (18). Nho<br /> Nhu vfiy, chi rieng trong mpt trieu dai -<br /> giao dUdc ngUdi Viet tidp nhfin "khdng bfin<br /> trieu T r i n - cung mpt luc da cd 3 ngUdi<br /> nhieu ve ly lufin phQc tap, mfi ehu trpng<br /> Viet dupe dUa vao phdi thd d Van Mieu ben<br /> vao cung cd'nhan luan hieu de, cung cdnen<br /> canh cac nhfi Nho Trung Hoa. Tuy nhien,<br /> khdng phai ca ba ngUdi nfiy deu dUde tiep kinh td ndng nghiep, cung cd khdi cpng<br /> tyc thd ty cho den ngay nay. NhQng ghi dong gia dinh - hp tpc - xdm lfing, cung cd<br /> ch6p eua Ngd Thi Si trong Dgi Viet sii ky viee hpe hfinh khoa cQ" (19). Npi hfim cua<br /> tiin biin cho biet ddn khoang thd ky XVIII, chQ "trung", "hieu", "nghia"... cua Nho giao<br /> TrUdng Han Sieu vfi Do TQ Binh khdng cdn Viet Nam khdng hofin toan gidng vdi nghia<br /> dupc tiep tyc thd b Vfin Mieu (15), duy nhfi't gdc ban d i u khi nd dUde du nhfip tQ Trung<br /> cdn mpt minh Chu Van An tidp tyc dupc Qud'e sang.<br /> phdi thd tai giai vu phfa tay nhfi Vfin Mieu 2.2. Tuy nhien, khi ndi ddn dfi'u fi'n Vipt<br /> cung vdi Thfi't thfip nhj hien. hda cua Nho giao Vipt Nam thdi Trin,<br /> ehung tdi mud'n nhfi'n manh ddn sy kipn<br /> Trong p h i n d i u cua bai viet nfiy, ehung<br /> nhfi nUdc phong kien chfnh thQc dQa ngUdi<br /> toi khdng di sau vfio viee lufin giai ly do vi<br /> Viet vao phoi thd tai Vfin Mieu Thfing Long<br /> sao cac nhfi Nho Vipt Nam dUdc chpn vfio<br /> - ndi thd ty hfing d I u trong hp thdng cac di<br /> phdi thd vfi sau nfiy khdng dupe tidp tyc<br /> tich thupc Nho giao.<br /> phdi thd d Vfin Mieu (16) ma chi mud'n<br /> nhfin manh den sy kien nha T r i n da dUa Dfi'u fin Viet hda quan trpng cua Nho<br /> ba ngUdi Vipt Nam vfio phdi thd cung vdi giao b thdi T r i n se the hipn rd n6t hdn khi<br /> nhQng nhfi Nho Trung Hoa - nhQng ngUdi dat trong tUdng quan so sanh vdi trieu L^<br /> da cd cdng sang lap va phat trien Nho giao va trieu Le, nhQng trieu dai dupe coi Ifi dfit<br /> - vfi nhin nd nhU la da'u an Vipt hda cua nen mdng cho sU hinh thfinh vfi phat trien<br /> Nho giao Vipt Nam thdi T r i n . cua Nho giao Viet Nam.<br /> 2. D e n d a u a n Viet h o a ciia Nho giao TrUdc tien ehung ta hay diem lai nhQng<br /> d thdfi T r a n dfi'u mdc quan trpng cua nhfi L^ trong vipc<br /> tao dung nhQng cd sd d i u tien cho sy hinh<br /> 2.1. Dieu dau tien ein khfing djnh la<br /> thanh Nho giao b Viet Nam.<br /> khdng phai ddn nha Trin, Nho giao d Viet<br /> Nam mdi dupe Viet hda. NhU mpt thupc Nfim 1070, nha L^ cho dUng Van Midu<br /> tfnh cua qua trinh tidp xuc va giao lUu van thd Khdng TQ. Mieu thd Khdng Tii nguyen<br /> hda, Nho giao cung nhu cac thfinh td vfin gd'e ed d Trung Qudc. Nam thQ 27, nien<br /> hda khae khi vao Vipt Nam ludn ed xu hipu Khai Nguyen thdi DUdng, Khdng Tii<br /> hudng dupc Vipt hda, dUde bien ddi cho phu dupe phong Ifi Vdn Tuyin VUcfng nen mieu<br /> hdp tu duy, each thQc, ldi sdng eua ngUdi thd Khdng TQ gpi Ifi Vdn Tuyin VUcfng<br /> Vipt. Nhieu khai nipm/quan niem ban d i u mieu. TQ thdi Nguyen, Minh ve sau phd<br /> ciia Nho giao b Trung Hoa da dUde "eai bien gpi la Van mieu (20). Nhu Vfin mieu<br /> bien, mang tinh dan tpc, nhan dan" (17). Thfing Long ciia thdi Ly cd npi dung vfi ten<br /> Ndi each khae la "cac nha Nho Vipt Nam vi gpi gid'ng vdi Vfin midu/Khdng TQ mieu b<br /> cong cupc xay dyng xa hpi vfi bao ve To Trung Qud'e.<br /> Pgu gn Viit h6a h'ong Rho gi6o. 29<br /> <br /> Nfim 1076, Qudc TQ Giam dUde xay vipe de eao Nho giao cua nha Le the hi$n<br /> dyng, trieu L5' chpn "quan viin vdn chdc, tren nhieu Iinh vUe: trieu dinh eho mien<br /> ngUdi ndo biit chd cho vdo Qudc Td Gidm" lao djch vdi nhiing ngudi thi do vfi hpc tap cl<br /> (21). Qudc Tu Giam cung la ten gpi cd Qudc TQ Giam; dinh rd the le, thdi gian cho<br /> nguon gdc sau xa tQ eae trUdng hpc cd tQ cac ky thi HUdng, thi Hpi, thi Dinh; dfit cae<br /> thdi Ha, ThUdng, Chu b Trung Hoa. TQ chQc Ngu Kinh Bac si, ban cfi'p cae ban in<br /> nam 276 TCN, nha Tay Tfi'n, nien hieu Ngu Kinh cua nha nUdc cho Qudc TQ<br /> Hfim Ninh thQ 2, Qudc TQ Giam la trUdng Giam... Trong do vi vua cd nhieu ddng gdp<br /> dfinh rieng cho quy tpc, con em quan lai tQ nha't phai ke den vua Le Thanh Tdng vdi<br /> ngu phdm trd len vfio hpe tfip (22). Nhu vfiy nhQng sQ kipn dang ghi nhfin:<br /> vipe cho xay dyng Van Midu - Qudc TQ<br /> Nfim 1472, vua Le Thanh Tdng cho djnh<br /> Giam eua nhfi Ly ed ban gid'ng vdi md hinh<br /> le tu each eua Tien si (25).<br /> dfi ed b Trung Hoa.<br /> Nfim 1483, nhfi Le eho sua Vfin Mieu -<br /> Nfim 1075, l l n d i u tien trong lich sQ<br /> Qud'e TQ Giam: "ldm dien Dgi Thdnh, ddng<br /> khoa cQ Viet Nam, vua Ly Thanh Tdng cho<br /> vu, tay vu d Vdn Mii'u, cung dien Canh<br /> td chQc khoa thi Minh kinh Bac hpe vfi thi<br /> Phuc, kho chda vdn in, kho chda dd ti'le,<br /> Nho hpc tam trUdng (23) de tuyen lya nhan<br /> ddng tay dUdng nhd Minh Ludn" (26).<br /> tfii. Vipc td chQc thi cQ ciia nha Ly cung<br /> khdng nam ngoai sy md phong eua phudng Nfim 1484, lln d i u tien vua Le Thanh<br /> phap lya chpn nhan tai cua Trung Hoa. TQ Tdng cho dyng bia da tai Vfin Midu ghi ten<br /> thdi Tuy trd ve trUdc (tQc Ifi trUde the ky tudi, que quan cua nhQng ngUdi do Tien si,<br /> VII), vipc tuyen chpn ngUdi tfii b Trung Hoa bat diu tQ khoa thi Nham Tufi't nfim D^i<br /> thi tien cQ Ifi chinh, thi cQ Ifi phy. Sau khi Bao thQ 3 (nfim 1442) trieu Le Thai Tdng<br /> thdng nhfi't Trung Qudc, nhfi Tuy sang lfip trd di (27). Hfin lam vipn ThQa chi Ddng<br /> ra khoa cQ - bude tien bp trong che dp cac Dai hpc si Than Nhan Trung da khfing<br /> tuyen chpn nhan tai (24) b thdi diem bfi'y djnh tinh t h i n de cao giao dye Nho hpc cua<br /> gid - tQc la tuyen lUa nhan tfii qua thi cQ. nhfi Le tren npi dung vfin bia: "Hiin tdi Id<br /> TQ thdi DUdng ve sau, khoa cQ d Trung Hoa nguyin khi cua qudc gia. Nguyin khi thinh<br /> ngfiy cfing ddng vai trd quan trpng trong thi the nUdc mgnh md hUng thinh. Nguyin<br /> vipc phat hipn vfi lya chpn nhan tfii cua khi suy thi thi' nUdc yeu md thdp hen. Vi<br /> chfnh quyen trung Udng. the cdc bde di'vUcfng thdnh minh khdng ddi<br /> Nhu vfiy, nhin mpt each tdng the, Nho ndo khdng coi viic gido due nhdn tdi, ken<br /> giao Vipt Nam thdi L^ ed nhieu diem tUdng chgn ke si, vun trong nguyin khi qudc gia<br /> dong vdi Nho giao Trung Hoa ea ve vipc thd ldm cdng viic cdn kip" (28). Cung trong<br /> phyng ngUdi sang lfip ra hpc thuyet Nho nfim nfiy, nhfi Le edn quy djnh ve vipe ban<br /> giao vfi ve hinh thQc td chQc khoa cQ. cfi'p tien eho sinh vien ba xa (Thupng xa<br /> sinh, Trung xa sinh va Ha xa sinh) b<br /> Thd ky XV, sau khi gianh dpc lfip dan<br /> trudng Qudc TQ Giam (29).<br /> tpc, nhfi Le da dUa Nho giao Vipt Nam phat<br /> trien len den dinh cao, trd thfinh qudc giao. Sau Le Thanh Tdng, cae vj vua tiep theo<br /> Ben c^nh vipc tiep tyc vfin thd ngUdi cua nhfi Le van tidp tyc d l cao vfi phat<br /> Vi^t trong Vfin Mieu da cd tQ thdi Trin, trien Nho hpc.<br /> 20 Rghjgn curu Lich si3r. sg 8.2009<br /> <br /> Doi chieu vdi lich sQ khoa cii Trung Hoa, Cho den hdt thdi k^ phong kien cl Vi$t<br /> ehung ta tha'y, nhQng quy dinh cua nha Le Nam - cl cac trieu d?ii tidp theo (Le sd, M^c,<br /> ve viec td chQc thi HUdng, thi Hpi, thi Dinh; Le Trung Hung, Tay Sdn vfi trieu Nguyen)<br /> ve phan loai danh hieu dfinh cho nhiing - khong cd ngUdi Viet Nam nfio dupc dUa<br /> ngUdi do Tien si (Trang nguyen. Bang vfio phdi thd them cl Vfin Midu cho nen sU<br /> nhan, Tham hoa, Hofing giap vfi Dp tam kipn nfiy ciia nhfi T r i n cd the ndi Ifi sy kipn<br /> giap dong Tien si xua't than), vipc dyng bia "vo tien khoang hfiu" trong vipc ngUdi Vipt<br /> Tien si va nhieu quy djnh khae ddi vdi Nho da d i n bien Nho giao cua Trung Hoa thfinh<br /> giao va Nho hpc... b nhQng phUdng dipn Nho giao ciia Viet Nam. .,;<br /> nhfi't dinh van khdng nam ngoai sU anh Viec dUa ngUdi Viet vfio phdi thd cQng<br /> hUdng, tiep nhan cua Nho giao Trung Hoa. cac nhfi Nho Trung Hoa da khfing djnh vai<br /> trd cua nhfi T r i n trong vipc sil dyng Nho<br /> Nho giao ddi T r i n mac du it dUdc cac<br /> giao nhu bieu hipn manh me cua sy trudng<br /> nhfi nghien cQu chu y so vdi trieu L^ vfi<br /> thfinh ciia dan tpc Vipt. ,.<br /> trieu Le nhung nhQng trinh bfiy b tren cho<br /> tha'y nho giao thdi Ly vfi thdi Le cd nhieu Chpn hai nhfi Nho Ifi Chu Vfin An vfi<br /> diem tUdng phong Nho giao Trung Hoa TrUdng Han Sieu vfio phdi thd b Vfin Midu<br /> trong khi vdi viee dUa ngudi Viet Nam vfio la thdng diep cua nhfi T r i n trong vipc<br /> phdi thd d Van Mieu, Nho giao cua thdi khfing djnh Vipt Nam da cd nhQng nhfi<br /> T r i n da mang mpt tfnh chfi't khae h i n . Su Nho dich thye tidp cfin, n i m b i t cac quan<br /> kien nay cho tha'y lue nfiy Vfin mieu Vipt diem cua hpc thuydt Nho giao. Hay ndi nhU<br /> Nam ndi rieng va Nho giao Viet Nam ndi nhfi sQ hpc Phan Phu Tien thi: "Bac danh<br /> ehung khong cdn hoan toan dfip khudn theo nho cdc ddi cd bdi trU dUdc di doan, truyin<br /> gid dUc3c dgo thdng tri thi mdi dUcfc cho<br /> nguyen mau Trung Hoa.<br /> tdng tu d Vdn Mii'u, thi' la di to ro dgo hgc<br /> Ngoai ra, b thdi T r i n cdn xufi't hipn xu cd nggn ngudn" (30).<br /> hudng chd'ng chu nghia giao dieu trong Nho<br /> Tra ldi cau hoi tai sao nhfi T r i n lai dUa<br /> hpc cung nhu xu hudng mud'n sQa chQa vfi<br /> mpt vj quan vo nhU Do TQ Binh vfio phdi<br /> ud'n n i n ngay nhQng nguyen ly vfi tin dieu<br /> thd cl Vfin Midu Ifi dieu dang quan tam vfi<br /> cua Nho giao.<br /> cin dupc nghien cQu them. Nhung ft nhfi't<br /> 2.3. Dat trong bdi canh cung chju anh nd cung cho thfi'y doi tUpng mfi nhfi T r i n<br /> hudng eua vfin hda Trung Hoa trong qua dUa vfio phdi thd khdng chi ddn t h u i n Ifi<br /> trinh tiep xuc va giao luu van hda b giai cac dai dipn ciia Nho giao mfi cdn cd ca dai<br /> doan dau cua thdi ky dpc lap, ty chu sau dipn cua yeu td quyen lUc cua chfnh quyen<br /> '1000 nam Bfic thupc; so sanh vdi hai trieu nha nUdc. Dieu nfiy p h i n nfio phan anh thd<br /> dai gin kd (nha Ly vfi nhfi Le), vipc dua cac gidi quan vfi nhan sinh quan cua nhfi T r i n<br /> nha Nho Viet vao phdi thd tai Vfin Midu luc bfi'y gid.<br /> Thang Long cua nhfi T r i n da ghi dfi'u dn 2.4. Nhu vfiy, ben canh nhQng ddng gdp<br /> dang ke trong viec chuyen Nho giao mang to ldn ciia nha Ly, nhfi Le doi vdi Nho giao<br /> d i m anh hudng cua vfin hda Trung Hoa Vi$t Nam, khi ndi den dfi'u fi'n Vipt hda cua<br /> sang Nho. giao mang ydu to' Vipt cl khfa Nho giao Vipt Nam khdng the khdng nhfic<br /> canh nhfi nUdc ehinh thd'ng. ddn trieu T r i n , mpt trieu dai dfic bi$t<br /> T>6\i 6n Viit h6a h^^ng Rho giao. 31<br /> <br /> <br /> khdng chi IQng danh vdi 3 l l n chidn thfing linh", "ban sic", 'Tcha nang Qng bien" (nhU<br /> quan Nguyen - Mdng, vdi vipc tao ra ddng chQ diing cua cdGS. T r i n Qudc Vudng), tinh<br /> Phat giao mang yeu td Vipt (Tnic Lam) mfi uyen chuyen cua con ngudi Viet Nam, cua<br /> edn la trieu dai cd cdng tao ra sy khae bipt van hda Vipt Nam trong qua trinh tiep xuc,<br /> cho Nho giao Viet Nam vdi Nho giao Trung giao lifu vdi van hda phUdng Bac ndi rieng<br /> Hoa. Mpt l l n nQa, dieu nay khfing djnh "ban va van hda nUdc ngoai ndi ehung.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> <br /> (1). Vi6n Khoa hpc Xa hpi Vi§t Nam, Vi^n Tri^t 6. Tfl Ma Canh, tfl Tfl Ngflu<br /> hpc, Lich sd tU tUdng Viit Nam, tfip 1. Nxb. Khoa 7. Nhan Hanh, tfl Tfl Liiu<br /> hpc xa hoi, Hfi Npi, 1993, tr. 80.<br /> 8. Vu Ma Thi, tfl Tfl Ky<br /> (2). Lich sd tu tudng Viet Nam, sdd, tr. 159.<br /> 9. Tao Tufi't, tfl Tfl Tufin<br /> (3). Tfl phdi: Nhan Hoi, Tang Sam, Tfl Tfl vfi<br /> Manh Tfl. 10. Cdng Ton Long, tfl Tfl Thach<br /> (4). Thdp triet. Trong so hpc trd cua Khd'ng Tfl 11. Tfin Thfldng, tfl Phi Tu<br /> cd 10 ngfldi thfit xufi't sac tflng dflpc Khdng Tfl ndu<br /> 12. Nhan Cao, tfl Tfl Kieu, co tki heu ghi Ifi<br /> ten, tieu bieu cho tflng mfit dflc hanh, ngdn ngfl,<br /> Nhan Khae<br /> vfin hpc vfi chinh sfl. Nho gia ddi sau gpi 10 vi nfiy<br /> Ifi Thfip trie't (mfldi ngfldi hign trig't, xufi't sfic nhfi't 13. NhUdng Tfl Xich, tfl Tfl Do<br /> sau hfing Tfl phdi). V$ sau, Nhan Uyen, Tfing Sam 14. Thach Tac Thuc, tfl Tfl Minh<br /> dflde nfing ldn hfing Tfl phoi, cdn lai 8 ngudi, nfing<br /> Hflu Nhflpc (thuOc hang Hiln) chpn thSm Chu Hy 15. Cdng Ha Thfl, tfl Tfl Thfing (Thfla)<br /> gpi ehung Ifi Thfip trid't. Gom: M5n Tfl Td'n, Nhilm Hfiu Xfl, tu Tfl Ly (Thach Xfl)<br /> Ung, Doan MOc Tfl, Trpng Do, Boc Thfldng, Hflu<br /> 16. Hfiu Xfl, tfl Tfl Ly (Thach Xfl)<br /> Nhflpc, Nhigm Canh, Tl Dfl, Nhiim Ciu, Ngdn<br /> Yin, Chuydn Tdn Sfl, Chu Hy. 17. Hi Dung Diem, tfl Tfl Triet<br /> (5). Thdt thdp nhi hiin: 72 hpc trd gioi cua 18. Nhan To, tfl Tfl Tfldng<br /> Khd'ng Tfl Ifi theo sd' ghi trong sfich Khdng mieu<br /> 19. Cau Tinh Cudng, tU Tfl Manh<br /> dd, bao gdm ca Tfl phdi vfi Thfip trid't. Ndu khdng<br /> tfnh HQu Nhflpc da xd'p len hfing Thfip nhi trid't thi 20. Tfin Td', tfl Tfl Nam<br /> cdn 61 ngfldi khfie, ke theo danh sfich ghi trong 21. Huyen Thanh, tfl Tfl Ky<br /> Tdng sd.<br /> 22. Cdng Td Cu Tu, tfl Tfl Chi<br /> 1. Dam Dfii Di$t Minh, tfl Tfl Vu<br /> 23. Yen Cfi'p, tfl Tfl<br /> 2. Nguyen Hifi'n, tfl Tfl Tfl<br /> 24. Nhac Khai, tfl Tfl Thanh<br /> 3. Nam Cung Qufi't, tfl Tfl Dung, hofic Nam<br /> Dung 25. Dich Hfic. tfl Tich<br /> <br /> 4. Thfldng Cfl, tfl Tfl Mpc 26. Khdng Trung, tfl Tfl Miet<br /> <br /> 5. Tfi't Dieu Khai, tfl Tfl Nhflpc 27. Cdng Tay Dilm, tfl Tfl ThUdng<br /> 32 Rghi^ curu Ljch sJr. sg 8.2009<br /> <br /> 28. Nhan Chi Bpc, tU Tfl Thuc 59. Bd Thuc Thfing, tu Tfl Xa<br /> <br /> 29. Thi Chi Thfldng, tfl Tfl Hfing 60. Thfin Chfinh, tfl Chu<br /> 61. Nhan Khoai, tfl Tfl Thanh<br /> 30. Tin Phi, tU Tfl Chi<br /> (6). Dai Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip I, Nxb. Khoa<br /> 31. Phat Bfi't Tl, tfl Tfl Tien<br /> hpc xa hdi. Ha Npi, 1993, tr. 257.<br /> 32. Cdng Da Trfing, tfl Tfl Trudng (Tfl Chi) (7), (8), (9). Dai Viet sfl k^ tofin thfl, tfip II,<br /> 33. Cdng Tfch Ai, tfl Qu^ Thfl (Qui^ Huong) Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, 1993, tr. 151. 152-<br /> 153, 156.<br /> 34. Cao Sfii, tfl Tfl Cao<br /> (10). Phfin Huy Chu, Lich triiu hie'n chUcfng<br /> 35. Phfin Tu, tfl Tfl Tri (Phfin Tri) toai chi, tfip 1, Nxb. Sfl hpc, Hfi Ndi, 1960, tr. 188.<br /> 36. Cdng Tay Xi'eh, tfl Tfl Hoa (11). Thdi Nguyen, nam Minh Menh thfl 4<br /> 37. Lfldng Chien, tfl Thue Ngfl (1823), Trfldng Hfin Sieu dflde cho phu thd d milu<br /> Lich dai de' vUdng.<br /> 38. Nhiem Nhu, tfl TQ Lo<br /> (12). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip II, sdd, tr. 167.<br /> 39. Ba Kien, tfl TQ Tfch<br /> (13). Nay thudc huyen Ddng Hung, tinh Thai Binh.<br /> 40. Nhiem Qu^, tu Tfl San<br /> (14). Quoe sfl quan trieu Nguyen, Khdm dinh<br /> 41. Tfi't Dieu Xi, tfl Tfl LiSn Viit sd thdng gidm cUcfng mue, tfip 1, Nxb. Gifio<br /> 42. Tfi't Dieu Do Phu, tfl Tfl Vfin due, Hfi Ndi, 1998, tr. 620-621.<br /> <br /> 43. Thfldng Trach, tfl Tfl Tu (15). Ngd Thi Si, Dgi Viit sd ky tiin biin, Nxb.<br /> Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Ndi, 1997, tr. 470.<br /> 44. Nhfim Bfi't Tl, tu Tuyin<br /> Lfim rd hdn vl y kien nfiy, cfic sfl gia phong<br /> 45. Cdng Lfldng Nhu, tfl Tfl Chinh kiln cung bfiy td quan diem khdng dong tinh trong<br /> 46. Cdng Kien Dinh, tfl Tfl Trung vipe dfla Trfldng Han Sieu vfi Do Tfl Binh vfio ph^i<br /> thd b Vfin Mieu. Vdi TrUdng Han Sieu, sfl thfin<br /> 47. Kilu Dan, tfl Tfl Gia<br /> Ngd Si Lien viet: "TrUcfng Hdn Siiu la dng quan<br /> 48. Han Phu Hfic, tfl Tfl Sfich van hgc, vUgt hdn mgi ngUcfi, tuy cdng coi, chinh<br /> trUc nhUng lgi chcfi vdi ke khdng ddng chcfi, gd con<br /> 49. Vinh Kj^, tfl Tfl Ky<br /> gdi cho ngUcfi khdng ddng gd... Thdi Minh Tdng,<br /> 50. Ta Nhfin Dinh, tfl Tfl Hfinh Hdn Sieu ldm Hdnh Khien, khinh bi ngUcfi cdng<br /> 51. Trinh Qud'e, tfl Tfl Do hdng, den ndi vu cho Pham Ngd, Li Duy nhdn hdi<br /> Id" [Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip II, sdd, tr. 153,<br /> 52. Nguyen Khfing, tfl TQ Tieh<br /> 156]. Cdn vdi Do Tfl Binh, Ngd Si Lien len fin: "Td<br /> 53. Liem Khilt, tfl Dung vfi Tfl Thao Binh ten ddnh cdp vdng cdng cua Bdng Nga, tdu<br /> bdy Ida vua, de de'n ndi Due Tdng di tudn phUcfng<br /> 54. Thuc Trpng H$i, tfl Tfl Ky<br /> nam khdng tra vi nda, nUdc nhd td dd liin tiip cd<br /> 55. Cdng Tay Dfl Nhfl, tfl Tfl Thflpng tai hog Chiem Thdnh vdo cUdp, tgi dy giet cdng<br /> 56. Bang Ton, tfl Tfl Liim chUa ddng, cbn hgc nhdm chiiu ngUcfi thi chi trdch<br /> ldm gi?" [Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, tr. 167].<br /> 57. Trfin Khfing, tfl Tfl Khfing (Tfl Cfim)<br /> 58. Cfim Trfldng (Cfim Lao), tfl Tfl Khai (Xem tiep trang 72)<br /> 72 Rghien cuu Lich sit, sd 8.2009<br /> <br /> (9). Trong do co ki hieu SLOTFOM V-131 (16). Viet lai ten ho ten rieng theo bai in tren<br /> (10). Cach goi khae cac nfldc thuoc dia cua bao. Thfle ra do Ifi Hofing Quang Giu ngfldi da<br /> Phap. dflde tac gia nhfic d phfin tren cila bfii (BT).<br /> (11). Hieu dinh ban dieh tfl tieng Phap: Trinh (17). Pantheon Ifi ndi de mo cua nhiing nhan<br /> Ngpc Thai. vfit vi dai cua nfldc Phap. 'i noi: Dfing trflde mot<br /> (12). Nguyen ban tieng Phap: Grace fi Son ndi trang nghiem nhfl vfiy lai eo don canh sfit (BT).<br /> Excellence Albert Sarraut. (18). Ten in trong bfii bfio: Ngo-van-Tri, Ngd-<br /> (13). Viet theo nguyen ban tieng Phfip. duc-Ke.<br /> (14). Viet theo nguyen ban tieng Phfip. (19). Nhan vfit trong huyen thoai the hita cho<br /> (15). Cac ten rieng ehfla ro phien am tieng Vi$t sflc manh cua c i bfip.<br /> dflde gifl nguyen. (20). Nguyen vfin tieng Phap: Excellence. '^<br /> <br /> <br /> DAU AN VIET HOA TRONG NHO GIAO THdl TRAN<br /> (Tiep theo trang 32)<br /> <br /> <br /> (16). Vdi trfldng hdp cua D6 Tii Binh vfi Trfldng (23). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, tr. 277.<br /> Hfin Sieu.<br /> (24). Trung tam Hoat dong Vfin hda khoa hoc<br /> (17). Lich sd tu tudng Viet Nam, sdd, tr.161. Van Mig'u - Quoc Tii Giam, Vdn Mieu - Qudc Td<br /> Gidm vd che do hgc hdnh thi cd Viet Nam, tldd, tr.<br /> (18). Phan Dai Doan (chii bien), Mdt sd vdn di<br /> 35, 40.<br /> ve Nho gido Viet Nam, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoe gia,<br /> Hfi Noi, 1998, tr. 9. (25). De nhfi't gifip ngfldi do thfl nhfi't eho<br /> Chanh Luc ph^m, ngfldi dd thfl nhi cho Tdng Lyc<br /> (19). Phan Dai Doan. Mdt sdvdn di ve Nho gido<br /> phfi'm, ngfldi do thfl ba cho Chfinh Thfi't phfi'm, deu<br /> Viit Nam, sdd, tr. 10.<br /> dflde ban chfl "Tien si cfip de". De nhi gifip cho<br /> (20). Td dien Td Nguyen, Nhfi in sfich Thfldng Tdng Thfi't ph^m, dflde ban chfl 'Tien si xufi't<br /> vu, Trung Qudc, 1997, tr. 737. than". De tam giap cho Chfinh Bat phfi'm, dflde ban<br /> chfl "Dong Tien si xufi't than". Dgi Viet sd ky todn<br /> (21). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip 1, sdd, tr. 280.<br /> thu, tfip II, sdd, tr. 459.<br /> (22). Trung tam Hoat dong Van hda khoa hoc<br /> (26), (27), (29), (30). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU,<br /> Vfin Mig'u - Quo'c Tii Giam, Vdn Mii'u - Qudc Td<br /> tap II, sdd, tr. 486, 491-492, 491, 156.<br /> Gidm vd chi'do hgc hdnh thi cd Viet Nam, De tfii<br /> nghien cflu khoa hoe (ehfla xufi't ban), Hfi Noi, (28). Ngo Dflc Thp (chu bien), Vdn Mieu - Qudc<br /> 1994, tr. 3. Td Gidm vd 82 bia Tii'n si, Hfi Npi, 2002, tr. 84.<br />