Giải pháp tự động phát hiện ùn tắc giao thông

"Giai phap tif dong phat hien Cin t i c giao ngudi tham gia giao thdng tren dutag ctog chita Id<br /> t h o n g " dua tren y tu'dng phat svt un tac cua sd ede thue bao di dong vd ta tie giao thdng cilng<br /> cac thue bao di dong tren doan dUdng dd, chita Id ta tie sd thue bao di ddng, vdi ddc dllm:<br /> tren ctf sd ap dung quan ly vj t r i thue bao cua * Sd ngudi (hay sd thue bao di dpng) tap trung tai<br /> cac nha mang, cac ky thuat phat hien vj t r i doan dutag dd rat ddng vd trong mdt khoang thdi<br /> thue bao va cd sd ha tang s i n co cua mang gian khd ddi.<br /> vien thong. Giai phap nay it phai dau tu" kinh Do dd, viec phdt Men ta tic giao thdng ctag<br /> phi va hoan toan co tinh tiT dong. chita Id phdt Men ddc diem tren.<br /> Cung vdi VOV Giao Thong FM 9 1 MHz, mpt<br /> kenh phat thanh rat hu'u ich cua Dai tieng TONG QUAN QUAN LY VI TRI THUE BAO<br /> noi Viet Nam thong bao tinh trang giao thong DI DQNG<br /> cua Ha Npi va TP.H'6 Chi Minh, giai phap nay<br /> Mdt mang di dpng bao gdm nhllu ceU (te bdo),<br /> cung se gop phan ho t r d thong bao kjp thdi<br /> trang tdm ciia mdi ceU ndy Id mpt trpm thu phat<br /> tinh hinh giao thong den vdi ngu'di dan.<br /> sdng BTS (Base Transceiver Station). Vtag phu sdng<br /> cua mang dupe phii km bdi cdc ceU ndy. Bdn kmh<br /> G i a i THIEU cita mdt ceU ttong vtag ndng thdn Id vai km hodc<br /> Hien nay d nuac ta vd tten thi gioi, vdi su phdt tdi hdng chue km, ttong viing dd tM Id vdi trdm mdt.<br /> triln mpta me cita ede edng nghe viin thdng, ti le 6 Hd Npi vd TP.Hd CM Mita bta kmh trong vdng<br /> ngudi ddn cd dien thoai di dpng Id rat cao, dac biet 300-SOOm.<br /> Id tai khu vuc dd thi. Cdc thdta phd Ita cua Viet Quan ly vj t r i thue bao trong mang GSM<br /> Nam tau Hd Npi va TP.Hd CM Mita tM hau tau ai GSM la mang chuyen mach keta (eUcuit-<br /> cUng ed it taat mpt cMec dien thoai di dpng. KM switehed). Mire dp phan cap tad dan trong quan<br /> tham gia giao thdng tM ngudi ta thutag mang theo ly vi tri cua mang GSM la GSM Service Area — MSC<br /> dien thoai di dpng eiia mita. Vi vay cd the coi sd<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 56 TAP CHi CNTT&TT KY 1 (6.2010 )<br />  SAN PHAM DICH VU<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> LA, Location Area<br /> MSC Mobile Switching Center<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 1: Mo hinh phan cap quan ly v| tri thue bao trong mang GSM<br /> <br /> <br /> Area -^ LA (Location Area) -^ CeU (Htah 1).<br /> chuyen mpch gdi (packet-switched), edn WCDMA<br /> Mdt LA bao gdm vdi eeU. LA Id don vi tad taat md dupe ndng cap ta GPRS.<br /> mang quin ly vi tri eua thue bao kM dang rdi (Idle).<br /> Mang GPRS, mite dp phan cap tad dan Id GPRS<br /> Cd ngMa Id thue bao cd thi di chuyen tu do trong<br /> Service Area -^ SGSN Area (Servtag GPRS Support<br /> mpt LA md khdng phai cap taat vi tri (Location<br /> Node Area) —• RA (Routtag Area) -^ CeU. Niu dien<br /> Update), niu nd di ehuyin sang mot LA mdi tM phai<br /> thopi dang d trang thdi READY, mang se quin ly vi<br /> cap taat vi tri cho mang hilt. Cdn kM thue bao dang<br /> tri eeU cua nd vd kM d tiang thai STANDBY, mang<br /> ban (gpi hodc tain tm) tM mang ed thi biet chita<br /> se quan ly vi tri RA eua nd. RA thutag ed kieh thude<br /> xdc vi tri cua thue bao dang d eeU ndo.<br /> tad hon LA.<br /> Htah dang vd sd ceU ciia mpt LA phu thudc vdo<br /> Trong mang WCDMA, cd su kit hpp giiia quan ly vi<br /> ede dllu kien cu thi tai mdi khu vuc. Neu sd ceU ciia<br /> tri giiia mpng GSM vd GPRS. Mdt LA (Location Area)<br /> mpt LA tdng tM mite dp tieu tdn tdi nguyen mang<br /> ciia mang WCDMA gdm vdi RA, mdt RA lpi gdm vdi<br /> cua LU (Location Update) se giam vd Pagtag (tain<br /> URA (UTRAN Registration Area), mpt URA gdm vdi<br /> gpi) se tdng vd ngupe lpi, nen kieh thude eua mdt LA<br /> CeU. Mang se quan ly vi tri cua thue bao theo CeU,<br /> thutag lay d mite trang bUih eua hai yiu td ndy, tpi<br /> URA hay RA tay theo trpng thai cua thue bao.<br /> diiu kien mpt khu vuc cu thi (HUih 2).<br /> Cd sd du' lieu trong quan ly vj trf<br /> Muc do deu<br /> ton tai nguyoi Quin ly vi tri thue bao duoc hd tip bdi cdc co so dii<br /> Paging<br /> Ueu phan tdn. Trong mang GSM, co sd dii Ueu dugc<br /> td chite theo 2 mire, mdt co sd dii Ueu trang tdm<br /> HLR (Home Location Register) vd nMlu co sd dii Ueu<br /> phdn tdn VLR (Visistor Location Register). HLR biet<br /> Location Update<br /> thue bao dang a VLR ndo. VLR biit thue bao dang<br /> 1—I—r Kich tliuoc LA<br /> Kich thiwc LA toi mi<br /> 1 2 3 d LA ndo. VLR thutag dupc tieh hpp ludn vdo MSC<br /> Hinh 2: Tinh kich thube LA dua vao Location Update va Paging nen eiing gpi Id MSC/VLR.<br /> Uu diem eita td chitc dii Ueu hai mite ndy Id kM cd<br /> Quan l y v i t r i trong mang GPRS, W C D M A ( 3 G )<br /> Location Update giiia hai LA thupc ctog mpt MSC<br /> G' ^S dupe ntag cap len ta GSM, GPRS la mang<br /> Area thi viec cap nhat vi tri cM anh hutag dry- ""^1<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI 'Ifi'nc 57<br />  SAN PHAM D I C H V U<br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 1: Cac don vi quan ly vj tri doi vai cac mang GSM, GPRS va WCDMA.<br /> <br /> MSCA'LR SGSN UTRAN<br /> <br /> GSM GPRS WCD\U GPRS ^vcD^L4 ^vcD^L\<br /> Cell No No No Yes No Yes<br /> <br /> IRA - - No - No Yes<br /> <br /> RA (Routing Area) - No No Yes Yes No<br /> <br /> LA (Location Area) Yes Yes Yes No No No<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Chieu nguac Ducms<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Chieu xuoi<br /> Hinh 3: Mo hinh mpt doan dubng can xac dinh un tac<br /> <br /> <br /> MSC/VLR dd md khdng a t a h u t a g tdi HLR. ta, cM can su hop tdc cua mdt trong 3 tad mang<br /> Viettel, VtaaPhone, MobiFone Id ciing du dieu kien<br /> vl sd lupng thue bao de thue Men giai phdp. Ngodi<br /> G I A I PHAP T l / DQNG PHAT HIEN UN<br /> ra, cdc tad mang ludn cd ban dd bd tri cdc BTS, cae<br /> TAC GIAO THONG<br /> LA, RA, URA eua m i t a nen cd t h i lpc dupe cdc thue<br /> Un tie tpi Hd Npi vd t h d t a phd Hd Chl Mita<br /> bao tpi cdc khu vuc can tMit md khu vuc ndy phai<br /> thutag xuyen xay ra vdo gid eao diem, cd nMeu<br /> bao phu mpt doan d u t a g can xac dmh ta tie.<br /> nguyen taan xiy ra ta tie, thutag Id do luu lutag<br /> Tinh bao mat ddi vdi vj tri hien tai ciia cac<br /> ngudi tham gia giao thdng qua ddng vdo cdc thdi<br /> thue bao<br /> dllm ndy.<br /> Vi tri Men tai cita thue bao dl dpng cu the ludn<br /> Mpt diim ta tic giao thdng thutag cd sd ngudi ta<br /> Id mdt thdng tta tapy cam cd tuih bao mat rat eao.<br /> lpi ddng len ta ta vd kM giai tda tM giam di ta ta.<br /> Giai phdp d ddy cM can lay dii Ueu ta cdc tad mang<br /> Ky thuat xac dmh vj tri thue bao<br /> vd thue Men t i t a todn vdi dii Ueu tai tdng ddi vd<br /> De xdc d i t a dupe sd thue bao dang d mpt khu vuc dua ra kit qua Id cdc diem ta tie nen ed the yen<br /> cu the (ed t h i Id CeU, Location Area, Routtag Area, tdm vl t i t a bao mat ddi vdi vi tri cua cdc thue bao.<br /> UTRAN Registration Area) e t a phai lay du Ueu ta eae Cac vi tri doan dutag hi tin tic ed t h i Min tM trer<br /> tad mpng vd lpc ra cdc thue bao dang d ede khu vuc b t a dd sd.<br /> ndy. Dllu ndy can su hpp tae eiia tad mang. 6 nudc<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 58 TAP CHi CNTT&TT KY 1 (6.2010 )<br />  SAN PHAM DICH VU<br /> <br /> <br /> Giai phap ddi vdi doan dUdng t h i n g td sd thue bao ndy d lai khu vuc B ctag Idu. Niu sd<br /> Yeu cau can xdc dita to tie tai bat cir doan ndo thue bao ndy Ita hon mpt ngutag ddt trade tM ed<br /> eua eon dutag, mpt cMeu hodc hai cMlu. Niu xae thi kit ludn Id ta hodc tic.<br /> dita ta tic tai doan dutag cita dutag hai cMlu tM Thuc Men bdng each sau:<br /> can xdc dita xem ta tie theo cMlu ndo. Gpi:<br /> Xdt tratag hpp tdng qudt (HUih 3): Dutag hai STB_2 (hien tai) Id tap hpp sd thue bao Men tpi<br /> cMlu, ein xdc dita ta tic cd xiy ra tpi doan dutag dang thupc Vtog 2.<br /> B thupc cMlu xudi.<br /> STB_l(t) Id tap hpp sd thue bao thudc Vtog 1,<br /> Cd thi xdc dmh dupc tap hpp cdc thue bao dl vdo cdc thdi dllm t trade thdi diem Men tpi (t = tl,<br /> dpng md vi tri cua chimg dang thupc Vtag I vd t2 tn). Vidut = 5, 6 10 phut tiirdc.<br /> Vtag 2. Dopn dutag A thupc Vtag 1, doan dutag B<br /> Lay phdp giao:<br /> thudc Vtag 2 (Vtog cd thi Id mpt CeU, mdt Location<br /> G_AB(t) = S T B _ l { h i e n t a i ) n S T B _ 2 ( t ) ( t =<br /> Area, Routtag Area hodc UTRAN Registtation Area<br /> t l , t 2 , ..., t n )<br /> tay theo loai mang GSM, GPRS hay WCDMA).<br /> Rd rdng G_AB(t) chtah Id tap hop sd thue bao<br /> Sd ngudi di vdo (hodc di ra) Vtag 2 ed thi ta nMlu<br /> thdi diem t trade d phan dutag A vd bdy gid d phan<br /> hutag khde taau, nhung niu di ta Vtag 1 vdo Vtag<br /> 2 tM da sd Id phai di theo cMlu xudi ta doan dutag dutag B, vl mudn di ta Vtag 1 tdi Vtag 2 da phan<br /> A din doan dutag B nen cd thi khdng dita: Id phll di ta A din B.<br /> Rdi ta lay hpp eiia ede G(x) lai ta dupe tap hpp:<br /> Niu cd to tie tai doan dutag B tM sd ngudi (hay<br /> H_AB =UG(x) (t = t l , t2, ..., tn)<br /> sd thue bao di ddng) to lai tai ddy, hp phai di ta<br /> doan dutag A, hay ndi cdch khde hp phai d dopn Niu sd phan tii cita H_AB Ita hon ngutag de xae<br /> dutag A d thdi diem t trade thdi diim Men tai (vi du dita im tie (vi du ngutag ta tie ed the Id 1000-<br /> t cd thi Id 5-10 phut trade). 2000) thi ta ed thi khang dita cd ta hoae tie tai<br /> VI thi giai phap d day tap trang vdo tita sd thue phan dutag B.<br /> bao di dpng a khu vuc A cdc thdi diem tl, t2,... tn Cdc ngutag thdi gian tl, tn vd ngutag sd iMonq<br /> trade thdi dllm Men tai vd thdi diem Men tpi dang thue bao ta tie cd the dupe chuan hda dan thdng<br /> d lai khu vuc B. Vi du cdc thdi diem t ndy cd the Id qua thue te eua ttag doan dutag, ttag khu vuc. Vi<br /> 5, 6,... 10,... 15 phut trade. Niu t edng Ita tM chtag du d khu vuc dd thi tM phai khde vdi khu vuc dutag<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 4: Mot mo hinh khac nhung ap dung ttxing tu<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP Cl i ; Ci'JTife -..ijj 59<br />  SAN PHAM D I C H V U<br /> <br /> <br /> cao tdc.<br /> Dl xdc dita ta tic tai mdt dopn dutag cMlu<br /> ngupe lai hoae Id con dutag mdt cMlu ed thi Idm<br /> hodn tota taong tu.<br /> Tat nMen:<br /> - Theo ddi rUUlu diem tau vdy ta cd the theo ddi<br /> ttah Mta ta tie cua todn bp ca eon dutag.<br /> - Theo ddi ede con dutag cua thdta phd ta se<br /> theo ddi dupe tUih hlta to tie eua ca thdta phd.<br /> Cdc con dutag thue te ed thi phite tap hon nhung<br /> ta vin dp dung dupe giai phdp tren. Vi du HUih 4,<br /> cd the xdc duih dupe to tie tai khu vuc B dudi ddy<br /> Cling bing cdch ldm taong tii tau tren: Sd ngudi d<br /> lpi B se di ta A vd C.<br /> Giai phap ddi vdi doan dudng giao cit<br /> nhau Hinh 5: Mo hinh mot nga tucan xac djnh un tac<br /> <br /> Xdt tratag hpp nga ra tau HUih 5. ede viing can tMet bao phu doan dutag can xdc<br /> Giai phdp d ddy Id md rdng cita giii phdp ddi vdi dita to tie.<br /> dopn dutag thing: Tita sd thue bao a cdc doan Dien tieh ede vting bao phu eon dutag edng tad<br /> dutag A, B, C, D (thupc cdc viing VI, V2, V3, V4) tM dp chita xdc cua giai phap cdng eao. Hien nay,<br /> d cdc thdi dllm tl, 12, .... tn trade thdi diem Men ti le dtag mpng GSM eao nen giai phdp dp dung<br /> tpi vd dang a lai khu vuc G (thupc viing V5) tpi thdi dupe cho mang GSM, ed the kit hpp them vdi mpng<br /> dllm Men tai. Cdch tita ddi vdi mdi doan dutag dd GPRS, 3G de tang dp chita xae. Sau vdi ndm niia,<br /> raong tu tau cdch tuih ddi vdi doan dutag thing da kM ti le dtog 3G eao tau 2G (GSM) Men nay tM dp<br /> trtah bdy d tren. chita xac se eao hon niia, vl viing xdc dmh dupe vi<br /> tri thue bao eua 3G thutag tad hon so vdi 2G.<br /> KET LUAN<br /> <br /> Giai phdp tu dpng xae dita ta tie giao thdng ed Tai lieu t h a m khao<br /> the dp dung vdo khu vuc cac thdta phd Ita tau Hd [ 1 ]. ALEX KUPPER, Location based services - fundamentals and<br /> Npi vd TP.Hd CM Mita, vd mpt vai Myln qudc Id, eao operation.<br /> <br /> tdc md ed sd lutag phuong tien tham gia giao thdng [2]. KS. TRAN ANH TU, TS. CHU NGOC ANH, KS. LUDNG LY,<br /> ddng tau rayen Phdp Vta-Cau Gle. Tat talen, dl ed KS. BUI VAN PHU, Dich vu dua tren vi tri thuS bao cho mang GPS/<br /> <br /> thi dp dung dupc can su hop tdc ciia mpt nhd cung GPRS<br /> <br /> cap dich vu vien thdng cd tM phan Ita. 6 nudc ta, [31. Location Technologies for GSM, GPRS and WCDMA<br /> NetA/orks; White paper, SnapTrack, A QALCOMM Company.<br /> cM can mpt trong 3 tad mang la Viettel, VtaaPhone,<br /> MobiFone Id du dieu kien. [41. VOLKER SCHWIEGER, Germany, Positioning within the<br /> GSM Netwo".<br /> Ngodi ra can phai biit dupe bta dd bd tri cdc CeU,<br /> [51. PUSHPIKA WIJESINGHE, Positioning Techniques in 3i<br /> LA, RA, URA cita tad mang de ngMen eim chpn ra<br /> Networks.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 6 0 I TAP CHi CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 6 . 2 0 1 0 )<br />