easier english basic dictionary second edition_part2

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bid shopping on her bicycle. ing to ride a bicycle. bid 31 He’s learnbind bit the demand for payment. (NOTE: bins – binning – binned) bid /bd/ noun 1. an offer to buy something at a particular price His bid for the painting was too low. 2. an attempt to do something she made a bid for power she tried to seize power í verb to make an offer to buy something at an auction He bid £500 for the car. (NOTE: bids – bidding – bid) bind /band/ verb 1. to tie someone’s hands or feet so they cannot move They bound her arms with a rope. 2. to tie...

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Basic.fm Page 31 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bid 31 bit shopping on her bicycle. He’s learn- the demand for payment. (NOTE: bins – ing to ride a bicycle. binning – binned) bind /band/ verb 1. to tie someone’s bid /bd/ noun 1. an offer to buy some- bind bid hands or feet so they cannot move thing at a particular price His bid for They bound her arms with a rope. 2. to the painting was too low. 2. an attempt tie something or someone to something to do something she made a bid for else Bind the sticks together with power she tried to seize power í verb to strings. They bound him to the chair make an offer to buy something at an with strips of plastic. 3. to force some- auction He bid £500 for the car. one to do something The contract (NOTE: bids – bidding – bid) binds him to make regular payments. 4. big /b / adjective of a large size I don’t big to put a cover on a book The book is want a small car – I want a big one. bound in blue leather. (NOTE: binds – His father has the biggest restaurant in binding – bound – has bound) town. I’m not afraid of him – I’m big- biologist /ba ɒləd st/ noun a scientist biologist ger than he is. We had a big order who does research in biology from Germany. (NOTE: big – bigger – biology /ba ɒləd i/ noun the study of biology biggest) living things bike /bak/ noun a bicycle (informal ) bike bird /b d/ noun 1. an animal with wings bird He goes to school by bike. If the weather’s good, we could go for a bike and feathers, most of which can fly 2. a ride. young woman (informal; usually used by men and sometimes regarded as bill /bl/ noun 1. a piece of paper showing bill offensive by women) the amount of money you have to pay birth /b θ/ noun the occasion of being birth for something The total bill came to born He was a big baby at birth. by more than £200. Ask the waiter for the birth according to the country some- bill. Don’t forget to pay your gas bill. one’s parents come from He is French 2. same as beak The bird was picking by birth. to give birth to a baby to up food with its bill. 3. a proposal have a baby She gave birth to a boy which, if passed by parliament, be- last week. comes law Parliament will consider birthday / b θde/ noun the date on the education bill this week. He has birthday drafted a bill to ban the sale of guns. 4. which someone was born April 23rd US a piece of paper money a 10-dol- is Shakespeare’s birthday. My birth- lar bill day is on 25th June. What do you want billion / bljən/ noun 1. one thousand for your birthday? billion biscuit / bskt/ noun a small flat, usual- million The government raises bil- biscuit lions in taxes each year. 2. one million ly sweet, hard cake (NOTE: The US term million (dated ) 3. a great many Bil- for a sweet biscuit is cookie) lions of Christmas cards are sent every bit /bt/ noun 1. a little piece He tied the bit year. (NOTE: In American English billion bundle of sticks together with a bit of has always meant one thousand mil- string. Would you like another bit of lion, but in British English it formerly cake? 2. the smallest unit of information meant one million million, and it is still that a computer system can handle í sometimes used with this meaning. verb bite to bits 1. into little pieces With figures it is usually written bn: 2. very much thrilled to bits to $5bn say ‘five billion dollars’.) come or fall to bits to fall apart The bin /bn/ noun 1. a container for putting bin chair has come to bits. to take some- rubbish in Don’t throw your litter on thing to bits to take something apart in the floor – pick it up and put it in the bin. order to repair it He’s taking my old This is trial version 2. a container for keeping things in a clock to bits. a bit a little The paint- bread bin í verb to throw something ing is a bit too dark. She always plays away into a rubbish bin He just binned that tune a bit too fast. Let him sleep www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 32 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bite 32 blanket blame /blem/ noun criticism for having a little bit longer. Can you wait a bit? blame I’m not ready yet. Have you got a done something wrong I’m not going piece of wood a bit bigger than this one? to take the blame for something I didn’t for a bit for a short period of time do. to get the blame for something to Can you stop for a bit? I’m getting tired. be accused of something Who got the bite /bat/ verb 1. to cut someone or blame for breaking the window? – Me, bite of course! to take the blame for something with your teeth The dog something to accept that you were re- tried to bite the postman. She bit a sponsible for something bad í verb to piece out of the pie. 2. (of an insect) to blame someone for something, to make a small hole in your skin which blame something on someone to say turns red and itchy She’s been bitten that someone is responsible for some- by a mosquito. (NOTE: bites – biting – bit /bt/ – has bitten / bt(ə)n/) í thing Blame my sister for the awful food, not me. He blamed the accident noun 1. a small amount of food that you on the bad weather. I don’t blame cut with your teeth in order to eat it you I think you’re right to do that I She took a big bite out of the sandwich. don’t blame you for being annoyed, a bite or a bite to eat a small meal 2. when everyone else got a present and a place on someone’s body where it has you didn’t. you have only yourself to been bitten blame no one else is responsible for bitter / btə/ adjective 1. not sweet bitter what happened You have only yourself This black coffee is too bitter. 2. angry to blame if you missed the chance of a because something is not fair She was free ticket. to be to blame for to be re- very bitter about the way the company sponsible for something The manager treated her. 3. causing great disappoint- is to blame for the bad service. ment or unhappiness a bitter winter blank /bl ŋk/ adjective not containing blank night a bitter wind coming from the Arctic Losing her job was a bitter any information, sound or writing, e.g. blow. She took a blank piece of paper and drew a map. Have we got any blank bitterly / btəli/ adverb strongly He bitterly videos left? í noun an empty space, es- bitterly regrets what he said. pecially on a printed form, for some- bitterness / btənəs/ noun 1. a bitter bitterness thing to be written in Just fill in the taste 2. angry feelings His bitterness blanks on the second page – age, occu- at being left out of the England team pation, etc. to go blank to be unable was very obvious. to remember something I went blank black /bl k/ adjective 1. having a very black when they asked what I was doing last Tuesday. When he asked for my work dark colour, the opposite to white a phone number, my mind just went blank. black and white photograph He has black hair. 2. belonging to a race of peo- blank out phrasal verb 1. to cross out ple with dark skin, whose families are or cover a piece of writing The sur- African in origin name had been blanked out. 2. to try to blackboard / bl kbɔ d/ noun a dark blackboard forget something deliberately She board which you can write on with blanked out the days or the memory of chalk, especially on the wall of a class- the days immediately after the car room (NOTE: now often called a ‘chalk- crash. board’) blanket / bl ŋkt/ noun 1. a thick cover blanket blade /bled/ noun 1. a sharp cutting part blade which you put over you to keep warm He woke up when the blankets fell off the blades of a pair of scissors Be the bed. She wrapped the children up careful – that knife has a very sharp in blankets to keep them warm. 2. a blade. 2. a thin leaf of grass 3. one of the This is trial version thick layer a blanket of leaves A long flat parts that spin round on some aircraft engines or to keep a helicopter blanket of snow covered the fields. in the air The motorway was covered in a blanket www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 33 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM blankly 33 blow of fog. 3. a barrier to protect something able to see, especially for a short time a blanket of secrecy í adjective af- She was blinded by the bright lights of fecting everything or everyone a blan- the oncoming cars. ket ban on smoking blindness / blandnəs/ noun the state blindness blankly / bl ŋkli/ adverb not showing blankly of not being able to see The disease any reaction or emotion When the can cause blindness. (NOTE: Some peo- teacher asked him about his homework ple avoid this term as it can cause of- he just stared at her blankly. fence and prefer visual impairment.) blast /blɑ st/ noun 1. an explosion blink /blŋk/ noun to close your eyes and blast blink Several windows were shattered by the open them again very quickly The sudden flash of light made him blink. í blast. 2. a strong current of wind an icy blast from the north 3. a sharp loud verb (of lights) to go on and off The sound from a signal or whistle Three alarm light is blinking. blasts of the alarm means that passen- block /blɒk/ noun 1. a large building block gers should go on deck. í verb to de- They live in a block of flats. 2. a large stroy with a bomb or bullets The bur- piece Blocks of ice were floating in the glars blasted their way into the safe. river. 3. something that prevents some- They blasted their way out of the police thing happening a block on making trap. payments to put a block on some- blaze /blez/ verb to burn or shine strong- blaze thing to stop something happening 4. ly The fire was blazing. The sun same as blockage 1 5. US a section of blazed through the clouds. í noun a buildings surrounded by streets He lives two blocks away. í verb to prevent large bright fire The house was burned down in the blaze. something from passing along some- thing The pipe is blocked with dead bleed /bli d/ verb to lose blood His bleed leaves. The crash blocked the road for chin bled after he cut himself shaving. hours. He was bleeding heavily from his blockage / blɒkd / noun 1. something blockage wound. (NOTE: bleeds – bleeding – bled /bled/) which prevents movement There’s a blockage further down the drain. 2. the blend /blend/ noun something, especial- blend state of being blocked ly a substance, made by mixing differ- blood /bl d/ noun the red liquid that blood ent things together different blends of coffee í verb 1. to mix things together flows around the body Blend the eggs, milk and flour togeth- blossom / blɒs(ə)m/ noun 1. the mass blossom er. 2. (of colours) to go well together of flowers that appears on trees in the The grey curtains blend with the pale spring The hedges are covered with wallpaper. hawthorn blossom. The trees are in bless /bles/ verb to make something holy bless full blossom. 2. a single flower í verb to by prayers The church was blessed by produces flowers The roses were blos- the bishop. (NOTE: blesses – blessing soming round the cottage door. – blessed /blest/) to be blessed blouse /blaυz/ noun a woman’s shirt blouse with to experience happiness or good blow /bləυ/ verb 1. (of air or wind ) to blow things They were blessed with two move The wind had been blowing healthy children. bless you said hard all day. 2. to push air out from your when someone sneezes mouth Blow on your soup if it’s too blew /blu / past tense of blow blew hot. (NOTE: blows – blowing – blew – blind /bland/ adjective not able to see blind to blow your nose to has blown) He went blind in his early forties. blow air through your nose into a hand- kerchief, especially if you have a cold (NOTE: Some people avoid this word as This is trial version She has a cold and keeps having to blow it can cause offence and prefer terms her nose. í noun 1. a knock or hit with such as visually impaired or partially sighted.) í verb to make someone un- the hand He received a blow to the www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 34 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM blue 34 bodyguard head in the fight. 2. a shock, which 2. almost rude His blunt manner often upset people. comes from bad news The election re- sult was a blow to the government. bluntly / bl ntli/ adverb in a direct way bluntly that may upset people blow away phrasal verb 1. to go away by blowing His hat blew away. 2. to blurred /bl d/ adjective not clearly seen blurred make something go away by blowing The paper printed a blurred photo- The wind will blow the fog away. graph of the suspect. blow down phrasal verb 1. to make blush /bl ʃ/ verb to go red in the face be- blush something fall down by blowing Six cause you are ashamed or embarrassed trees were blown down in the storm. 2. She blushed when he spoke to her. to fall down by blowing The school board /bɔ d/ noun 1. a long flat piece of board fence has blown down. something such as wood The floor of blow off phrasal verb to make some- the bedroom was just bare boards. 2. a thing go away by blowing The wind blackboard or chalkboard The teacher blew his hat off. wrote on the board. blow out phrasal verb to make some- boast /bəυst/ verb 1. to have something boast thing go out by blowing She blew out good The house boasts a large garden the candles on her birthday cake. and pond. The town boasts an 18-hole blow over phrasal verb 1. (of a storm golf course. 2. to say how good or suc- or a difficult situation) to end We hope cessful you are í noun the act of talking the argument will soon blow over. 2. to about things that you are proud of knock something down by blowing Their proudest boast is that they never The strong winds blew over several surrendered. trees. boat /bəυt/ noun a small vehicle that boat blow up phrasal verb 1. to make some- people use for moving on water They thing get bigger by blowing into it He sailed their boat across the lake. They blew up balloons for the party. Your went to Spain by boat. When is the front tyre needs blowing up. 2. to de- next boat to Calais? in the same stroy something by making it explode boat in the same difficult situation The soldiers blew up the railway bridge. Don’t expect special treatment – we’re 3. to make a photograph bigger The all in the same boat. article was illustrated with a blown-up body / bɒdi/ noun 1. the whole of a per- body picture of the little girl and her stepfa- son or of an animal He had pains all ther. over his body. (NOTE: The plural is bod- blue /blu / adjective of the colour of the blue ies.) 2. the main part of an animal or sky He wore a pale blue shirt. They person, but not the head and arms and live in the house with the dark blue door. legs She had scars on the arms and í noun the colour of the sky Is there upper part of her body. (NOTE: The plu- a darker blue than this available? out ral is bodies.) 3. the body of a dead per- of the blue suddenly Out of the blue son or animal The dead man’s body came an offer of a job in Australia. was found in the river. Bodies of in- fected cows were burnt in the fields. 4. blues /blu z/ plural noun sad songs from blues the main structure of a vehicle The the southern US Bessie Smith, the factory used to make car bodies. 5. the great blues singer. main part of something You’ll find the blunder / bl ndə/ noun a big mistake, blunder details in the body of the report. (NOTE: often one that causes a lot of embarrass- The plural is bodies.) 6. the thickness ment A dreadful blunder by the goal- of hair The shampoo will give your keeper allowed their opponents to hair body. (NOTE: no plural) score. This is trial version bodyguard / bɒdi ɑ d/ noun 1. a per- bodyguard blunt /bl nt/ adjective 1. not sharp blunt He son who guards someone The man tried to cut the meat with a blunt knife. was stopped by the president’s body- www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 35 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM boil 35 booking bombing / bɒmŋ/ noun an occasion guards. 2. a group of people who guard bombing someone He has a bodyguard of six when someone attacks a place with a people or a six-man bodyguard. bomb or bombs bombings in centre of boil /bɔl/ verb 1. (of water or other major cities a bombing raid by enemy boil aircraft liquid ) to form bubbles and change into bone /bəυn/ noun one of the solid pieces steam or gas because of being heated bone Put the egg in when you see that the wa- in the body, which make up the skeleton ter’s boiling. Don’t let the milk boil. 2. He fell over and broke a bone in his to heat a liquid until it changes into leg. Be careful when you’re eating fish steam Can you boil some water so we – they have lots of little bones. can make tea? 3. to cook food such as bonfire / bɒnfaə/ noun a fire made out- bonfire vegetables or eggs in boiling water doors Boil the potatoes in a large pan. í noun bonnet / bɒnt/ noun 1. the metal cover bonnet an infected swelling He has a boil on over the front part of a car, covering the the back of his neck. engine He lifted up the bonnet and boiling / bɔlŋ/ adjective 1. which has boiling looked at the steam pouring out of the started to boil (i.e. for water, at 100°C) engine. 2. a hat with strings that tie un- Put the potatoes in a pan of boiling der the chin water. 2. also boiling hot very hot It bonus / bəυnəs/ noun 1. extra money bonus is boiling in this room. Sales staff earn a bonus if they sell more bolt /bəυlt/ noun 1. a long piece of metal bolt than their target. 2. an advantage It with a screw, fastened with a round was a bonus that the plane arrived ear- piece of metal called a nut The legs of ly, as we were able to catch an earlier the table are secured to the top with bus home. (NOTE: The plural is bonus- bolts. 2. a long piece of metal which you es.) added bonus an additional ad- slide into a hole to lock a door She vantage I prefer this job and it’s an pulled back the bolts. 3. to make a added bonus that I can walk to work. bolt for it to run away When the bony / bəυni/ adjective 1. thin, so that bony guards weren’t looking two prisoners the bones can be seen easily She was tried to make a bolt for it. í verb 1. to riding a bony horse. He grabbed her run fast suddenly The horse bolted. 2. arm with his bony hand. 2. (of fish) with to run away from someone or something many bones I don’t like kippers, When the boys saw him coming, they they’re usually too bony. (NOTE: bonier bolted. 3. to fasten something with a – boniest) bolt He bolted the door when he went book /bυk/ noun 1. sheets of printed pa- book to bed. The tables are bolted to the floor. to make a bolt for something per attached together, usually with a to rush towards something At the end stiff cover I’m reading a book on the of the show everyone made a bolt for the history of London. He wrote a book door. to make a bolt for it to run about butterflies. 2. sheets of paper to away from someone or something write or draw on, attached together in a When the guards weren’t looking two cover. exercise book, notebook, sketchbook í verb to reserve a place, prisoners tried to make a bolt for it. a seat, a table in a restaurant or a room bomb /bɒm/ noun a weapon which ex- bomb in a hotel We have booked a table for plodes, and can be dropped from an air- tomorrow evening. to book someone craft or placed somewhere by hand on or onto a flight to order a plane tick- The bomb was left in a suitcase in the et for someone else I’ve booked you middle of the station. They phoned to on the 10 o’clock flight to New York. say that a bomb had been planted in the booking / bυkŋ/ noun an arrangement booking main street. Enemy aircraft dropped This is trial version bombs on the army base. í verb to drop to have something such as a seat, hotel bombs on something Enemy aircraft room or a table in a restaurant kept for bombed the power station. you www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 36 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM boom 36 bottled boom /bu m/ noun 1. a sudden increase was born in Scotland. She was born in boom 1989. The baby was born last week. in the amount of money being earned in a country or region, or by a business borne /bɔ n/ past participle of bear borne The economy is improving and everyone borrow / bɒrəυ/ verb 1. to take some- borrow is forecasting a boom for next year. 2. a thing for a short time, usually with the loud deep noise, like the sound of an ex- permission of the owner She bor- plosion There was such a loud boom rowed three books from the school li- that everyone jumped. í verb 1. to in- brary. He wants to borrow one of my crease The economy is booming. CDs. 2. to take money for a time, usual- Sales to Europe are booming. 2. to make ly from a bank Companies borrow a loud deep noise His voice boomed from banks to finance their business. across the square. She borrowed £100,000 from the bank boot /bu t/ noun a strong shoe which boot to buy a flat. Compare lend covers your foot and your ankle or the boss /bɒs/ noun the person in charge, es- boss lower part of your leg long black rid- pecially the owner of a business If you ing boots walking boots ankle boots want a day off, ask the boss. I left be- boot up phrasal verb 1. to make a com- cause I didn’t get on with my boss. puter start 2. (of a computer ) to be start- (NOTE: The plural is bosses.) ed up and made ready for use both /bəυθ/ adjective, pronoun two peo- both border / bɔ də/ noun 1. an imaginary border ple or things together Hold onto the line between countries or regions handle with both hands. Both my They crossed the border into Switzer- shoes have holes in them. Both her land. The enemy shelled several bor- brothers are very tall. She has two der towns. He was questioned by the brothers, both of them in Canada. She border guards. 2. a pattern around the and her brother both go to the same edge of something I don’t like the pink school. I’m talking to both of you. border on the scarf. 3. a patch of soil at bother / bɒðə/ noun trouble or worry the side of a path or an area of grass bother where flowers or bushes are planted í We found the shop without any bother. verb to be along the edge of something It was such a bother getting packed that The path is bordered with rose bushes. we nearly didn’t go on holiday. í verb The new houses border the west side 1. to make someone feel slightly angry, of the park. especially by disturbing them It both- ers me that everyone is so lazy. Stop border on phrasal verb same as bor- bothering me – I’m trying to read. 2. der verb to bother to do something to take the bore /bɔ / noun a dull person who is not bore time or trouble to do something Don’t very interesting I don’t want to sit next bother to come with me to the station – to him, he’s such a bore. í verb to make I can find my way easily. a hole in something Bore three holes bottle / bɒt(ə)l/ noun 1. a tall plastic or bottle close together. glass container for liquids, usually with bored /bɔ d/ adjective not interested in bored a narrow part at the top He opened two what is happening You get very bored bottles of red wine. She drank the wa- having to do the same work every day. ter straight out of the bottle. He I’m bored – let’s go out to the club. bought his wife a bottle of perfume on boredom / bɔ dəm/ noun the state of boredom the plane. 2. confidence (informal ) He being bored hasn’t got the bottle to do it. í verb to boring / bɔ rŋ/ adjective not interesting boring put in bottles The wine is bottled in Germany. Only bottled water is safe I don’t want to watch that TV pro- to drink. gramme – it’s boring. This is trial version bottled / bɒt(ə)ld/ adjective sold in bot- born /bɔ n/ verb to come out of your bottled born mother’s body and begin to live He tles www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 37 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bottom 37 brain bottom / bɒtəm/ noun 1. the lowest after the other. 2. the front part of a ship bottom í verb 1. to bend your body forward as point The ship sank to the bottom of a greeting or sign of respect He bowed the sea. Turn left at the bottom of the to the queen. 2. to bend your head for- hill. Is there any honey left in the bot- wards She bowed her head over her tom of the jar? 2. the far end Go down books. to the bottom of the street and you will bowl /bəυl/ noun 1. a wide, round con- see the station on your left. The shed bowl is at the bottom of the garden. 3. the part tainer for something such as food or wa- of the body on which you sit Does my ter Put the egg whites in a bowl and bottom look big in these trousers? í beat them. 2. the food or liquid con- plural noun bottoms the lower part of a tained in a bowl He was eating a bowl set of clothes He was wearing just his of rice. A bowl of hot thick soup is just track suit bottoms. í adjective lowest what you need in this cold weather. í The jam is on the bottom shelf. He was verb 1. (especially in cricket) to throw a standing on the bottom rung of the lad- ball to a batsman to bowl someone der. (out) to throw the ball to someone and bought /bɔ t/ past tense and past partici- hit his or her wicket 2. (in a game of bought bowls) to roll a bowl along the ground to ple of buy try to get close to the target bounce /baυns/ noun 1. a movement of bounce box /bɒks/ noun 1. a container made of box something such as a ball when it hits a wood, plastic, cardboard or metal, with surface and moves away again He hit a lid The cakes came in a cardboard the ball on the second bounce. 2. energy box. 2. a container and its contents He She’s always full of bounce. í verb to took a box of matches from his pocket. spring up and down or off a surface He gave her a box of chocolates for her The ball bounced down the stairs. He birthday. í verb to fight by punching, kicked the ball but it bounced off the especially when wearing special thick post. In this game you bounce the ball gloves He learnt to box at a gym in the against the wall. East End. bound /baυnd/ noun a big jump í ad- bound boxing / bɒksŋ/ noun a sport in which boxing jective 1. very likely They are bound two opponents fight each other in a to be late. 2. obliged He felt bound to square area wearing special thick gloves help her. He is bound by the contract he signed last year. 3. tied up a bundle boy /bɔ/ noun 1. a male child A boy boy of old letters bound with pink ribbon from our school won the tennis match. The burglars left him bound hand and I knew him when he was a boy. 2. a son foot. í verb to make a big jump, or Her three boys are all at university. 3. move fast suddenly She bounded into the boys men who are friends, or who the room. He bounded out of his chair. play sport together (informal ) The dog bounded into the bushes. boyfriend / bɔfrend/ noun a young or boyfriend bound for on the way to a ship bound older man that someone is having a ro- for the Gulf mantic relationship with She’s got a boundary / baυnd(ə)ri/ noun an imagi- boundary new boyfriend. She brought her boy- nary line or physical barrier separating friend to the party. two things Their behaviour crossed bra /brɑ / noun a piece of women’s un- bra the boundary between unkindness and derwear worn to support the breasts cruelty. The white fence marks the bracelet / breslət/ noun a piece of jew- bracelet boundary between the two gardens. ellery worn around your wrist or arm bow /baυ/ noun 1. the act of bending bow brain /bren/ noun 1. the nerve centre in brain your body forwards as a greeting or sign of respect He made a deep bow to the the head, which controls all the body 2. This is trial version audience. to take a bow to stand on a intelligence to use your brain to stage and bend forwards to thank the au- think sensibly she’s got brains, she’s dience The actors took their bows one got a good brain she’s intelligent www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 38 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM brainy 38 break brainy / breni/ adjective very intelligent bravely / brevli/ adverb in a brave way brainy bravely (informal ) (NOTE: brainier – brainiest) bravery / brevəri/ noun the ability to bravery brake /brek/ noun a part of a vehicle brake do dangerous or unpleasant things with- used for stopping or making it go more out being afraid We admired her brav- slowly Put the brake on when you go ery in coping with the illness. He won down a hill. The brakes aren’t work- an award for bravery. ing! í verb to slow down by pressing a bread /bred/ noun food made from flour bread vehicle’s brakes The driver of the lit- and water baked in an oven Can you tle white van braked, but too late to get a loaf of bread from the baker’s? avoid the dog. She cut thin slices of bread for sand- branch /brɑ ntʃ/ noun 1. a thick part of branch wiches. a tree, growing out of the main part breadth /bredθ/ noun 1. a measurement breadth He hit his head against a low branch. 2. of how wide something is The breadth a local office of an organisation He’s of the piece of land is over 300m. 2. the the manager of our local branch of fact of being full or complete His an- Lloyds Bank. The store has branches swers show the breadth of his knowl- in most towns in the south of the coun- edge of the subject. the length and try. 3. one part of something larger breadth of something everywhere in Genetics is a branch of biology. I’m a place We walked the length and not in contact with the Irish branch of breadth of the field but found no mush- my family. 4. a section of a road, railway rooms. line or river that leads to or from the break /brek/ verb 1. to make something break main part í verb to divide into two or divide into pieces accidentally or delib- more parts erately He dropped the plate on the brand /br nd/ noun a product with a brand floor and broke it. She broke her leg name, made by a particular company when she was skiing. Break the choc- a well-known brand of soap í verb to olate into four pieces. 2. to divide into describe someone or something public- pieces accidentally The clock fell on ly as bad He was branded as a thief. the floor and broke. 3. to fail to carry out The minister was publicly branded a the terms of a contract or a rule The liar in the newspaper. company has broken its agreement. to brand name / br nd nem/ noun the brand name break a promise not to do what you had official name of a product promised to do He broke his promise brand-new / br nd nju / adjective brand-new and wrote to her again. 4. to break it completely new or to break the news to someone to tell brass /brɑ s/ noun 1. a shiny yellow someone bad news We will have to brass break it to her as gently as possible. metal used for making things such as (NOTE: Do not confuse with brake. some musical instruments and door han- Note also breaks – breaking – broke dles The doctor has a brass name /brəυk/ – has broken / brəυkən/.) í plate on his door. 2. musical instru- noun 1. a short pause or rest There ments made of brass, such as trumpets will be a 15-minute break in the middle or trombones the brass section of the of the meeting. without a break with- orchestra He has composed several out stopping They worked without a pieces of music for brass. break. to take a break to have a short brave /brev/ adjective not afraid of do- brave rest We’ll take a break now, and start ing unpleasant or dangerous things It again in fifteen minutes. 2. a short holi- was very brave of him to dive into the day a winter break to break your river to rescue the little girl. (NOTE: journey to stop travelling for a while braver – bravest) í verb to accept un- before going on We’ll break our jour- pleasant or dangerous conditions in or- ney in Edinburgh. This is trial version der to achieve something We braved break down phrasal verb 1. (of a ma- the Saturday crowds in the supermarket chine) to stop working The lift has because we needed bread and milk. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 39 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM breakable 39 breeze on the motorway. A breakdown truck broken down again. The car broke came to tow us to the garage. down and we had to push it. 2. to show breakfast / brekfəst/ noun the first breakfast all the items that are included in a total meal of the day I had a boiled egg for separately Can you break down this breakfast. She didn’t have any break- invoice into travel costs and extras? 3. fast because she was in a hurry. The to become upset and start crying hotel serves breakfast from 7.30 to 9.30 When she got her results she just broke every day. down. 4. to separate a substance into breast /brest/ noun 1. one of two parts breast small parts, or to become separated on a woman’s chest which produce milk Enzymes break down the food. 5. to fail 2. meat from the chest part of a bird Their relationship quickly broke We bought some chicken breasts to make down when he lost his job. The discus- a stir-fry. sions seem likely to break down over the breath /breθ/ noun air which goes into amount of money being offered. breath and out of the body through the nose or break in phrasal verb 1. to break in, mouth We could see our breath in the to break into a building to use force to cold air. out of breath, gasping for get into a building Burglars broke breath having difficulty in breathing into the office during the night. 2. to in- He was out of breath after running all terrupt something that is happening the way to the station. to hold your I’m sorry to break in, but I need to speak breath to keep air in your lungs, e.g. in to Mr McGregor urgently. order to go under water She held her break into phrasal verb to start doing breath under water for a minute. to something When they saw the photos, take a deep breath to breathe in as they broke into laughter. much air as you can to take some- break off phrasal verb 1. to make one’s breath away to surprise some- something come off by breaking He one very much The beautiful view just broke a piece off his pie and gave it to took our breath away. under your the dog. 2. to come off by breaking breath quietly He swore under his The handle broke off the cup in the dish- breath. don’t hold your breath washer. Several branches broke off in don’t expect it to happen He said he’ll the wind. 3. to stop something suddenly pay us next month, but don’t hold your He broke off in the middle of his story. breath! They broke off the discussions. to breathe /bri ð/ verb to take air into the breathe break it off to end a relationship They lungs or let it out Relax and breathe in were going to get married, but she and then out slowly. to breathe deep- broke it off. ly to take a lot of air into the lungs break out phrasal verb 1. to start breathing down someone’s neck al- War broke out between the countries in ways watching and judging what some- the area. 2. to escape Three prisoners one is doing broke out of jail. breathless / breθləs/ adjective finding breathless break up phrasal verb 1. to divide into it difficult to breathe pieces The oil tanker was breaking up breed /bri d/ noun a group of animals or breed on the rocks. 2. (of a meeting) to end plants specially developed with features The meeting broke up at 3 p.m. that make it different from others of the breakable / brekəb(ə)l/ adjective that breakable same type í verb 1. to produce young can break easily animals Rabbits breed very rapidly. 2. breakdown / brekdaυn/ noun 1. a sit- to keep animals which produce young breakdown ones They breed sheep for the meat uation in which someone cannot contin- and the wool. (NOTE: breeds – breed- ue to live normally any more because ing – bred /bred/) This is trial version they are mentally ill or very tired 2. a breeze /bri z/ noun a slight wind A breeze situation in which a machine or vehicle stops working We had a breakdown cool breeze is welcome on a hot day like www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 40 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM brick 40 brown this. í verb to walk around looking very stepped out into the brilliant sunshine. pleased with yourself He breezed into 3. very good (informal ) The way the the meeting carrying a cup of coffee. information is displayed on this website is brilliant. breeze through phrasal verb to do bring /brŋ/ verb to come with someone bring something without any difficulty She or something to this place She brought breezed through the tests in an hour. brick /brk/ noun a hard block of baked the books to school with her. He brick brought his girlfriend home for tea. clay used for building Are you bringing any friends to the par- bride /brad/ noun a woman who is get- bride ty? (NOTE: brings – bringing – ting married or has just married brought /brɔ t/) bridge /brd / noun 1. a road or path bridge bring up phrasal verb 1. to look after built over a road or river so that you can and educate a child He was born in walk or drive from one side to the other the USA but brought up in England. 2. a connection or helpful link between He was brought up by his uncle in Scot- two things A shared interest can be a land. 2. to mention a problem He bridge between old and young. brought up the question of the noise. brief /bri f/ adjective short He wrote a brief brink /brŋk/ noun the brink the time brink brief note of thanks. The meeting was when something is about to happen on very brief. in brief in a few words, or the brink of (doing) something about without giving details We have food to achieve something The company is for only a few days; in brief, the situa- on the brink of collapse. She was on tion is very serious. the brink of a nervous breakdown. briefcase / bri fkes/ noun a case for briefcase British / brtʃ/ adjective relating to the British carrying papers or documents United Kingdom a British citizen briefly / bri fli/ adverb 1. for a short time briefly the British army The British press re- 2. in a few words, or without giving de- ported their death in a plane crash in tails Africa. The ship was flying a British bright /brat/ adjective 1. full of light or bright flag. broad /brɔ d/ adjective very wide a sunlight a bright day a bright room broad bright sunshine or sunlight strong broad river breadth clear light from the sun 2. (of a colour ) broadcast / brɔ dkɑ st/ noun a radio or broadcast very strong They have painted their TV programme The broadcast came front door bright orange. 3. a young live from the award ceremony. person who is bright is intelligent broke /brəυk/ adjective with no money broke Both children are very bright. She’s (informal ) í past tense of break the brightest student we’ve had for broken / brəυkən/ adjective 1. in pieces broken many years. 4. clear and sunny There She tried to mend the broken vase. 2. will be bright periods during the after- not working We can’t use the lift be- noon. 5. happy and pleasant She gave cause it’s broken. me a bright smile. brooch /brəυtʃ/ noun a piece of jewel- brightly / bratli/ adverb 1. in a strong brooch brightly lery fixed onto clothes with a pin (NOTE: clear light or colour A children’s book The plural is brooches.) with brightly painted pictures. The brother / br ðə/ noun a boy or man who brother streets were brightly lit for Christmas. 2. cheerfully She smiled brightly as has the same mother and father as some- she went into the hospital. one else My brother John is three brightness / bratnəs/ noun 1. strong years older than me. She came with brightness her three brothers. clear light 2. strong colour brought /brɔ t/ past tense and past parti- brought brilliant / brljənt/ adjective 1. extreme- brilliant This is trial version ciple of bring ly clever He’s the most brilliant stu- brown /braυn/ adjective 1. with a colour brown dent of his year. She had a brilliant idea. 2. (of light) strong and clear She like earth or wood She has brown hair www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 41 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bruise 41 bull and blue eyes. It’s autumn and the the contents of a bucket They threw buckets of water on the fire. í verb to leaves are turning brown. 2. with skin made dark by the sun He’s very brown pour with rain (informal ) It’s bucket- – he must have been sitting in the sun. ing down outside. bruise /bru z/ noun a dark painful area bud /b d/ noun a place where a new bruise bud on the skin, where you have been hit shoot or flower will grow from on a She had bruises all over her arms. í plant It was spring and the buds on verb to make a bruise on the skin by be- the trees were beginning to open. ing hit or by knocking yourself on budget / b d t/ noun an amount of budget something She bruised her knee on money that can be spent on something the corner of the table. There isn’t enough money in the house- brush /br ʃ/ noun 1. a tool made of a brush hold budget to pay for a new carpet. í handle and hairs or wire, used for doing verb to plan how you will spend money things such as cleaning or painting in the future It would be helpful if you You need a stiff brush to get the mud off learnt to budget. They are having to your shoes. She used a very fine brush budget carefully before going on holi- to paint the details. He was painting day. the front of the house with a large brush. bug /b bug / verb to make someone feel (NOTE: The plural is brushes.) 2. the slightly angry, especially for a long time act of cleaning with a brush She gave (informal ) I can’t remember his name, the coat a good brush. 3. a short argu- and it’s really bugging me! (NOTE: bug- ment or fight with someone He’s had ging – bugged) several brushes with the police recently. build /bld/ verb 1. to make something by build í verb 1. to clean with a brush He brushed his shoes before going to the of- putting its parts together The house fice. Always remember to brush your was only built last year. They are teeth before you go to bed. 2. to go past planning to build a motorway across the something touching it gently She field. 2. to develop something He built brushed against me as she came into the his business from scratch. We need to build a good team relationship. (NOTE: café. builds – building – built /blt/) brush off phrasal verb 1. to clean builder / bldə/ noun a person who builder something off with a brush He brushed the mud off his boots. 2. to ig- builds buildings nore something because it is not very building / bldŋ/ noun 1. something building important So far he has managed to such as a house, railway station or facto- brush off all the complaints about his ry which has been built The flood work. washed away several buildings. His brush up phrasal verb to learn more office is on the top floor of the building. about something You’ll need to brush 2. the action of constructing something up your English if you want to get a job The building of the tunnel has taken as a guide. many years. bubble / b b(ə)l/ noun a ball of air or bubble built /blt/ past tense and past participle built gas contained in a liquid or other sub- of build stance Bubbles of gas rose to the sur- bulb /b lb/ noun 1. a round part of some bulb face of the lake. He blew bubbles in plants, which stays under the ground, his drink. í verb to make bubbles, or and from which leaves and flowers grow have bubbles inside The porridge was She planted spring bulbs all round the bubbling in the pan. house. 2. a glass ball which gives elec- bucket / b kt/ noun 1. an open contain- bucket tric light I need to change the bulb in er with a handle, used mainly for carry- the table lamp. This is trial version ing liquids Throw the water down the bull /bυl/ noun a male animal of the cow bull drain and pass the empty bucket back to me. He filled a bucket from the tap. 2. family www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 42 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bullet 42 bus bullet / bυlt/ noun a piece of metal that at a special price The word-processing bullet package is bundled with the computer. you shoot from a gun He loaded his bungalow / b ŋ ələυ/ noun a house gun with bullets. Two bullets had been bungalow fired. with only a ground floor burden / b d(ə)n/ noun 1. a heavy load bullet point / bυlt pɔnt/ noun a print- bullet point burden He relieved her of her burden. 2. ed symbol like a circle before an item in something that is hard to deal with I a list think he finds running the office at his bully / bυli/ noun a person who often bully age something of a burden. hurts or is unkind to other people He’s burger / b ə/ noun same as hamburg- burger a bully, he’s always trying to frighten er smaller children. (NOTE: The plural is burglar / b lə/ noun a person who bullies.) í verb to be unkind to some- burglar one often She was bullied by the other tries to get into a building to steal things children in school. (NOTE: bullies – burn /b n/ noun a burnt area of the skin burn bullying – bullied) or a surface She had burns on her face bump /b mp/ noun 1. a slight knock bump and hands. There’s a burn on the edge of the table where he left his cigarette. í The boat hit the landing stage with a bump. 2. a raised area Drive slowly, verb 1. to destroy or damage something the road is full of bumps. 3. a raised area by fire All our clothes were burnt in on your body, where something has hit the fire. The hotel was burnt to the it He has a bump on the back of his ground last year. I’ve burnt the toast head. í verb to hit something or a part again. 2. to feel painful, or to make of the body He’s crying because he something feel painful The sun and bumped his head on the door. wind burnt his face. 3. to damage part of the body by heat She burnt her finger bun /b n/ noun a small round piece of bun on the hot frying pan. 4. to be on fire bread or a cake The burgers are All the trees were burning. (NOTE: served in a bun. These buns are too burns – burning – burnt or burned – sweet and sticky. has burnt or burned) bunch /b ntʃ/ noun 1. a group of things bunch burnt /b nt/ adjective destroyed or burnt taken together He carries a bunch of damaged by fire or heat keys attached to his belt. He brought burst /b st/ verb to break open or ex- burst her a bunch of flowers. 2. a group of plode suddenly, or cause something to people I work with a nice bunch. My break open or explode suddenly A wa- friends are a mixed bunch. (NOTE: The ter main burst in the High Street. plural is bunches.) 3. several fruits at- When she picked up the balloon it burst. tached to the same stem a bunch of (NOTE: bursts – bursting – burst – grapes a bunch of bananas has burst) í noun 1. a sudden loud bundle / b nd(ə)l/ noun 1. a parcel of bundle sound There was a burst of gunfire things wrapped up or tied up together and then silence. Bursts of laughter A bundle of clothes was all she owned. came from the office. 2. a sudden effort He produced a bundle of papers tied or activity She put on a burst of speed. up with green string. She left her In a burst of energy he cleaned the clothes in a bundle on the floor. 2. a set whole house. of things sold or presented together a bury / beri/ verb to put someone or some- bury bundle of software í verb 1. to put thing into the ground He was buried things somewhere quickly without be- in the local cemetery. Squirrels often ing careful He bundled the papers bury nuts in the autumn. (NOTE: buries into a drawer. She bundled the chil- – burying – buried) dren off to school. The police bundled This is trial version bus /b s/ noun a large motor vehicle bus him into the back of their van. 2. to sell a software programme at the same time which carries passengers He goes to as you sell hardware, both sold together work by bus. She takes the 8 o’clock www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 43 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bush 43 by butterfly / b təfla/ noun an insect with bus to school every morning. We butterfly missed the last bus and had to walk large brightly coloured wings which home. flies during the day buttocks / b təks/ plural noun the part buttocks bush /bυʃ/ noun a small tree bush a small of the body on which you sit bush with red berries An animal was button / b t(ə)n/ noun 1. a small, usual- button moving in the bushes. (NOTE: The plural ly round piece of plastic, metal or wood is bushes.) that you push through a hole in clothes business / bzns/ noun 1. the work of business to fasten them The wind is cold – do buying and selling things They do a up the buttons on your coat. A but- lot of business with France. She works ton’s come off my shirt. 2. a small round in the electricity business. on busi- object which you push to operate some- ness working The sales director is in thing such as a bell Press this button Holland on business. 2. a company to call the lift. Push the red button to She runs a photography business. He set off the alarm. í verb to fasten some- runs a secondhand car business. (NOTE: thing with buttons He buttoned (up) The plural is businesses.) 3. some- his coat because it was cold. thing that affects a particular person buttonhole / b t(ə)nhəυl/ noun a hole buttonhole it’s none of your business it’s nothing which a button goes through when it is to do with you fastened You’ve put the button in the / bznəs p s(ə)n/ businessperson wrong buttonhole. businessperson buy /ba/ verb to get something by paying buy noun a person who works in business, or who runs a business money for it I bought a newspaper on my way to the station. She’s buying a busy / bzi/ adjective 1. working on or busy flat. She bought herself a pair of ski doing something He was busy mend- boots. What did you buy your mother ing the dishwasher. I was too busy to for her birthday? (NOTE: buys – buy- phone my aunt. The busiest time for ing – bought /bɔ t/) shops is the week before Christmas. 2. buyer / baə/ noun a person who buys buyer full of people The shops are busiest things during the week before Christmas. 3. (of buzz /b z/ noun a noise like the sound buzz a phone line) being used by someone made by a bee the buzz of an electric else, so you cannot get an answer when saw in the garden next door í verb to you call His phone’s been busy all make a noise like a bee Wasps were day. buzzing round the jam. but /bət, b t/ conjunction used for show- but by /ba/ preposition 1. near The house by ing a difference He is very tall, but his is just by the bus stop. Sit down here wife is quite short. We would like to by me. 2. not later than They should come to your party, but we’re doing have arrived by now. You must be something else that evening. í preposi- home by eleven o’clock. It must be fin- tion except Everyone but me is al- ished by Friday. 3. used for showing the lowed to go to the cinema. They had means of doing something Send the eaten nothing but apples. parcel by airmail. Get in touch with the office by phone. They came by car. butcher / bυtʃə/ noun a person who pre- butcher She caught a cold by standing in the pares and sells meat rain. You make the drink by adding butter / b tə/ noun a yellow fat made butter champagne to orange juice. She paid from the cream of milk, used on bread by cheque, not by credit card. 4. used for or for cooking Fry the mushrooms in showing the person or thing that did butter. (NOTE: no plural: some butter ; a something a painting by Van Gogh This is trial version knob of butter) í verb to spread butter a CD recorded by our local group on something She was busy buttering ‘Hamlet’ is a play by Shakespeare. slices of bread for the sandwiches. The postman was bitten by the dog. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 44 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bye 44 bye She was knocked down by a car. 5. used verb past She drove by without seeing for showing amounts We sell toma- us. bye /ba/, bye-bye / ba ba/ interjection toes by the kilo. Eggs are sold by the bye dozen. Prices have been increased by goodbye (informal ) 5%. They won by 4 goals to 2. í ad- This is trial version www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 45 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM C café / k fe/ noun a small restaurant c /si /, C noun the third letter of the alpha- c café selling drinks or light meals We had a bet, between B and D snack in the station café. cab /k b/ noun 1. a taxi cab He took a cab cage /ked / noun a box made of wire or cage to the airport. Can you phone for a with metal bars for keeping birds or an- cab, please? Cab fares are very high imals in The rabbit got out of its cage. in New York. 2. a separate part of a large cagey / ked i/ adjective not wanting to cagey vehicle for a driver The truck driver share information (informal ) They’re climbed into his cab and started the en- being very cagey about their relation- gine. ship. (NOTE: cagier – cagiest) cabbage / k bd / noun a vegetable cabbage cake /kek/ noun food made by mixing cake with large pale green or red leaves fold- flour, eggs and sugar, and baking it a ed into a tight ball piece of cherry cake She had six can- cabin / k bn/ noun 1. a small room on cabin dles on her birthday cake. Have an- a ship We booked a first-class cabin other slice of Christmas cake. calculate / k lkjυ let/ verb to find the on the cruise. 2. the inside of an aircraft calculate The aircraft is divided into three sep- answer to a problem using numbers arate passenger cabins: first-class, The bank clerk calculated the rate of ex- business and tourist. 3. a small hut He change for the dollar. He calculated has a cabin by a lake where he goes fish- that it would take us six hours to finish ing. the job. calculation / k lkjυ leʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. cabinet / k bnət/ noun 1. a piece of calculation cabinet a series of numbers that you obtain furniture with shelves a china cabinet when you are calculating something 2. a committee formed from the most According to my calculations, we have important members of a government enough fuel left to do only twenty kilo- The cabinet met at 10 o’clock this morn- metres. 2. the act of calculating ing. There’s a cabinet meeting every calculator / k lkjυletə/ noun a small calculator Tuesday morning. electronic machine for doing calcula- cable / keb(ə)l/ noun 1. a wire for car- cable tions rying electricity or electronic signals calendar / k lndə/ noun a set of pages calendar He ran a cable out into the garden so showing the days and months of the that he could use the lawnmower. year They’ve been digging up the pavements calf /kɑ f/ noun 1. a young cow or bull 2. calf to lay cables. 2. a thick rope or wire the back part of someone’s leg between The ship was attached to the quay by ca- the ankle and the knee (NOTE: The plural bles. 3. same as cable television is calves /kɑ vz/. The meat from a calf television / keb(ə)l tel cable television cable is veal.) v (ə)n/, cable TV / keb(ə)l ti vi / call /kɔ l/ verb 1. to say something loudly call noun a television system where the sig- to someone who is some distance away nals are sent along underground cables Call the children when it’s time for cactus / k ktəs/ noun a plant with cactus tea. 2. to telephone someone If he This is trial version thorns which grows in the desert (NOTE: comes back, tell him I’ll call him when The plural is cactuses or cacti I’m in the office. Mr Smith is out – / k kta/.) shall I ask him to call you back? Call www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 46 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM callbox 46 can í verb the police – the shop has been burgled! to make someone, or a situation, more peaceful Can you call me a cab, please? 3. to wake someone Call me at 7 o’clock. calm down phrasal verb 1. to become 4. to give someone or something a name quieter and less annoyed After shout- They’re going to call the baby Sam. ing for some minutes he finally calmed His name is John but everyone calls him down. 2. to make someone quieter Jack. What do you call this computer She stroked his hand to try to calm him programme? 5. to be called to have as down. a name Our cat’s called Felix. 6. to calmly / kɑ mli/ adverb in a way that is calmly visit someone or somewhere We not anxious or excited called at the house, but there was no one came /kem/ past tense of come came there. í noun 1. a telephone conversa- camel / k m(ə)l/ noun a desert animal camel tion, or an attempt to get in touch with with long legs and one or two large someone by telephone Were there any round raised parts on its back calls for me while I was out? to make a (telephone or phone) call to make camera / k m(ə)rə/ noun a piece of camera contact with and speak to someone on equipment for taking photographs He the telephone She wants to make a took a picture of the garden with his new call to Australia. to take a call to an- camera. Did you remember to put a swer the telephone 2. a telephone call or film in your camera? short conversation to wake someone camp /k mp/ noun a place where people camp He asked for an early morning call. I live in tents or small buildings in the want a call at 7 o’clock I want someone open air We set up camp halfway up to wake me at 7 o’clock 3. a visit to the mountain. í verb to spend a period someone’s home or place of work The of time in a tent They camped for a doctor made three calls on patients this week by the side of the lake. í to go morning. to make a call to visit some- camping to spend a holiday in a tent one or somewhere, especially on busi- We go camping in Sweden every sum- ness on call available for duty mer. call off phrasal verb to decide not to do campaign /k m pen/ noun 1. an or- campaign something which had been planned ganised attempt to achieve something call on phrasal verb 1. to visit someone a publicity campaign an advertising campaign He’s organising a cam- She called on her mother to see how paign against the new motorway. The she was. 2. to ask someone to do some- government’s planning an anti-smoking thing The police have called on every- campaign. 2. an organised military at- one to watch out for the escaped tack Napoleon’s Russian campaign of prisoner. 1812 í verb to work in an organised call round phrasal verb same as call way to achieve something The group verb 6 The whole family called round has been campaigning for the banning to see if she was better. of landmines. They campaign against callbox / kɔ lbɒks/ noun a public tele- callbox nuclear reactors. phone box I’m phoning from the call- can /k n/ noun a round metal container can box outside the station. (NOTE: The plu- for food or drink He opened a can of ral is callboxes.) lemonade. Empty beer cans were all calm /kɑ m/ adjective 1. not anxious or calm over the pavement. She opened a can excited Keep calm, everything will be of beans. tin í modal verb 1. to be all right. 2. not violent or rough The able to do something He can swim sea was perfectly calm and no one was well but he can’t ride a bike. She can’t seasick. (NOTE: calmer – calmest) í run as fast as I can. Can you remem- This is trial version noun a period of quiet The calm of the ber what the doctor told us to do? I Sunday afternoon was broken by the can’t bear to watch any longer. 2. to be sound of jazz from the house next door. allowed to do something Children un- www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 47 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM canal 47 capital cane /ken/ noun 1. a strong stem of a der 18 can’t drive cars. He says we cane can go in. The policeman says we plant, especially of tall thin plants like can’t park here. 3. to ask politely Can bamboo a raspberry cane 2. a walk- we come in, please? Can you shut the ing stick cut from the stem of some door, please? (NOTE: The negative is types of plant She was leaning heavily cannot, usually can’t. The past tense on a cane as she walked up the path. is could, could not, usually couldn’t. cannot / k nɒt/ can cannot Can and could are only used with oth- canoe /kə nu / noun a boat with two canoe er verbs, and are not followed by the pointed ends, which is moved forwards word to.) í verb to put food in cans by one or more people using long pieces (NOTE: cans – canning – canned) of wood She paddled her canoe canal /kə n l/ noun an artificial river canal across the lake. í verb to travel in a ca- made between rivers or lakes or from noe They canoed down the river. the sea, originally for moving cargo (NOTE: canoes – canoeing – canoed) cancel / k nsəl/ verb to stop something cancel can’t /kɑ nt/ can can’t which has been planned The singer canvas / k nvəs/ noun a thick cloth for canvas was ill, so the show had to be cancelled. making things such as tents, sails or (NOTE: cancels – cancelling – can- shoes He was wearing a pair of old celled) canvas shoes. (NOTE: The plural is can- cancellation / k nsə leʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. cancellation vases.) the act of cancelling something The cap /k p/ noun 1. a flat hat with a flat cap event is subject to cancellation if the hard piece in front a baseball cap weather is bad. 2. a seat, ticket or ap- an officer’s cap with a gold badge 2. a pointment which is available again be- lid which covers something a red pen cause the person who bought it cannot with a black cap Screw the cap back use it If we have a cancellation for on the medicine bottle. next week I’ll call and let you know. capability / kepə blti/ noun the prac- cancer / k nsə/ noun a serious disease capability cancer tical ability to do something We have affecting different parts of the body in the capability to produce a better ma- which cells grow in a way which is not chine than this. usual capable / kepəb(ə)l/ adjective able to candidate / k nddet/ noun 1. a per- capable candidate work well and to deal with problems son who applies for a job We inter- She’s an extremely capable manager. viewed six candidates for the post of as- capable of able to do something The sistant manager. 2. a person who has en- car is capable of very high speeds. tered for an examination Candidates She isn’t capable of running the confer- are given three hours to complete the ex- ence without help. am. 3. a person who is taking part in an capacity /kə p sti/ noun 1. an amount election or competing for a prize She capacity accompanied the candidate round the which something can hold This barrel constituency. 4. someone or something has a larger capacity than that one. that is likely to be chosen for or be The cinema was filled to capacity. to something a city that is a candidate work at full capacity to do as much for the next Olympics work as possible 2. the situation that candle / k nd(ə)l/ noun a stick of wax candle someone is in or the job they have act- ing in his capacity as manager acting with a string in the centre, which you as a manager speaking in an official burn to give light capacity speaking officially candy / k ndi/ noun 1. US a sweet food candy capital / k pt(ə)l/ noun 1. the main capital made with sugar Eating candy is bad for your teeth. (NOTE: no plural in this city of a country, usually where the gov- This is trial version sense) 2. one piece of this food She ernment is The capital is in the east- bought a box of candies. (NOTE: The ern part of the country. Madrid is the capital of Spain. 2. money which is in- plural in this sense is candies.) www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 48 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM captain 48 careless vested a company with £10,000 capi- of cards a period of playing with a spe- cial set of cards tal or with a capital of £10,000. 3. also cardboard / kɑ dbɔ d/ noun thick card, capital letter a letter written as A, B, C, cardboard D, etc., rather than a, b, c, d, etc. often used for making boxes (NOTE: no captain / k ptn/ noun 1. a person in plural: some cardboard; a piece of captain cardboard) charge of a team The two captains care /keə/ noun 1. serious and careful at- care shook hands at the beginning of the tention He handled the glass with match. 2. a person in charge of a ship or great care. to take care to be very aircraft The captain greeted us as we careful Take care when you cross the came on board. Captain Smith is fly- road. He took great care with the box ing the plane. 3. a rank in the army of glasses. Take care not to be late. 2. above a lieutenant and below a major looking after someone the care of the (NOTE: When used as a title before a elderly to take care of someone to surname, it is spelt with a capital letter look after someone Will you take care and is often written as Capt.) of the children for the weekend for me? capture / k ptʃə/ verb 1. to take some- capture í verb to be worried I don’t care if my one as a prisoner Four soldiers were car is dirty. She cares a lot about the captured in the attack. 2. to take some- environment. someone couldn’t thing by force, especially in war They care less used to show that someone captured the enemy capital very quickly. does not worry at all about something car /kɑ / noun 1. a small private motor car Paul couldn’t care less about what we think – he’s got his own plans. vehicle for carrying people He drove his car into the garage. He goes to his care for phrasal verb 1. to like some- office every morning by car. 2. US a car- one or something I don’t care for this riage of a railway train Is there a res- music very much. I met her once, but taurant car on the train? I didn’t much care for her. Would you caravan / k rəv n/ noun a vehicle caravan care for another cup of coffee? 2. to look after people Nurses cared for the which you can live in, especially on hol- injured people after the accident. iday, and which, if small enough, can be People who have to care for their elder- attached to a car and pulled along We ly relatives need extra help. got stuck behind a caravan on a narrow career /kə rə/ noun the work someone career road. We rent a caravan near the does throughout their life She is start- beach every summer. ing her career as a librarian. He gave card /kɑ d/ noun 1. a flat piece of stiff card up his career as a civil servant and paper with a picture on one side, which bought a farm. you can send with a message They careful / keəf(ə)l/ adjective 1. showing careful sent us a card from Italy. How much attention to details We are always very does it cost to send a card to Australia? careful to include the most recent infor- postcard 2. a piece of stiff paper, mation. The project needs very care- folded so that a message can be written ful planning. 2. taking care not to make inside She sent me a lovely card on my mistakes or cause harm Be careful not birthday. 3. a piece of stiff paper with a to make any noise – the baby is asleep. picture or pattern on it, used to play She is very careful about what she games 4. a piece of stiff paper with your eats. name and address printed on it He carefully / keəf(ə)li/ adverb with great carefully gave me his business card. I’ve lost care or thought The holiday had been my membership card. 5. a piece of stiff carefully planned or planned carefully. plastic used for payment Do you want careless / keələs/ adjective without any to pay cash or by card? í plural noun careless This is trial version cards the entertainment of playing care or thought He is careless about games with a special set of cards with his work. He made several careless numbers or patterns on them a game mistakes when he took his driving test. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 49 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM carelessly 49 cassette carelessly / keələsli/ adverb without carelessly carry out phrasal verb to do some- taking care or thinking carefully thing, especially something that has carelessness / keələsnəs/ noun the been planned Doctors carried out carelessness tests on the patients. The police are fact of being careless or not thinking carrying out a search for the missing carefully man. caretaker / keətekə/ noun a person caretaker cartoon /kɑ tu n/ noun 1. a film made cartoon who looks after a building of moving drawings I like watching cargo / kɑ əυ/ noun goods carried on a cargo Tom and Jerry cartoons. 2. a funny, of- ship or a plane ten political, drawing in a newspaper caring / keərŋ/ adjective kind and help- caring carve /kɑ v/ verb 1. to cut up a large carve ful a very caring person piece of meat at a meal Who’s going car park / kɑ pɑ k/ noun a public place car park to carve the chicken? 2. to make a shape where you can leave a car when you are by cutting stone or wood He carved a not using it bird out of wood. carpet / kɑ pt/ noun thick material for carpet case /kes/ noun 1. a box with a handle, case covering floors He spilt his coffee on for carrying things such as your clothes our new cream carpet. when travelling She was still packing carriage / k rd / noun 1. one of the carriage her case when the taxi came. The cus- toms made him open his case. suit- vehicles that are joined together to make case 2. a special box for an object a train Where’s the first-class carriage Put the gun back in its case. I’ve lost on this train? 2. a vehicle, especially an my red glasses case. 3. a large box for a old-fashioned one, that is pulled by a set of goods to be sold He bought a horse 3. the cost of carrying goods, or case of wine. 4. a situation, or a way in the action of carrying goods Carriage which something happens a case of is 15% of the total cost. How much do having made a poor choice In many they charge for carriage? cases, we cannot find the owner of the carried / k rd/ past tense and past par- carried goods. in that case if that happens or ticiple of carry if that is the situation There is a strike carries / k riz/ 3rd person singular carries on the underground – In that case, present of carry you’ll have to take a bus. 5. same as carrot / k rət/ noun 1. a vegetable with carrot in case because some- court case a long orange root 2. something good thing might happen It’s still sunny, but that persuades you to do something I’ll take my umbrella just in case. in (informal ) He was offered the carrot any case 1. whatever may happen of a big pay rise to take on the new We could move the cabinet upstairs or project. into the dining room, but in any case carry / k ri/ verb 1. to take something we’ll need some help. 2. used to add carry something to a statement and move it to another place There cash /k ʃ/ noun money in coins and was no lift, so they had to carry the beds cash up the stairs. The plane was carrying notes, not in cheques We don’t keep 120 passengers. That suitcase is too much cash in the office. I’d prefer to heavy for me to carry. 2. (of sound ) to use up my spare cash, rather than pay be heard at a distance The sound of the with a credit card. bells carries for miles. (NOTE: carries – cash in phrasal verb to make money carrying – carried) to get carried from something The company cashed away to become emotional or excited in on the huge interest in computer carry on phrasal verb to continue do- games. cassette /kə set/ noun a plastic case ing something When the teacher came cassette This is trial version in, the students all carried on talking. containing magnetic tape which can be They carried on with their work right used for listening to words or music, or through the lunch hour. recording sounds Do you want it on www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 50 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM cast 50 ceiling cassette or CD? He bought a cassette seems such a good deal, but there must of folk songs. We recorded the poems be a catch in it somewhere. onto a cassette. catch up phrasal verb to move to the cast /kɑ st/ noun all the actors in a play cast same level as someone who is in front of or film The film has a large cast. í you verb to choose actors for a play or film catching / k tʃŋ/ adjective (of an ill- catching In his first film, he was cast as a sol- ness) likely to spread from one person dier. (NOTE: casts – casting – cast) to another castle / kɑ s(ə)l/ noun a large building castle category / k t (ə)ri/ noun one of the category with strong walls built in the past for groups that people, animals or things are protection in war The soldiers shut the divided into in a formal system We castle gate. grouped the books into categories ac- casually / k jυəli/ adverb in an infor- casually cording to subject. (NOTE: The plural is mal way He casually mentioned that categories.) he had got married last Saturday. caterpillar / k təplə/ noun a small caterpillar cat /k t/ noun an animal with soft fur cat long insect with many legs, which de- and a long tail, kept as a pet velops into a butterfly Caterpillars catalogue / k t(ə)lɒ / noun a list of have eaten most of the leaves on our catalogue trees. things for sale or in a library or museum an office equipment catalogue Look cathedral /kə θi drəl/ noun the largest cathedral up the title in the library catalogue. í and the most important church in an verb to make a list of things that exist area somewhere She spent months cata- cattle / k t(ə)l/ plural noun animals cattle loguing the novelist’s correspondence. such as cows and bulls which farmers catch /k tʃ/ verb 1. to take hold of catch keep for milk or meat something moving in the air Can you caught /kɔ t/ past tense and past partici- caught catch a ball with your left hand? He ple of catch managed to catch the glass before it hit cause /kɔ z/ noun 1. something which the floor. 2. to take hold of something cause She caught him by the sleeve as he makes something else happen What is turned away. As he slipped, he caught the main cause of traffic accidents? the rail to stop himself falling. 3. to get The police tried to find the cause of the hold of an animal, especially in order to fire. 2. an aim, organisation or idea kill and eat it He sat by the river all which people support She is fighting day but didn’t catch anything. Our cat for the cause of working mothers. í is no good at catching mice – she’s too verb to make something happen The lazy. 4. to get on a vehicle such as a bus, accident caused a traffic jam on the mo- plane or train before it leaves You will torway. The sudden noise caused her have to run if you want to catch the last to drop the cup she was carrying. bus. He caught the 10 o’clock train to cautious / kɔ ʃəs/ adjective not willing cautious Paris. 5. to get an illness He caught a to take risks She’s a very cautious cold from his colleague. 6. to find some- driver. one doing something wrong She cave /kev/ noun a large underground cave caught the boys stealing in her shop. hole in rock or earth The police caught the burglar as he was climbing out of the window. 7. to hear CD CD abbr compact disc You can get it on something I didn’t quite catch what CD. you said. (NOTE: catches – catching – cease /si s/ verb to stop, or to stop doing cease caught /kɔ t/ – has caught) í noun 1. something (formal ) the action of taking and holding a ball as This is trial version ceiling / si lŋ/ noun the solid part of a ceiling it moves through the air He made a marvellous catch. I dropped an easy room that is above you He’s so tall, he catch. 2. a hidden disadvantage It can easily touch the ceiling. He paint- www.adultpdf.com

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