Đường lối kinh tế và mục đích của việc chiếm đoạt, khai thác mỏ của Thực dân Pháp ở Việt Nam

OirCftNC LOI KINH TE VA MliC DICH CUA VIEC CHIEM DOAT,<br /> KHAI THAC MO CUA THUC DAN PHAP 6 VIET NAM''<br /> <br /> TA THI THUY<br /> <br /> K<br /> <br /> hi tie'n hanh xam Ifldc thupc dia,<br /> ngfldi Phap cd chu thuyet b i n hoi<br /> la bien cae vflng d i t chid'm dUdc thanh thi<br /> trfldng tieu thu hang hda ciia Phap va cung<br /> d p cho Phap nhflng ngudn nguydn lidu ma<br /> nd cin. Nam 1891, Etienne, mdt chinh<br /> khach cila Phap ndi; "... thupc dia phai dflpe<br /> dac biet danh rieng cho thi trfldng Phap"<br /> (1). Mdline, Giam dd'c Hpi Ky nghe va Canh<br /> ndng lue do cdn ndi rd hdn: "Trong mpt td<br /> ehflc thupc dia td't, nd'n san x u i t thudc dia<br /> ehi dfldc thu gon trong vide cung cap cho<br /> chinh qud'e nguyen lieu hay nhflng vat<br /> phim gi ta khdng cd. Ma neu di ra ngoai<br /> chflc trach dd, nd"n san xua't thudc dia cd<br /> the canh tranh tae hai eho ta thi nd se trd<br /> thanh mdt dich thii nguy hiem" (2).<br /> Nam 1895, Toan quye'n Ddng Dfldng De<br /> Lanessan trdng cudn: Cong cuoc thitc ddn<br /> cUa ngitdi Phdp d Dong DitOng eung viet:<br /> "Trong sd' nhflng nganh ky nghe hien ed 6<br /> Dong Duong, thi nganh nay (tfle cdng<br /> nghiep khai khoang - TTT) eung elp cho<br /> nfldc Phap nhflng nguyen lieu ma Phap<br /> cin, nganh khac chi san xua't ra nhflng gi<br /> ma thudc dia cin nhUng khdng gay nen<br /> tinh trang canh tranh vdi nen edng nghiep<br /> ciia chinh qud'c..." (3).<br /> Nam 1923, Albert Sarraut Toan quyen<br /> Ddng DUdng eung vie't trong cuo'n La Mise<br /> en valeur des colonies framnises rang: "D6l<br /> •PCS.TS. Vien Sfl hoc<br /> <br /> vdi nudc Phap, cflng nhfl ddi vdi ta't ca cac<br /> nfldc ddng minh efl, trfl My, nhflng vaii de ve"<br /> kinh te qud'c dan da hoan toan ddi khac. Cai<br /> ma ngUdi ta tim kie'm hien thdi - mac diu<br /> nhflng ve ngoai Ifla ddi eua mdt cudc khung<br /> hoang tam thdi... khdng cdn ehi la nhflng thi<br /> trfldng, ddi tfldng lo au eua cac nha kinh te'<br /> hpc the ky vfla qua, ma la nguyen lieu.<br /> Trung tam eiia ddi sd'ng kinh te' ciia cac dan<br /> tpc, theo mpt sfl tien hda nhanh chdng, di tfl<br /> san pham che' tao sang nguyen lieu" (4).<br /> Ndi tdm lai, xam Ifldc thudc dia, trong dd<br /> cd Ddng Dfldng, ngfldi Phap khdng chii<br /> trfldng cdng nghiep hda cac vung dat chiem<br /> dfldc. Cai gpi la cdng nghiep d day chi la<br /> cdng nghiep che bie'n nhflng thfl khdng<br /> canh tranh vdi cdng nghiep Phap va la tang<br /> cfldng khai thac tai nguyen mo de cung cap<br /> nguyen lieu phuc vu eho cdng nghiep Phap<br /> hay de cac nha tu ban Phap xuat khau<br /> kiem ldi.<br /> Va nhfl vay, chie'm va khai thac md n i m<br /> trong dfldng lol xam Ifldc thudc dia cung co<br /> nghia la tfl tfldng thupc dia ldn nhat cua<br /> Phap. Tfl tfldng nay cang luc cang td ra<br /> quyet liet hdn va ngay cang nhan dfldc sfl<br /> ling hd cuong nhiet khong chi la ciia cae<br /> quan chflc eao cap hay cae chinh khach d<br /> ehinh qud'c ma cdn la va nhat la gidi cdng<br /> nghiep va nhflng ngfldi boat ddng trong<br /> llnh vflc mo d thude dia.<br /> <br /> 32<br /> Ddi vdi Ddng Dfldng ndi chung, Viet<br /> Nam ndi rieng, trong Thfl de ngay 2-1-1896<br /> giii Toan quye'n Ddng Dfldng, eac nha thfle<br /> dan ngfldi Phap khi yeu eau siia ddi nhflng<br /> quy dinh ve' quan ly md trong Sac lenh<br /> ngay 16-11-1888 cho ring: "... viec khai<br /> thac ngudn tai nguydn md la mdt trong<br /> nhiing yd'u to chinh, neu khdng mud'n noi la<br /> ed ban eua sU thinh vUdng trong tUdng lai<br /> eua Ddng DUdng eiia ehung ta" (5).<br /> Rdi, ngay 18-6-1901, trong phien hpp<br /> toan the ciia Hdi Dia ly thfldng mai Paris,<br /> cd Toan quyen Paul Doumer tham du, ky<br /> sU md J.Marc Bel cd bai phat bieu neu eao<br /> vi tri eiia nganh cdng nghidp khai mo 3<br /> Ddng Dudng, r i n g dd la "... mdt nganh edng<br /> nghiep... cd the gdp phan ra't ldn vao sfl<br /> giau cd eua nfldc nha (tflc nfldc Phap), ma<br /> cac dan tdc khae tren the gidi luon luon coi<br /> do la mpt trong nhflng ddng cd manh nha't<br /> ciia cac cudc di cfl cua ho hay ciia sfl nghiep<br /> thfle dan" (6).<br /> Vien ky sfl nay keu gpi tie'n hanh khai<br /> thac md va xay dflng mpt nganh cdng<br /> nghiep khai khoang that sU ddi vdi "... cai<br /> ngudn tai nguyen giau cd mdi va manh me<br /> a'y, cai khdng phai mdt eanh bac ve" mo (une<br /> loterie miniere), ma that sU la mpt nganh<br /> cdng nghiep khai khoang (I'industrie<br /> rainerale)" (7).<br /> Trong viec chie'm Viet Nam, ngUdi Phap<br /> chu y trUdc het de'n md ciia Bac Ky va cho<br /> r i n g "... chinh tUdng lai to't dep nha't la<br /> gianh cho Bac Ky, nhd vao sfl giau co ve" md<br /> cua nd... rang Ble Ky co nhflng tai nguyen<br /> rieng vao loai quan trpng nha't...." (8) va<br /> r i n g "cd the rut ra tfl da't dai va ldng da't<br /> ciia no mdt ngudn thu nhap ldn cho nfldc<br /> Phap"... (9). Dd la ldi ciia mdt vien ky sfl mo<br /> Charpentier vao dau the' ky XX trong mdt<br /> bai vie't dUde dupc tac gia Pham Dinh Tan<br /> dan ra trong cdng trinh ciia minh: Chu<br /> <br /> Rghien curu Ljch s&. so 8.20U<br /> nghia de quoc Phdp ud tinh hinh cdng<br /> nghiep d Viet Nam diidi thdi thuoc Phdp.<br /> Cflng vdi tie'n trinh cua viec chie'm dit,<br /> cae nha thUc dan da tien ehiem khdng phai<br /> chi md than eua Ble K:^' r^a ca eac loai mo<br /> kim loai eua nd va khdng chi Ble Ky ma ca<br /> d Trung Ky, Lao va tham ehi nhdm ngo ca<br /> ngudn khoang san eiia cac tinh phia Nam<br /> Trung Qud'c. Va, khdng ehi nhin tha'y gia<br /> tri ve kinh te' eiia nguon tai nguyen md, cac<br /> nha elm quyen, ngay tfl eudi the' ky XIX da<br /> nhin thay y nghia to ldn ve' chinh tri • xa<br /> hdi cua viec khai thac eac khu md, n h l t la cl<br /> nhflng vflng cdn bi eho la "roi logn". Ciing<br /> nhfl ddi vdi chinh sach nhupng dat lap don<br /> dien, chinh quyen thUe dan da hy vpng bien<br /> nhflng khu khai md thanh nhflng trung<br /> tam thUdng mai va thu hut dan cfl ra khdi<br /> nhflng khu vfle qua dong due va nhd viec<br /> khai md ma giai quyd't nhie'u v i n de khac,<br /> ndi tdm lai "nhd't ci^' nhUng khdng phai la<br /> Hiidng tien" ma la "nhieu cdi tien".<br /> Nam 1888, de thu phuc thii linh bang<br /> dang ngfldi Hoa da dau hang la A Coc<br /> Thfldng, ehinh phii bao hd chap nh^n<br /> nhfldng md vang Ha Hien d Cao Bang cho<br /> A (mo vang nay vd'n do A khai thac trUfic<br /> day). Khdng nhflng vay cdn ddng y elp cho<br /> A dung cu khai thac va gao an cho 80 nh^n<br /> cdng ngfldi Hoa trong 2 thang (10), mac dii<br /> theo quy dinh thi chi cdng dan, t h i n dan va<br /> dan bao hd Phap mdi dfldc cap nhfldng md 3<br /> Ble Ky va Trung Ky.<br /> Nam 1890, khi ngfldi Phap la Jeanning<br /> xin nhfldng cac md vang, bae, kem d dia hat<br /> Lang Giang, huyen Luc Nam, tinh B5c<br /> Giang, Kinh Iflpe Hoang Cao Khai da giii thif<br /> cho Thdng sfl Bic Ky (ngay 3-11-1890) de<br /> nghi: "Vay xin tinh sfle eho nhflng ndi co mo<br /> ay hd thiy ngfldi Tay budn ay (tfle Jeanning)<br /> den khai md ma cd eIn cu li hay la dd dung,<br /> do an gi thi giup cho ngudi ay..." (11).<br /> <br /> Birtmg ldi hinh t€ va myc dich ciJa viec chiem doat..<br /> Ly do dUdc Hoang Cao Khai dua ra la:<br /> "Tinh ky xdt nhU mdt day nui d i t l y la cay<br /> cd ram rap, quan giae nd hay I n len ma tu<br /> hop nhau nay ngudi Tay budn de'n khai mo<br /> dat ddn d dd, ma gifla nhflng quan giae d nfli<br /> ly thi dan sfl se dfldc ddng dao ddn ma lam<br /> thue budn ban, thue nha nfldc se dupe nhid"u<br /> hdn ra thiet la sfl cd ldi ieh lim..." (12).<br /> Trong eae nam 90 the ky XIX, khi tie'n<br /> hanh "binh dinh" ndt eac tinh tren vflng<br /> thfldng du Ble Ky, ben canh viec danh<br /> chiem bing quan sfl, khai thac md dfldc<br /> chinh quyen thudc dia xem la mdt trong<br /> nhflng giai phap quan trpng hang d i u de<br /> duy tri sif "on dinh" va "dep yen" dflpe sfl<br /> "noi logn" cua dan ehung. Trong la thfl giii<br /> Toan quye'n Ddng Dudng ngay 1-3-1890,<br /> Dai ta Gallieni, chi huy Dao quan binh thfl<br /> 2 (Lang Sdn) vid't: "Tdi gtii eho dng la thfl<br /> ciia vien ehi huy tieu khu phd' Binh Gia,<br /> lien quan dd'n nhflng thong tin ma dng ta<br /> dfldc hdi ve' cac md vang cua khu vflc nay.<br /> Tdi r i t d6ng y vdi nhflng ke't ludn ciia vien<br /> SI quan cao cap nay. Dd la:<br /> Nhiem vu d i u tien cua chflng ta la danh<br /> ngudn tai nguyen md ciia vflng Thupng du<br /> Bic Ky cho cac nha thflc dan. Nhflng,<br /> chung ta cung phai tinh dd'n tinh hinh<br /> chinh tri Men nay ciia xfl sd nay.<br /> ... Hien nay dan cac lang trd ve sau cudc<br /> ehinh phue (tfle vide pha nhflng bang dang<br /> ngfldi Hoa trdn vflng thfldng du - TTT) da<br /> yeu clu dflpe trd lai vdi cdng vide khai md<br /> trfldc day. Kd't qua ma hp tflng thu dupc va<br /> sd thu dfldc that it di do ky thuat qua sd<br /> ding, nhflng cflng du de cho phep hp tdn tai<br /> v& gin hp vdi d i t dai, tranh cho hp quay trd<br /> lai vdi cac bang cfldp ma hp da tflng phuc vu<br /> rfl't tan tuy do hp khdng the lam khac. Bdi<br /> trudc khi ngfldi Phap tdi Ble Ky, eac md<br /> vftng b day la do eac bang dang ngfldi Hoa<br /> tid'n hanh khai thae... Nay phai khdi phue<br /> <br /> lai nhflng md dd de keo ngfldi ban xfl trd lai<br /> vdi cdng vide yen on va du de sinh ldi va tdi<br /> da edging he't sfle de lam dflpe viec dd.<br /> Dd eung chinh la ddi vdi nhflng thd md<br /> cua md Td'ng Tinh, gin Nguyen Binh, Cao<br /> Bing. Cung nhfl vay ve' phia Ngan Sdn...<br /> Ndi tdm lai, viec trd lai vdi cdng viee<br /> khai md la mpt phan ciia ehfldng trinh binh<br /> dinh b Dao quan binh thfl hai. Ne'u ngflng<br /> cdng viec nay thi se tfldc mat eiia ngfldi dan<br /> phUdng tien song va cd the se nem hp trd<br /> lai vdi hang ngu cua cac bang cfldp" (13).<br /> 6 Trung Ky, nam 1890, Cotton xin<br /> nhfldng md than Nong Sdn vdi dfl dinh se<br /> lap van phdng d Ndng Sdn, xay dflng 1<br /> dfldng day dien thoai keo tfl Da Nang vao<br /> va mdt dfldng xe liia ndi gifla Ndng Sdn va<br /> Da Ning... Ngay 30-5-1890, Brou Thanh<br /> tra, Chanh chu Sd Bflu dien b Trung K;^ giii<br /> Kham sfl ndi rd ldi ich eiia viec nhupng md<br /> Ndng Sdn la: "Lam nhU vay, Ndng Sdn se<br /> trd thanh 1 trung tam dan cfl va mot nguon<br /> thu ve buon ban cho chinh quyen..." (14) va<br /> td y mudn trd giup md vi "Chinh quyen cao<br /> cap cbo rang tfldng lai ciia xfl bao hd gin<br /> lie'n vdi ngudn tai nguyen md va mudn trp<br /> giup b mflc cd the" (15).<br /> Nam 1889, trong Bao eao ngay 4-8-1889,<br /> Chi huy quan sfl Ngan Sdn gifi Chi huy<br /> quan sfl Cao Bing bao cao ve" viec khai thac<br /> mo bac Lucie d Cao Bang, cd doan; "... quan<br /> trpng hdn la viec khai md khdng chi vi ly do<br /> ldi nhuan ma cdn la vi de Ily lai eho vung<br /> nay nhflng boat ddng ma no cd tfl xfla kia...<br /> Viec khai thae thue day thd md md rdng<br /> chd va md ra mdt thi trfldng mdi cho san<br /> xuat ndng nghiep ciia xfl nay tang gip ddi<br /> trong mdt thdi gian ngin sil giau cd eiia<br /> khu vfle.<br /> Cin tie'p tuc khai thac de Ily lai sfl thinh<br /> vfldng da mat tfl 30 nam nay, din dan trd lai<br /> <br /> Rghien cihi Lich si^. so 8.2Q14<br /> md (vi md nay trfldc day (1860) da dflpe<br /> Amock khai thac nhflng sau bi bd)" (16).<br /> Cung vd' md nay, ngay 29-1-1896, tfldng<br /> Duehemin, chi huy quan dpi Dong Dfldng<br /> giii Tong thfl ky Phu toan quyen Ddng<br /> Dfldng cdn viet: "Tdi nghi... khong phai chi<br /> la mpt va'n de kinh te' ma cdn ca ve quan<br /> sfl. Viec do - tflc viec khai thac md dem lai<br /> viec lam eho mgt so' ngfldi khdng cd ngudn<br /> sd'ng nao khae la lam giae cfldp. Bang cfldp<br /> Quay Cuo'c Ly San va Chung Qui Hoa, da<br /> chie'm vung Lung Ket vao nam 1889 ndi<br /> Dai iiy Ramadre bi gie't chet nam 1890, da<br /> dupc hinh thanh chinh la tfl cac cUu thd<br /> mo. Vide khai thac md se dfla chu md cu<br /> (tfle Amock) ve" trong vung...<br /> Viec cap nhfldng tam thdi md nay cho<br /> ngfldi ban xfl se c6 hieu qua la keo trd lai<br /> vung nay mdt sd kha ldn cong nhan ngfldi<br /> Hoa" (17).<br /> Nam 1898, khi ehuan bi xay dflng mo<br /> s i t Ban VUdc (Lao Cai) thanh mot khu<br /> cdng nghiep vdi viec khai thac md sat, xay<br /> dflng 16 cao, vdi nhan cdng ngUdi Viet,<br /> ngUcii Hoa va vdi than ciia Van Nam, ky sfl<br /> mo Belard cho ring: "Viec lap mpt trung<br /> tam cong nghiep tai thung lung song Hong<br /> chi CO thd la mot sU kien rat td't. Nd se la<br /> hat nhan thu hut dan cfl de'n cU tru tai<br /> vung nay, dan vflng cao se xud'ng it nhat la<br /> vao mfla ddng, dan tfl Van Nam cflng di cfl<br /> xuo^ng. Hdn nfla, khu cong nghiep nay se<br /> giiip cho viec budn ban tren tuyen dfldng<br /> sat dfldc dam bao va hap dan" (18).<br /> Nam 1915, trong Thdng tu torn t i t ngay<br /> 24-3-1915 ciia Tdng Thanh tra Cdng chinh<br /> Dong Dudng cd doan: "Viec duy tri hoat<br /> ddng khai thac md co the bieu hien hai ldi<br /> ich ciia dia phfldng: chinh tri va kinh te.<br /> Lpi ich ve chinh tri nam d cho trudc he't<br /> the hien trong viec ed' dinh mpt dan cfl cu li<br /> md, nhflng ngfldi bi tfldc doat mpi phfldng<br /> <br /> tien sinh song, ed the tao thanh yd'u td cua<br /> rdi loan, nhat la khi nd bao gdm ca nhflng<br /> ngfldi Hoa, gan nhfl ludn la nhflng phin tii<br /> "khdng mong mud'n" (indesivables). Ching<br /> ban nhfl sfl hien dien d Ke Bao, 3 nhan<br /> vien ngfldi Au va mpt dan efl tfldng dfldng<br /> vdi hdn 300 ngfldi Hoa.<br /> Tdi b i n g long t n n h bay, sau day, mdt vai<br /> nhan xet ve tam quan trpng tren phUdng<br /> didn kinh td' cua mdt so' md xflng dang dfldc<br /> ke de'n d Bic va Trung Ky..." (19).<br /> Tom lai, xam Ifldc thupc dia, mue tieu cua<br /> ngfldi Phap khdng phai chi ddn thuan la bie'n<br /> thupc dia thanh thi trfldng tieu thu hang hoa<br /> ma cdn bien thupc dia thanh ndi cung cap<br /> nhflng nguon nguyen lieu can cho cac nganh<br /> cdng nghiep va thfldng nghiep Phap.<br /> Va, khong chi nhin tha'y gia tri ve kinh<br /> te cua nguon tai nguyen md, cac nha cam<br /> quyen Phap, ngay tfl cudi the ky XIX da<br /> nhin thay nhflng tac dung to ldn ve' chinh<br /> tri - xa hpi ciia nganh cdng nghiep khai<br /> thac nay. Nhd vao vide dfla nhflng ngUdi<br /> dan vd'n thupc ve cac bang dang vao khai<br /> thac cac khu md, chinh phii thflc dan hy<br /> vpng CO the binh dinh dfldc nhflng viing con<br /> bi cho la "roi loan". Rdi, mpt khi dflpe dfla<br /> vao khai thae, eac khu md se trd thanh<br /> nhflng trung tam do thi ldn phat trien ca ve<br /> cong nghiep, ndng nghiep va thfldng mai,<br /> dem lai nhieu ldi nhuan cho eho eac nha tU<br /> ban Phap. Ddng thdi nhd vao viec khai mo<br /> ma thu hut dan ra khoi nhflng khu vflc<br /> dong bing, giam bdt sflc ep ve dan so va<br /> giai quye't dfldc nhie'u van de' khac. Ndi torn<br /> lai, khai thac mo khdng phai la mpt hanh<br /> dpng "nha't cit, liidng tien" ma la "nhiiu cdi<br /> tien" dd'i vdi ca ehinh quye'n va gidi tfl ban<br /> thflc dan.<br /> Vi the, ngay tfl khi tie'n ehiem Viet Nam,<br /> thflc dan Phap da khdng cham t r i chie'm<br /> <br /> I<br /> <br /> I<br /> <br /> Birimg loi hinh te va mue dich ciJa vice ehiem doat..<br /> doat quyen quan ly doi vdi khoi cdng san md<br /> <br /> tri^n cua nganh cdng nghiep md da keo<br /> <br /> tfl tay ehinh phii Nam trieu va tid'n chie'm<br /> <br /> theo nhflng thay doi quan trpng trong ddi<br /> <br /> din cac khu mo d cac xfl Bic Ky va Trung<br /> <br /> sdng kinh te, chinh tri, xa hdi eua xa hdi<br /> <br /> Ky cua Viet Nam, rdi dfla cae khu md da<br /> <br /> thude dia, tao cho phong trao d i u tranh<br /> <br /> ehiem dupe vko khai thae. Tren thflc te, cdng<br /> <br /> giai phdng dan tdc cua nhan dan Viet Nam<br /> <br /> cupc nay cho den khi ke't thue chd' dp thudc<br /> <br /> mdt Idi the' ngoai y muon cua Phap. Do<br /> <br /> dia b Ddng Dfldng ndi chung da dem lai cho<br /> <br /> chinh la sfl ldn manh ciia dpi ngii edng<br /> <br /> chinh phii thflc dan eung nhfl gidi thflc dan<br /> <br /> nhan mo ndi ridng, ciia giai cap cdng nhan<br /> <br /> ngfldi Phap nhflng ngudn ldi nhuan khdng Id<br /> <br /> Viet Nam ndi ehung, lflc lfldng se lanh dao<br /> <br /> cung nhflng ldi ich tren nhidu linh vflc.<br /> <br /> phong trao dan tde danh do chinh che' dp<br /> <br /> Tuy nhien, cflng vdi sU phat trien eua<br /> nen kinh te thude dia ndi ehung, sU phat<br /> <br /> CHU<br /> <br /> thudc dia de xay dflng nen Nha nfldc kieu<br /> mdi b Viet Nam vao ngay 2-9-1945.<br /> <br /> THICH<br /> <br /> (*), Nghien cilu nay diroc tai trO bdi Quy phat<br /> triln khoa hpc va C5ng nghe Quo'c gia (Nafosted)<br /> trong d l tai ma so IVI.2-2011.16 (10/2012/IV/HD •<br /> KHXH).<br /> (1). Dikn theo Charles Robequain: L'Evolution<br /> economique de I'lndochine fran(;aise, Paris, 1939,<br /> tr. 146.<br /> (2). J. Harmand' Bomination et Colonisation,<br /> 1910, p. 311. D i n theo Charles Robequain:<br /> L'Evolution economique de I'lndochine<br /> francaise,<br /> Paris, 1939, tr. 146<br /> (3). De Lanessan. La Colonisation francaise en<br /> Indochine, Paris 1895, tr. 250-251.<br /> (4). Albert Sarraut: La mise en valeur des<br /> colonies frant^aises, Paris. 1923, tr. 75.<br /> (5). Trung tam Luu trfl Quoc gia (TTLTQG) IV<br /> Dh Lat. RSA/HC/IU Reaction des colons francais<br /> relative k ...<br /> (6), (7). En Indochine - Du sous-sol. Conference<br /> de M. J. - Marc Bel. Paris 1901, tr. 6. 18. Dkn theo<br /> Pham Dinh Tan: Chu nghia dequd'c Phdp va tinh<br /> hinh cdng nghiep d Viit Nam dUdi thdi thudc Phdp.<br /> Nxb. SiJ th^t, Hfl Noi, 1959, tr. 105.<br /> (8), (9). Henri Charpentier: Le devellopement<br /> industriel et minier du Tonkin, tr. 4, 5. 6.<br /> Din theo Pham Dinh Tan: ChU nghia de qud'c<br /> Phdp.. Sdd. tr. 36, 37.<br /> <br /> (10),<br /> <br /> TTLTQG I-Ha Noi. RST. 76985. A/S<br /> de la mme d'or de Ha Hien a I'ancien Chef<br /> <br /> de soumissionnaire A Coc ThUdng 1888.<br /> (11). TTLTQG I -Ha Noi. RST. 76763. Demande<br /> en concession de mines h Luc Nam (Bfic Giang)<br /> formulae par Jeanning fils 1890-1891.<br /> (12). TTLTQG I - Ha Noi. RST. 76763.<br /> (13), TTLTQG<br /> <br /> I<br /> <br /> Ha Noi. RST. 77064.<br /> <br /> Demande d'exploitation des mines d'or a Pho Binh<br /> Gia. Lang Sdn, 1895.<br /> (14). TTLTQG IV. Da Lat, RSA.-HC-126 RSA HC-126 Mine Nong Sdn. Quang Nam<br /> (15). TTLTQG IV Da Lat. RSA.-HC-126.<br /> (16). TTLTQG I Ha Noi. RST, 76987, Mine<br /> d'Argent de "Lucie" a Compagie Bedat et Saint<br /> Marthurin<br /> (17). TTLTQG I Ha Noi. RST. 76987-1, A/S<br /> concession de la mine d'Argent de Lucie a Cao<br /> Bang de Bedat 1888-1895, ky sil ngu tai Hai<br /> Phong 1896-1901<br /> (18).<br /> <br /> TTLTQG<br /> <br /> I<br /> <br /> Ha<br /> <br /> Noi. GGI. 2471.<br /> <br /> Renseignements sur les gisements de fer au<br /> Tonkin et miniere a 1900.<br /> (19), TTLTQG l Ha Noi<br /> exploitation<br /> <br /> RST, 69.980. AS<br /> <br /> des concessions mineres dans les<br /> <br /> provinces au Tonkin 1913-1915<br /> <br />