Đồ sứ Nhật Bản xuất khẩu đến Việt Nam và Đông Nam Á thế kỷ XVII

DO sur NH0T BAN XQflT KHflU OEM Vl|T NflM<br /> Vfl OdNG NflM fl THE Kt XVII<br /> <br /> MIKI SAKURABA<br /> Ngudi dich: NGUY£N TI£N DUNG"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Lcfi m d d a u<br /> <br /> Dd sU Nhat Ban x u i t k h i u ra nUde Mau dieh cua Cdng ty Ddng An Ha Lan<br /> ngoai the ky XVII dUde san x u i t b nhflng Id (VOC) da thu hut sU quan tam ciia nhieu<br /> nung thupc tinh Hizen d Tay Bie dao nha nghien cflu bdi phUdng phap nghien<br /> Kyushu. Hizen p h i n ldn la qu^n Saga ngay eUu djnh lUdng eho phdp sii dung mpt khdi<br /> nay, vung dUpe xac dinh la trung tam san lupng ldn tai lipu lUu trfl vl hoat dpng<br /> xuit dd sU Arita ndi tieng. Gdm sU san thUdng mai ciia VOC lUu gifl tai Trung tam<br /> xuit bdi cdng ddng cd ky thuat cao dUdc gpi Iflu trfl qudc gia Ha Lan tai La Haye (1).<br /> la sfl Hizen dfla theo ten eua tinh san xuit T.Volker la ngUdi d i u tien cdng bd toan bp<br /> va edn dupe dan gian gpi la gem sU Imari dipn mao hoat dpng budn ban gdm sU ciia<br /> theo ten eang thi - ndi gdm sU dUde xuit di. VOC dUa tren nhflng lUu trfl ciia Cdng ty<br /> Giai doan x u i t k h i u ehii yeu ciia sU Hizen nay (2). Trong cudn sach ciia minh Volker<br /> la tfl gifla t h i ky XVII den gifla the ky da lin diu tien cdng bd sd lipu buon ban<br /> XVIII. Dd sfl x u i t k h i u tU Nagasaki den go'm sfl Nhat Ban b Ddng Nam A the ky<br /> nhieu ndi tren the gidi ma dilm den chfnh XVII. Ke thfla nhflng nghien cflu mang<br /> tfnh khai md ciia Volker, nha sii hpe Nhat<br /> la Nam va Ddng Nam A, chau Au va Trung<br /> Ban Yamawaki Teijiro da dich va phan tich<br /> Ddng. Vipe x u i t k h i u den Ddng Nam A<br /> so' lipu vl gdm sfl Nhat xuit k h i u trong<br /> dupe tien hanh theo hai con dUdng: qua<br /> giai doan 1650-1757. Yamawaki da phan<br /> Cdng ty Ddng An Ha Lan (VOC) giai doan<br /> tich sd lipu tu cae mang khae nhau cua tU<br /> 1650-1757 va qua Hoa thUdng. Dilu nay<br /> lipu VOC nhu facturen (hda ddn), negotie<br /> dUde giai thfch bdi hipn thUe lich sii: dUdi<br /> journalen (sd kinh doanh), va<br /> thdi Edo ehi cd ngUdi Ha Lan va ngUdi Hoa<br /> Daghregisters Batavia (Nhat ky thanh<br /> dupe ph6p buon ban tai eang thi Nagasaki.<br /> Batavia). Nhflng phat hipn cua dng dupe<br /> 2. Boi c a n h lich ad cdng bd trong cuon sich mang tUa de Lich<br /> sii dd thi Arita (3).<br /> Mdu dich VOC<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> • NCS. D^i hoc Kyushu Sangyo - Nh$t Ban<br /> " TrUdng Dai hpc KHXH&NV - DHQG HN<br /> 88 Rghl&n cuu Ljch sir. s6 9+10.2008<br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 1: Gom siJf Nhat Ban do VOC xuat khau tH Nagasaki den Viet Nam (11)<br /> <br /> Siem Ngiy ghi tii T6ng]6 Thngti Thuyen d^n<br /> Mft bing Ngudn Tin nguyin bin<br /> d^n li$D ci nim (tiiu bin) tfr Nagasaki<br /> DN 15.10.1650 145 Do su 145 Journaal Porceleijn Wille Vaick<br /> Dia, b4t dia tn?, Scholels.piering en<br /> DN 18.10.1651 176 176 factuur Campen<br /> binh flessen<br /> Porceleynen voor<br /> D6 sii dSng<br /> DN 19.12.1663 1.000 1.000 ORB den Coninck den Hoogelande<br /> chiia DN<br /> Tonkin<br /> DN 31.10.1665 8.660 Bat an corm 5.000 factuur Riskoppen De Spreeu<br /> DN 31.10.1665 B4t dTa tinh xao 3.660 factuur Fijne piering De Spreeu<br /> Groolefijne<br /> DN 25.10.1668 675 DIal(5m 30 journaal Overveen<br /> schaffschoolels<br /> Bii dia de ban Overveen<br /> DN 25.10.1668 200 journaal Fijne lafelpierings<br /> tinh x ^<br /> Dia nhd dimg Cesorleerder<br /> DN 25,10.1668 200 journaal Overveen<br /> chin ak theepierings<br /> DN 25.10.1668 Chin 200 journaal D copiens Overveen<br /> Binh dvng diu Oly en asijn<br /> DN 25.10.1668 4 journaal Overveen<br /> vkdam flessiens<br /> Dia nho tinh Fijne cleene<br /> DN 25.10.1668 30 journaal Overveen<br /> schootets<br /> Binh tuong mil<br /> DN 25.10.1668 4 journaal Mostertpotten Overveen<br /> lat<br /> DN 25.10.1668 HQ mu6i 4 journaal Soutvaten Overveen<br /> DN 25.10.1668 Am trdnhd 3 journaal Theepotliens Overveen<br /> DN 05.10.1669 164 DIal6n 20 journaal Groole Eeruiracht<br /> DN 05.10.1669 Dia vira 20 journaal Middelbare Eendrachl<br /> Cleijne<br /> DN 05.10.1669 Dianhd 20 journaal Eendracht<br /> schaffschoolels<br /> BAt dia ai bin<br /> DN 05.10.1669 100 journaal Fijne lafelpierings Eendrachl<br /> tinh xfto<br /> Rinh dung dia<br /> Olij en azijn<br /> N 05.10.1669 \k dim c(!) tay 4 journaal Eendracht<br /> kaneljes<br /> cam v4 v6i<br /> Porceleijne flessen<br /> Birh . / tha'y 3,52 tripu tieu ban sfl Nhat Ban da<br /> Binh cd tay<br /> dm. 4 dupe chuyen chd den Batavia tren cae<br /> Am. 7 thuyen manh Trung Hoa. Con sd tren<br /> khdng qua chenh lech so vdi sd lipu Udc<br /> tinh eua Yamawaki do mot chut khae bipt<br /> trong bien dich cac ddn vi do ludng. Ngdai<br /> ra, mpt dieu de nhan thiy la ed'c ch6n la<br /> cua ngUdi Nhat la cd gia tri (7). Vi du, mat hang ehu dao, chiem tdi 58%.<br /> trong nhflng ghi eh6p cua ngudi Nhat<br /> ehung ta cd the tim t h i y thdng tin ve sU 4. Gdm sii N h a t Ban x u a t k h a u den<br /> khai trUdng cae eiia hipu budn ban dd sfl Dai Viet h o a c q u a t r u n g gian Dai Viet<br /> ciia thUdng nhan Nhat nam 1708 qua tU<br /> lipu "Nhdt ky kinh doanh cua mot thdng Mdu dich cua VOC<br /> 90 Rghi&i cijru Lich sir. s6 9+10.2008<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 2: Gdm sU Nhat Ban xua't k h a u tU Batavia den Viet Nam bdi VOC (12)<br /> Diem Diem Si si lupng Tin nguyin<br /> Ngiy ghi tii lifu Mft hing Ngu6n Tin thuyen<br /> di den liryng (khic) gdc<br /> Japanse<br /> BT DN 17.06.1672 D6sirNB 1 COS DRB Meliskerken<br /> porcehnen<br /> Japanse<br /> BT DN 15.05.1674 DosirNB 5 slrooien DRB Papegaey<br /> porcelainen<br /> Japanse<br /> BT DN 22.05.1675 DosirNB 117 DRB Experiment<br /> porceNnen<br /> Japanse<br /> BT DN 17.05.1676 DosuNB 87 DRB Janskercke<br /> porcehnen<br /> Japanse<br /> BT DN 14.05.1677 DosirNB 108 DRB Experiment<br /> porcetvnen<br /> Japanse<br /> BT DN 16.07.1680 DosuNB 3000 DRB Croonvogel<br /> porcehnen<br /> Tong so 3.312 200?<br /> Cha thich: DN: Dang Ngoai; NB: Nhat Ban; DRB: Dagh-Register Batavia (Nhat ky t h i n h Batavia)<br /> <br /> <br /> Theo ghi chdp eua VOC, boat ddng budn 1670 gdm sfl Nhat Ban dUde dUa sang<br /> b i n go'm sfl Nhat gifla eang Nagasaki va Dang Ngoai theo eon dUdng gian tiep: qua<br /> thUdng diem Dang Ngoai dien ra trong giai Batavia. 3.312 tieu ban gdm sU Nhat ma<br /> doan 1650-1679. Bai viet d i u tien ve giao VOC chd tU Batavia den Dang Ngoai dUdc<br /> thUdng vdi Dai Vipt dUde Yamawaki cdng ddng trong 1 thung va 5 kipn rdm. Theo<br /> bd' nhUng khdng dUa ra nhflng thdng tin quy each ddng hang thdng thUdng, 1 thung<br /> ehi tiet ve san p h i m . Trong bang tho'ng ke va 5 kipn rdm tUdng Ung vdi 200 den 700<br /> eua minh tdi xin trinh bay nhflng sd lipu tieu ban. Tuy nhien dieu ngae nhien la vipe<br /> thu dUdc tU nhflng van ban gdc eiia thUdng xuit k h i u dc sU tU Batavia den Dang<br /> quan VOC tai Nagasaki (Xem bang 1). Ngoai trong nam nay khdng dUde ghi eh6p<br /> Trong tdng sd 13.850 tieu ban, cd 6.000 bat trong nhdt ky budn bdn (negotie journalen)<br /> an Cdm (44%), 4.080 dia (29%), 2.200 dia cua thUdng quan Ha Lan d Nagasaki.<br /> tra (16%), 1.321 tieu ban sfl ndi ehung Hdn nfla, vipe chua Trinh Tac va the tii<br /> (10%), va 200 chdn (1%) (Bieu dd 1). Trong dfldi thdi Tay Dd vUdng (1657-1682) quan<br /> ghi chdp thang 10/1679, Yamawaki da ghi tam nhieu den dd sU dUde ghi chdp r i t cu<br /> sai so' lUdng 3.000 xudng thanh 300 tieu the trong tU lipu ciia VOC. Lien quan den<br /> ban, vi the tdng sd' tieu ban gdm sfl Nhat chuyen hang do tau Hoogelande chuyen<br /> Ban x u i t sang Viet Nam nen dUde hipu ehd vao nam 1663, 1.000 tieu ban sU dang<br /> dinh lai la 13.850 thay vi 11.250 (10). ehua Trinh chi la mpt p h i n eiia ddn dat<br /> hang. Sd edn lai gdm 100 tieu ban, chii yeu<br /> Ket qua thd'ng ke gdm sU Nhat Ban xuit la dia de ban va ch6n nhd (13). The tii cd<br /> sang Dai Viet thdi ky 1672-1680 dUde tdng them ddn dat hang sU Nhat vao ngay 4<br /> ket d Bang 2. Theo sd lieu da trinh bay d thang 3 nam 1666, yeu ciu 50 binh hoa lo^i<br /> Bang 1, ddng x u i t k h i u chinh tU Nagasaki thon va cao (14). Nam 1670, Chua Trinh<br /> den Dang Ngoai bi gian doan vao khoang yeu ciu 30 binh sU theo m i u go dUde che<br /> nam 1670. Bang 2 eho t h i y tU khoang nam tao va giii kdm. Nam 1673, Chua lai yeu<br /> D& sir Rhht B i n xuat hhau d^'n 91<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 3: Thong ke do siJf xua't k h a u tit Dang Trong den Batavia q u a thuyen m i n h (20)<br /> <br /> <br /> b-<br /> •o<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ten thuyen<br /> nguyen goc<br /> Diem den<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> nguon goc<br /> S<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ten hing<br /> B<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> So thung<br /> Diem di<br /> .c<br /> Thing<br /> Ngiy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '^ B<br /> Nim<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> B .«<br /> •« O<br /> V3<br /> t/1 -o<br /> Bit dTa Porceleyne Japanse<br /> 9 2 1661 DT BT 400 Hizen<br /> sirNhJt pierings<br /> DTa sir Japanse porceleyne Wankan tir<br /> 9 2 1661 DT BT 200 Hizen<br /> Nhat schootlels DT<br /> Bat sir Japanse porceleyne<br /> 9 2 1661 DT BT 500 Hizen<br /> Nhat kommelies<br /> Binh Japanse<br /> 11 2 1661 DT BT 100 2 wankans Hizen<br /> Nh§t bierkannetjes<br /> Chdn<br /> 11 2 1661 DT BT 5.900 Japanse kopjes tirDT Hizen<br /> Nhat<br /> Tong so 7.100<br /> Chdn<br /> 11 2 1661 DT BT 2.800 arakpimpelljes Hizen<br /> nh6<br /> 11 2 1661 DT BT Chdn tri 1 600 Teekopies Hizen<br /> Chdn sir Groole porceleyne<br /> 11 2 1661 DT BT 400 Hizen<br /> ldm koppen<br /> 11 2 1661 DT BT Bit dia 300 Pierings lirDT Hizen<br /> 11 2 1661 DT BT Dia 1.062 Schotels Hizen<br /> TQ<br /> 31 12 1661 DT BT Dia sir 1,500 Porceleyne schotels tirDT<br /> Hizen<br /> thuyen<br /> Chdn sir Groole en kleyne TQ<br /> 10 2 1663 DT BT 5.000 manh tir<br /> I6n nho porceleyne koppen Hizen<br /> DT<br /> Bit sir Grove porceleyne Wankan tir TQ<br /> 10 2 1663 DT BT 1.000<br /> th6 commen DT Hizen<br /> thuyen<br /> Bit dia truong li<br /> 21 2 1664 DT BT 1.510 Porceleyne pierings Hizen<br /> sir Kiko<br /> (Nhat)<br /> VimOt<br /> Chen sir Kleyne porceleyne<br /> 21 2 1664 DT BT 8.000 thuyen tir Hizen<br /> nho kopjes<br /> DT<br /> TQ<br /> 28 2 1666 DT BT Dia sir 20 Porceleyne schotels<br /> Hizen<br /> Dia sir Wankan tir TQ<br /> 28 2 1666 DT BT 20 Halve d"<br /> vira DT Hizen<br /> TQ<br /> 28 2 1666 DT BT Chdn sir 20 Porceleyne koopiens DT<br /> Hizen<br /> Chdn sir TQ<br /> 28 2 1666 DT BT 200 Cleene porcelne<br /> nho Hizen<br /> Chdn sir Groove porceleyne TQ<br /> 30 4 1666 DT BT 30 tirDT<br /> tho copjens Hizen<br /> Tong so 23372 90<br /> <br /> Chu thich: BT: Batavia; DT: Ding Trong (Quinam); TQ: Trung Quoc<br /> <br /> c i u d a t h a n g hoac m u a m d t so' lUdng b i n h BUc t h u T o a n quyen Ryckloff v a n Goens<br /> <br /> nhd t h e o m a u c u n g c i p (15). giii den "vi e h u a gia" (ehua T r i n h Tac) eua<br /> 92 Rghien ciJru Lich 51^. sg 9-fl0.2QQ8<br /> <br /> Dang Ngoai de ngay 24/6/1681 do tau a. Do sii Nhdt Bdn tii Ddng Trong den<br /> Croonvogel chuyen di cd nhic den ddn dat Batavia<br /> hang ciia Chua: "am pha tra va binh lp sfl<br /> Theo nhflng ghi chep ciia Cdng ty VOC,<br /> dat tu nam 1679 vUa dUdc chuyen tfl Nhat<br /> thdng qua thuyen manh Trung Hoa, 7.100<br /> Ban den day (Batavia). Chic chin la vien<br /> tieu ban sfl Nhat Ban dUde chd tu Dang<br /> thuyen trUdng eua Cdng ty se chuyen ngay<br /> Trong (Quinam) den Batavia vao thang 2<br /> den [Dang Ngoai] cho Chua" (16).<br /> nam 1661 (18). Bang 3 trinh bay chi tiet<br /> Ddn dat hang cua chua va the tii tren boat ddng budn ban nay. Nhflng san phim<br /> day cd the dUdc suy lu^n trong quan hp vdi nay nhieu kha nang la dd sfl Hizen vi nhfl<br /> phong tuc bieu qua eiia Cdng ty VOC. trong ghi chdp, ehung dUde ghi la hang<br /> Trong la thU de ngay 22 thang 11 nam Nhat Ban (Japanse). Dieu dd gdi y r i n g cac<br /> 1644, qua cua Cdng ty cho trieu dinh dupe thUdng eang Viet Nam da tham gia vao<br /> de cap den nhU sau: "nhflng mdn qua ma viec xuat k h i u dd sfl Nhat Ban den<br /> chiia yeu c i u nen dUdc vien thyen trUdng Batavia.<br /> dang trUe tiep len cho chua cung vdi la thU<br /> Bang 3 lipt ke sd lipu ve dd sfl xuit<br /> ciia Toan quyen". Lp bieu qua nay nen dUdc<br /> khau tfl Dang Trong den Batavia bing<br /> duy tri thUdng xuyen bdi chua chi budn ban<br /> thuyen manh Trung Hoa tU thang 2/1661<br /> td lua vdi Cdng ty ehflng nao ngUdi cdn<br /> den thang 4/1666. Tong sd dd sU x u i t khiu<br /> nhan dUdc qua bieu" (17).<br /> len den 23.372 tieu ban, dUde ddng thanh<br /> Mdu dich cua ngUdi Hoa 90 bd rdm va "bossen". Theo quy each ddng<br /> <br /> <br /> Bdng 4: Do sU nh|ip tU Nh|Lt Ban v^o Dang Ngoai qua m^u djch thuyen manh (21)<br /> Nim Thuyen Ti^ Moti<br /> 2 thuydn Vol bac, tien vi d6 sir Nhjt Bin<br /> 2/1676 NB<br /> TQ<br /> 32.000 chiec chdn, 17.400 cac loai khic nhau nhir di k^ tren, 39.900 bit dia tring<br /> men, 4.800 chiec chdn uong rucru loai nh6, 500 chi^c hn tri, 2.000 chi^c bit Sn<br /> com 16n, 10 chiec dia 16n. (T6ng s6 li 96 610)*<br /> 1 thuyen (Tir hai chiec thuyen niy, chiia Trinh di mua 7.000 chi^c chdn v6 rong, 2.000 loai<br /> 1676 NB<br /> DL nho ciing loai, 7.000 bit dia tring men, 1.000 im tri loji nh6, 10 chiec dia \(m, 10<br /> chi^c binh c6 tay cim, 500 chiec chdn tho, 200 chiec chdn tri. Quan Tong trin<br /> mua: 5.000 chiec chdn, 1.000 loai nh6 cimg loai, 3.000 dia tri, 400 chik chdn<br /> u6ng ru(7U loai nh6, 5 chiec dia Idm, 600 chile dia v6 r6ng).<br /> 5 bpc rom dimg dia loai nh6, c6 1 \(n loai chdn tri miu tring, 150 bit in com,<br /> 170 loai dia cimg loai, 100 chiec im dvmg ru(7u loai nh6, 20 thimg bit in com loai<br /> 1 thuyen thirimg, 1 chdn u6ng rucm loai nh6 cimg loai, 30 chiec im. 10 chile im u6ng rucm<br /> 2/1681 NB<br /> TQ loai nh6 nhir m6n qua ding tjng vi Chiia doi tni6c, vi 5 chiec im u6ng mom loai<br /> nho nhu m6n qui ding len quan Th6ng d6c.<br /> (T6ng s6 li 477 boc rom vi 45) *<br /> 200 g6i rom dung chdn sir, c6 25 vc^ri im uong ru(7u loai nho thdng thudmg, 2 boc<br /> c6 nhihig mon lien nho, chim nh6, sir tir vi nhihig thir kdm theo, 105 bpc rom c6<br /> 1 thuyen<br /> 3/1681 NB bit dia trang tri ci, 8 im u6ng ru^u loai nhd, dSng t|ng quan Th6ng d6c 5 im<br /> TQ<br /> u o n g TMCJM.<br /> (T6ng s6 li 305 bpc rcrm, 2 im vi 38) *<br /> T6ng s6 toin b^: 96.693 tiiu bin, 782 b ^ nrm vi 2 im*<br /> Chu thich: TQ: Trung Quoc; DL ; Dii Uan; NB; Nh$t Ban.<br /> f)6 sir Yih&i B i n xuaJ k h i u d^n<br /> 93<br /> <br /> h a n g ciia VOC, mdi bd rdm va "bos" tUdng thdng tin eu t h e nao ve dia diem san x u a t<br /> dUdng vdi 50 tieu b a n . Do dd, 90 bd rdm vd cua nhflng s a n p h i m nay.<br /> "bossen" se la 4.500 tieu ban, va tdng sd<br /> budn ban la 27.872 tieu b a n . Mpt sd s a n p h i m x u i t k h i u b Bang 3 cd<br /> k h a n a n g la dd sfl N h a t B a n bdi nhflng ly<br /> Trong b a n g nay, dd sU N h a t Ban, dd sU do s a u . Thd nhdt, gia t h u y e t ban d i u cho<br /> T r u n g Qud'e va do gdm sfl Viet N a m cd t h e r a n g nhflng chiec t h u y e n chd vac ngay<br /> bi l l n vdi n h a u , vi nhflng ghi chep k h o n g 11/2/1661 cd ea do sfl N h a t Ban (nhu Bang<br /> dfla t h d n g tin ve dia diem s a n x u i t . Hdn 3). Thd hai, gifla n h u i i g n a m 1661 va 1683,<br /> nfla, dd go'm Viet N a m t h o a t n h i n k h a<br /> T r u n g Qudc n g h i e m c i m x u i t k h i u h a n g<br /> gidng do sfl bdi e h u n g dUdc t r a n g m e n<br /> hda r a ben ngoai, kich thieh vipe x u i t k h i u<br /> t r i n g va t r a n g t r i b i n g m a u x a n h t r d n g<br /> n h i e u s a n p h a m go'm sU Hizen. Cuo'i cung,<br /> gidng n h u dd sU T r u n g Hoa va N h a t Ban.<br /> nhflng md ta cho t h i y sU k h a e bipt eho t h i y<br /> Tren phUdng dipn c h i t lieu, s a n p h i m cua<br /> s a n p h a m ed c h a t lUdng cao hdn nhflng m a t<br /> Viet N a m n e n dUde gpi la dd go'm men<br /> h a n g gdm m e n x u i t k h i u tfl D a n g Ngoai,<br /> (ceramics) chU k h d n g p h a i la do sfl<br /> n h u dUde md ta trong B a n g 5 eiia p h i n tiep<br /> (porcelain).<br /> theo cung nhU cac loai chen go'm cua Dang<br /> Theo ghi chdp cua VOC, san p h i m gdm Ngoai. Dieu dd co nghia la e h u n g khdng<br /> sfl x u i t k h a u tfl D a n g Ngoai qua t h u y e n p h a i la h a n g Viet N a m .<br /> Trung Qud'e dUdc ghi la "chen thd" (grove<br /> 6. Dd sd Nhdt Bdn xudt khdu den Ddng<br /> koppen) hay la "chdn thd D a n g Ngoai"<br /> Ngodi<br /> (grove Tonquinse koppen) (19). Chdn thd<br /> Dang Ngoai thUdng dUde ghi chdp e h u n g Theo Hoang A n h T u i n , ngUdi Hoa da<br /> ehung, khdng chi d i n h rd la do sU. Dieu nay n h a p mdt lUdng ldn dd sU N h a t Ban vao<br /> dudng n h u a m chi r i n g cac n h a n vien eiia D a n g Ngoai. Nhflng m a t h a n g dUde de cap<br /> VOC b B a t a v i a da p h a n biet gifla dd sfl va b B a n g 4 t r o n g l u a n a n cua Hoang Anh<br /> dd go'm Vipt N a m . T u y n h i e n , k h d n g cd T u i n cd the dUde hieu la dd sfl Hizen x u i t<br /> <br /> Bang 5: t h d n g k e d o sU x u a t k h a u tii ckc r a n g D a n g Ngoai d e n Batavia. Ro r a n g la<br /> cac e a n g D a n g Ngoai k h o n g chi la nod n h a p d o sU m a con giu( vai t r d t r u n g c h u y e n d o<br /> suf den Batavia<br /> <br /> <br /> Diem Diem Sin pham M$t Ten hing<br /> Nim So luvng Ten thuyen<br /> di den atfc doin hing nguyen goc<br /> Hizen? Chdn sir Grove porceleyne 2 wankans den<br /> 31.3.1666 DN BT 60.000<br /> TQ? th6 coppiens tir Toncquin<br /> Hizen? Chdn sir Grove porceleyne<br /> 28.2.1667 DN BT 30.000 ddn tir Toncquin<br /> TQ? tho koppen<br /> Hizen? Chdn sir Groove porceleyne<br /> 31.5.1668 DN BT 40.000 den tit Tonkin<br /> TQ? tho kopjens<br /> Hizen? Do sir Gesorleert<br /> 31.71678 DN BT 107.740 d^n tir Toncquin<br /> TO? cic loai porcelevn<br /> Tong so 230.740 tieu bin<br /> Chil thich: DN: Ding Ngoii; BT: Batavia; TQ: Trung Quoc<br /> 94 Rghi&i cuu Lich sir. s6 9-t-10.2Q08<br /> <br /> khau di tU eang Nagasaki. Tong sd hang thuan ldi cho hoat ddng budn ban td lua -<br /> x u i t khau qua thuyen manh Trung Hoa la mat hang x u i t khau chii yeu tU Dang<br /> 96.693 tieu ban, 782 bd rdm va 2 thung. Ngoai den Nhat Ban. Trong sdcac loai qua<br /> Nhu da trinh bay, moi bd rdm va ddn vi bieu, dd sU dUde ehua Trinh va The tii dinh<br /> "60s" tUdng dUdng vdi 50 tieu ban. Do dd, gia cao. Dieu dd cho ph6p k h i n g dinh ring<br /> 782 bd rdm va "bossen" bao gdm 39.100 tieu dd sU dang tang chua va The tii gdp phin<br /> ban dd sU, va tdng sd hang chd ed the Udc quan trpng vao viee day manh hoat dpng<br /> doan la khoang 135.793 tieu ban. budn b i n td lua gifla Viet Nam va Nhat<br /> Thdng tin dang chu d day la nhflng ghi Ban ciia VOC.<br /> chdp ve cae mdn qua dang len chua va<br /> quan tdng tran. Ghi chep dau tien x u i t Lien quan den mau dich eiia VOC, dd sfl<br /> hien vao nam 1676. "TU hai chiec thuyen Nhat Ban dUdc chd trUe tiep tU Nagasaki<br /> nay, chua mua 7.000 chiec chen ve rdng, den Dang Ngoai ehu yeu tfl nam 1650 den<br /> 2.000 chiec cung loai nhflng nhd hdn, 7.000 nam 1670. TU nam 1672 den nam 1680, dd<br /> dia, 1.000 chdn rUdu loai nho, 10 dia ldn, 10 sfl Nhat Ban dUde ehd tfl Nagasaki den<br /> binh cd tay cim, 500 chdn thd, 200 chdn Dang Ngoai theo dUdng Batavia, ngoai trfl<br /> trd. Quan Tong t r i n mua: 5.000 chiec chdn, nam 1679, nam ma budn b i n dUde thiet lap<br /> 1.000 chiec cung loai nhUng nhd hdn, 3.000 trUe tiep vdi Dang Ngoai. Tdng sd do sfl<br /> dia tra, 400 chiec ch6n uo'ng rUdu loai nhd, Nhat Ban chuyen ehd bdi Cdng ty len den<br /> 5 chiec dia ldn, 600 chiec dia ve rdng". L i n 17.162 tieu ban, mdt thung va 5 gdi rdm<br /> ghi ch6p thu hai x u i t hipn trong van ban (xem Bang 1 va 2). Loai hinh hipn vat ehu<br /> de thang 2/1681: "10 chiec i m dUng rUdu yeu la bat va chdn. Ty lp b i t an cdm dUpc<br /> loai nho lam qua dang tdng vi chua gia [tUe giao dieh gifla thUdng quan Nagasaki va<br /> Trinh Tac], va 5 chiec i m dUng rUdu loai Dang Ngoai la 44% (6.000 tieu ban) (Xem<br /> nhd ldm qua cho quan tdng trin". Tai lipu Bieu do 1). Bat va chdn cung x u i t hipn kha<br /> phan anh kha rd rang sU quan tam ldn ciia thudng xuyen trong danh mue dd sU ehd<br /> ehua Trinh dd'i vdi mat hang gdm sU. bing thuyen manh den hoac di qua Viet<br /> Chat lupng cua cae mat hang thd'ng ke Nam (xem Bang 3, 4 va 5).<br /> trong Bang 5 t h i p hdn chat lUdng hang<br /> thd'ng ke tU Dang Trong dUde trinh bay tai Trai vdi mau dich VOC - Dang Ngoai,<br /> Bang 3. Tieu chi "groove" ("thd") khdng budn ban ciia thuyen manh Trung Qudc co<br /> dUdc tim t h i y tai Bang 3 trU so' lieu eua vi tri quan trpng trong budn ban gifla<br /> thang 4/1666. O Bang 5, tat ea cic loai dUde Nagasaki vdi Dang Trong va Dang Ngoai.<br /> chi rd la dd sfl thd ngoai trU so' lieu nam Thdng qua mau dieh thuyen manh Trung<br /> 1678 dupe ghi la "do sfl cac loai" (gesorteert Qud'e hoat dpng gifla Dang Trong va<br /> porceleyn). Thuat ngU nay thUdng dUde Batavia, 7.100 tieu ban sfl Nhat Ban da<br /> dung eho cic do sfl danh rieng eho thi dupe chd tU Dang Trong den Batavia vao<br /> trUdng chau Au ma it khi dUng dd'i vdi san thang 2/1661 (xem Bang thdng ke 3).<br /> p h i m thu mua cho thi trUdng chau A. Chung tdi tim t h i y b i n g chUng cho ring<br /> toan bd 23.272 tieu ban sU va 90 bd rdm<br /> 5. Ket l u a n<br /> (xem Bang 3) chd tU Dang Trong den<br /> Cdng ty Ddng An Ha Lan bieu qua chua Batavia b i n g thuyen manh Trung Hoa<br /> Trinh Tac va the tii n h i m tao dieu kipn thuc te la sU Nhat Ban. Theo ghi eh6p ciia<br /> f)6 sir Rhat Bin xu£it hhau d^n ... 95<br /> <br /> VOC ve mau dich ciia ngudi Hoa gifla Dang Dieu nay khang dinh mdt each manh me<br /> Ngoai va Nagasaki, cd 96.693 san phim, r i n g cac thUdng eang ciia Dang Trong cung<br /> 782 bd rdm va 2 thung dd sfl Nhat Ban nhu Dang Ngoai da cd vai trd then ehdt<br /> dflde ehd tU Nagasaki den Dang Ngeai vao nhu nhflng tram trung chuyen ciia do sfl<br /> cae nam 1676 va 1681. xuit khau Nhat Ban.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> <br /> (1). Met archief van de Verenigde Oostindische (7). TOUTUJI KAISHO NICHIROKU, vol. 4,<br /> Compagnie (VOC) va Het archief van de Tokyo University Shuppankai, 1984 (Dainihon<br /> Nederlandse factorij in Japan (NFJ). T i i li?u i\Xt)c Kinsei Shiryo / edited by University of Tokyo<br /> luu gill tai Trung t a m L u u triJ Quoc gia H i Lan Shiryohensanjo), pp. 303.<br /> tai T h i n h pho La Haye. (8). Chdng hgn bde tranh m6 td cdnh thUOng<br /> (2). T. Volker, Porcelain and the Dutch East diem cua ngudi Trung Qudc tgi Nagasaki, in trong<br /> India Company as recorded in the Dagh-Register of TdHANKAN ZUKAN, bdi Watanabe Shuseki<br /> Batavia Castle, those of Hirado and Deshima and (1639-1707), Kobe City Museum.<br /> other contemporary papers 1602-1682, (9). Chii thich 4, Dagh-Register Batavia, Anno<br /> Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor 1648-1682.<br /> Volkenkunde, Leiden, 1954; T. Volker, The<br /> (10). Ket qua dat dU(?c tren cd sd ket qua hpp<br /> Japanese porcelain trade of the Dutch East India<br /> tac nghien cflu vdi TS. Cynthia Vialle (D^i hpc<br /> Company after 1683, Mededelingen van het<br /> Leiden, H i Lan) vg' nhflng cuon so ke khai cua<br /> Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden, 1959.<br /> VOC. Mpt ban sao dfl li?u ve gom sfl trong nhflng<br /> (3). Teijiro Yamawaki, 'Boeki hen - To, Ran sen cuon so ke khai {Negotie Journalen) dUdc trinh b i y<br /> no Imariyaki yushutsu', in Aritachd shi trong qua trinh nghien cflu.<br /> Shogydhen, Aritacho, 1988<br /> (11). [Negotie Journalen (journaal)] 1650:<br /> (4). Nhflng ghi ch6p trong khoang thdi gian<br /> NFJ850, 1668: N F J 862, 1669: NFJ863, 1670:<br /> 1647-1682, til the Dagh-Register gehouden int<br /> NFJ864, 1679: NFJ869, [Facturen (factuur)] 1651:<br /> Casteel Batavia van 't passerende daer ter plaetse<br /> NFJ775, 1665; NFJ787, [Dagh-Register Batavia<br /> als over geheel Nederlands-India, 31 vols., ed. H.<br /> (Bat.Dagh Reg.)]. Chu thich 4, Dagh-Register<br /> T. Colenbrander, J . E . Heeres, J. de Hullu, J.A.<br /> Batavia, Anno 1663. Co 3 con dUdng v i n chuyen;<br /> van der Chijs, F. de H a a n , W. Fruin-Mees, The<br /> (1). 1650 = dUdng tfl Nagasaki qua D i i Loan den<br /> Hague, 1887-1931. Su cong b o ' n i y bao gom ca ban<br /> Dang Ngoii; (2). 1663, 1665, 1668 = dUdng tif<br /> sao cua nhiing cuo'n n h i t ky ve t h i n h Batavia, t r y<br /> Nagasaki tnic tiep den Dang Ngoii; (3). 1669,<br /> ad trung t a m cua VOC d chau A.<br /> 1670, 1679 = dUdng tfl Nagasaki qua Batavia den<br /> (5). Note 3, Y a m a w a k i (1988), pp. 403-410. D i n g Ngoii.<br /> (6). Yoko N a g a z u m i , T6SEN YUSHUNTUHIN<br /> (12). Chii thich 4, Dagh-Register Batavia, 1672,<br /> SURYd ICHIRAN (1637-1833 N ) UFUKUGEN 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1680. So sach ghi chdp<br /> TdSEN KAMOTU KAIARATAME/ KIHANNI lien quan den do sfl chuyen tfl Batavia den D i n g<br /> MONO KAJWATASHICHO, Soubun-sha, 1987, pp. Trong khong tim thi'y nguon t i i li$u nay.<br /> 254-327.<br /> 96 Rghi&i curu Lich sir, sg 9+10.2008<br /> <br /> (13). "1.000 stux diverse porceleynen, 100 soo Tokyo, 1997, pp. 128-130 k6m theo vin ban gfic,<br /> schotels, als pierings en copiens voor de taeffeF. 1993, pp. 289-292.<br /> (Chii thich 4, Dagh-Register Batavia, 19-12-1663) (18). Chii thfch 4, Dagh-Register BatavUi, 1661,<br /> (14). "50 stucken porceleyne bloem flessen, p. 32.<br /> lang en small". (Chii thfch 4, Dagh-Register (19). Chii thfch 4, Dagh-Register Batavia, Anno<br /> Batavia, 4 Maert 1666) 1666, 1667, 1668, 1672, 1675, 1678, 1681; Chii<br /> (15). Hoing Anh Tui'n, Silk for Silver: Dutch- thich 15, Hoang Anh Tui'n (2007), Appendix 8, pp.<br /> Vietnamese Relations, 1637-1700, Leiden-Boston: 231-232.<br /> Brill, 2007, Appendix 11, p. 238. Tic gia da cung (20). Chii thfch 4, Dagh-Register Batavia, Anno<br /> ci'p nhQng so lifu kha cv t h i trong nghien cflu cua 1661, 1663, 1664, 1666.<br /> minh. (21). Bang thong ke niy cin cii vio so li^u lien<br /> (16). Chii thich 4, Dagh-Register Batavia, 24 quan den buon ban tai Phu luc 10 trong cuon sich<br /> June 1681, pp. 389-390. Silk for Silver cua Hoing Anh Tui'n (Chii thfch 15:<br /> (17). "Instruction for Anthonij van Brouckhorst Hoing Anh Tui'n, pp. 236-237). Nguon tii Ii$u<br /> to Tonkin, Nagasaki, 22 October, 1644", inNIHON Hoing Anh Tui'n tham khao tii cac so li^u ch^t loc<br /> KANKEI KAIGAI SHIRYO : HISTORICAL trong Overgekomen Brieven en Papieren; BL OIOC<br /> DOCUMENTS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES G/12/17; Dagh-register Batavia 1624-1682; Volker,<br /> RELATING TO JAPAN (JAPANESE Porcelain. Phin danh diu "*" l i do toi b^ sung<br /> TRANSLATION) SELECTION I : GRAND A them cho chi tifi't.<br /> SHOKANCHO NIKKI, Volume VIII (Part II), bien (22). Chii thfch 4, Dagh-Register Batavia, Anno<br /> soan bdi Vi$n Nghien ciiu Ljch sii ciia D^i hoc 1666, 1667, 1668, 1678.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> "Hd CHiMINH VA CUOC CHIEN THANH II<br /> <br /> <br /> (Tidp theo trang 103)<br /> <br /> <br /> chinh cua chuyen thim Lien X6 ciia Ho Chf Minh d Matxcdva. De thong nhi't6 lip trUdng tai H$i<br /> trong: Hoc Vifn Chfnh trj Quoc gia Ho Chf Minh - nghj Geneva, Ho Chf Minh chi tham di^ m$t cu^c<br /> Vi^n ho Chi Minh, Hd Chi Minh - Bien nien tieu hpp t^i Lilu Chau (Trung Quoc) til ngiy 3 d^n<br /> sd. Tip 4, Nxb. Chfnh tri Quoc gia. H i Noi, 2006, ngiy 5 thing 7 nim 1954. Tham di^ h^i nghj vl<br /> tr. 404-407 v i Duiker, William J., Ho Chi Minh. A phia Trung Quoc c6 Thii tudng Chu An Lai. VI<br /> Life, Hyperion, New York, 2000, tr. 421-422. phia Viet Nam, ngoii Ho Chf Minh con c6 V6<br /> Nguyen Giap v i Trin Vin Quang. (Xem: Vi$n<br /> (7). Nhfl tren, tr. 482. Theo Hd Chi Minh-<br /> Nghien cfiu Ljch sii Dang, Hd Chi Minh - Biin<br /> Bien nien tieu sd , t i p 5, do NXB. Chfnh tri Quoc<br /> nien tieu sd , t i p 5, Nxb. Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Hi<br /> gia i n hinh nim 2007 thi trong thdi gian tfl khi<br /> Npi, 2007, tr. 470). Nhu v^y. th5ng tin mi<br /> Chien dich Di?n Bien Phu bit d^u (13-3-1954)<br /> Khrushchev dUa ra vl cupc hpp b MatxaJva rit<br /> cho tdi khi Hi?p dinh Geneva dfl^c ky ket (21-7-<br /> dang lUu y, cin du