Electronic Spectroscopy 1

Deviations from Beer’s law (i.e. deviations from the linearity of absorbance vs. concentration): – Intermolecular interactions at higher concentrations – Chemical reactions (species having different spectra) – Peak width/polychromatic radiation Beer’s law is only strictly valid with single-frequency radiation Not significant if the bandwidth of the monochromator is less than 1/10 of the half-width of the absorption peak at halfheight.