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Hoàn thiện quy định của bộ Luật tố tụng Hình sự năm 2015 về các biện pháp giám sát, giáo dục người dưới 18 tuổi trên cơ sở hướng dẫn của Liên Hợp quốc về Tư pháp phục hồi

Chia sẻ: Thao Uyen | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:7

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Bài viết phân tích những hướng dẫn của Liên Hợp quốc về tư pháp phục hồi, đánh giá quy định pháp luật của Việt Nam về các biện pháp giám sát, giáo dục người dưới 18 tuổi và đề xuất một số biện pháp cải thiện.

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Nội dung Text: Hoàn thiện quy định của bộ Luật tố tụng Hình sự năm 2015 về các biện pháp giám sát, giáo dục người dưới 18 tuổi trên cơ sở hướng dẫn của Liên Hợp quốc về Tư pháp phục hồi

  1. LUAT T 6 TVNG HINH Sy" HOAN THIEN QUY DINH CUA BO LUAT TO TUNG HINH Sir NAM 2015 VE CAC BEEN PHAP GIAM SAT, GIAO DUC NGl/Ofl DU^6l 18 TUOl TREN CO S d H U ' 6 N G DAN CUA LIEN HOP QUOC W TU* PHAP PHUC H 6 I Lt HUYNH TAN DUY* Tdm tdt Tuphdp phgc hoi xudt hiin tren the gi&i vdo khodng nhimg ndm 1990 vd nhanh chong nhgn du(fc stf chdp nhgn rpng rdi cua cdc quoc gia tien tien vi nhiing dgc diem vd mgc dich tdt d^p cua no. Lien hgp qudc cung dd nghien cuu vd ban hdnh van bdn phdp lugt. tdi li^u hu&ng ddn ve vi^csudung tuphdpphgc hoi trong linh vuc hinh sye tren ca s&phdn tich, ddnh gid cdc chuang trinh dd vd dang duac dp dgng b&i cdc quoc gia thdnh vien. Tham khdo md hinh cua mgt so nu&c vd difa tren huong ddn cua Lien hap qudc, ca quan Igp phdp cua Vi$t Nam da ghi nhgn cdc bien phdp mang dgc diim c^a tuphdpphgc hdi trong BQ ludt Hinh su nam 2015 vd B$ ludt To tgng hinh su ndm 2015 vai ten goi Id "bi?n phdp gidm sdt. gido dgc ngu&i du&i 18 tudi phgm tgi duac mien trdch nhifm hinh syc". Trong bdi viit, tdc gid tgp trung phdn tich nhiing hu&ng ddn ciia Lien h{^ quoc ve tuphdp phuc hoi; ddnh gid quy djnh cua phdp ludt VietNam vi cdc bien phdp gidm sdt, gido dgc ngu&i du&i 18 tudi; di xudt mgt sd lain nghi cu thi gdp phdn hodn thifn phdp lugt Vi$t Nam ve cdc biin phdp ndy. Tie khda: tuphdp phuc hdi, ngu&i du&i 18 tudi. bi^nphdpgidm sdt, gido dgc, Liin hap qudc, BQ lugt Hinh su ndm 2015, Bg lugt To ttfng hinh stf ndm 2015 Abstract Restorative justice has appeared in 1990s and has been widely applied by developed countries because of its significant features and goals. The United Nations (UN) has already adopted legislation, documents guiding the use of restorative jttstice in criminal matters based upon analyses and evaluations of programmes which have been operating in its Member States. Studying other jurisdictions' models and the UN guidance, Vietnamese legislature has introduced measures similar to restorative justice programmes in the 2015 Penal Code and the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code named "supervisory, educative measures applicable to offenders under 18 years old who are exempted from penal liability". This paper focuses on analysing guidelines of the UN on restorative justice; evaluating Vietnamese legislation governing supervisory, educative measures applicable to offenders under 18 years old and providing recommendations to improve these measures. Keywords: restorative justice, persons under 18 years old, supervisory and educative measures, the United Nations, the 2015 Penal Code, the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code 1. Hudng dan cua Lidn hop quIc vl tv phdp mang tinh lien he {relational justice), phap phyc hIi tu phdp khdc phyc (reparative justice), tu 1.1. Khai nifmta phdp phuc hoi phdp cgng ddng {community justice).^ Hien Td trudc din nay da cd nhidu cdng trinh nay, feugt ngu "restoative justice" dugc sd nghien ciiu vl tu phdp phyc hdi. Tuy ntiidn dyng phi bidn ban cd. IChdi nidm chhfe xdc vdn chua ed sy feing rfedt vd khdi ni^m cda vd tu phdp phuc hIi cung khdng dugc tim tu p h ^ phyc hoi. Moi qudc gia ed cdch gidi feay trong khung phdp ly cua Lidn hgp quoc thich ciing nhu sd dyng cdc thugt ngii Idiac (LHQ). Thay vao dd, Hgi ding Kinh tl vd nhau d% dac tdn cho md hinh tu phdp ndy Xa hOi da ban hdnh Nghi quylt 2002/12 vd nhu: tir phdp tich cue (positive justice), tu Nhiing nguydn tdc co bdn cda vi^c sd dung * TS, giing vien Khoa Lugt Hinh sif, Tmimg DH i UNODC, Sdch hu&ng ddn vi cdc chuang trinh tu Lugt TP. H i Chi Minh. phdp phyc hdi, 2006, ti. 6.
  2. T ^ CHI KHOA HOC PHAP LY SO 06 (109)/20I7 chuang tiirfe tu phdp phyc hoi ddi vdi cdc hg thdng tu phdp hinh sy chinh thing va vdn de hinh sy {Basic Principles on the Use of nhiing hdu qud midt thi {stigmatizing effects) Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal ciia nd ddi vdi ngudi phgm tdi; Matters). Vdn bdn nay dua ra hai khdi nidm - MOt cdch thdc tidp can ed fei dugc sd hen quan ddn tu phdp phyc hdi. Thd ntidt Id dung cdng vdi hinh phat vd qud trinh tu ptidp khdi nidm "chuong trinh tuphdp phuc hoi" hmh su truyen thdng; {restorative justice programme): '"bdt ky - Mdt cdch fedc tilp cgn kit hgp xd ly vdn chuang trinh ndo su dgng cdc qud trinh phi^c dd vd gidi quyet nhung nguydn nhdn cdt loi hoi vd mong mudn dgt dugrc nhimg kit qud eua mdu feudn; phyic hdi"} Thd hai la khdi nidm "^ua trinh - MOt cdch thdc tidp cdn gidp gidi quylt phuc hoi" {restorative process): "bdt k^' qua nhiing thidt hgi vd nhu cau eua n ^ nhdn; trinh ndo trong dd nan nhdn, ngudi phgm tdi - MOt cdch thdc tilp cdn khuyin khich va khi feich hgp, cac cd nhdn hoac fednh vidn ngudi pham tgi nhdn feuc sdu sdc vl nguyen khde cua cgng ding b j dnh hudng bdi mgt tdi nhdn vd hgu qud cua hdnh vi cua minh va pham cung nhau tich cue tham gia vao vide feuc hidn trdch nhidm mdt each cd y nghia; gidi quydt cdc vdn dd phdt sinh tu tdi phgm, - Mgt each fedc tidp cgn da dgng vd uyin fedng feudng vdi sy giup do cua m0t hda giai chuyin cd fed feieh ngtii vdi ede tinh hudng, vidn".^ Ddy cd fee dugc coi la nhiing khdi truydn fedng phdp lugt, nguydn tac vd ca sd ni?m phdp ly chinh fedc ddu tien vd gdn gui tridt hgc ciia cdc he fedng tu phdp hhfe sy nhdt vd tu phap phuc hdi. qudc gia da dugc thiet tgp; 1.2. Dgc diem cua ttrphdpphifc hoi - Mdt cdch fedc tilp edn phd hgp vdi v i ^ Nghidn cdu cua Van phdng LHQ vd ma tiiy xd ly nhidu logi tdi phgm vd ngudi phgm tdi va tOi pham (UNODC) cho fedy cdc chuang khdc nhau, bao gom cd tdi phgm rdt nghifim trinh tu phdp phuc hdi ed nhiing dgc didm trgng; chung sau day:'' - Mdt cdch thdc xd ly tdi pham dae biet - Mdt each xd ly linh hogt ddi vdi eac tinh ttiich hgp cho nhung vy dn cd hen quan ddn hulng pham tdi, ngudi pham tgi vd nan nhdn, ngudi chua feanh nien pligm tOi vdi mgt muc cho phep mdi doi tugng dugc xem xet mdt tidu quan trgng Id gido dye ngudi phgm tgi each ridng bidt; nhiing ky nang vd gid tri mdi; - Mgt cdch xd ly tgi phgm tdn trgng phdm - MOt cdch fedc xd ly feiia nhan vai tro cua gid vd sy binh dang eua mdi ngudi, xdy dung edng ddng nhu mdt eo sd quan trgng hang vd feuc day sy hda hgp xa hgi fedng qua vide ddu trong vide phdng chdng tOi phgm vd su han gan cda ngn nhdn, ngudi phgm tgi vd mdt trgt ty xa hOi. cdng ddng; L3. Muc dick ciia tuphdpphtfc hoi - M d t p h u o n g fedc c d fee s u d y n g t r o n g Cd nhidu cdeh didn dgt khdc nhau vd muc mOt sd t r u d n g h g p n h d t djnh n h d m feay fei dich cua tu phdp phyc hdi nhung xet vl bdn chit, tu phdp phyc hdi bao gom nhiing muc ^ Muc 1 phan I. Ket qua phuc hIi la mgt thda thugn dich sau:^ dat dugc tii qua trinh phyc hdi bao gdm c4c each thiic xii ly va chuong trinh nhu sira chiia, bii Ihudug vk - Ung hO nan nhdn, cho hg tidng noi, dich vu cdng ddng vdi myc tidu hda bgp nhu c ^ ca khuyin khich hg trinh bay ve nhu cdu, cho nhSn va nhu cau chung vdi trach nhi^m ciia cac bdn, phep hg tham gia vdo tiln tiinh tim phuong dong thdi hoAn thinh viec tai hda nhSp ciia nan nhan, dn gidi quylt vd cung cap su hd trg cho hg; ngudi phjun tgi (muc 3 phlin I). - Sua chua nhung moi quan he bj gdy thi^t ^ Muc 2 phin I. Hda giii viSn \k mgt ngudi c6 vai hai bdi tOi phgm, mOt phdn bdng each dgt trd t^o didu kien mgt each vd tu va cdng bling cho s\r dugc sy ddng feugn vl phuong an tdt nhat ttiam gia ciia cic ben trong mdt qua trinh phyc hIi (myc 4 phin I). dd xd ly; * UNODC, chti thich sd 01, ti. 7-8. ^ UNODC, chil thich sd 01, tr. 9-11.
  3. LUAT T 6 TUNG HJNH SV 39 - Len dn hdnh vi phgm tgi Id khdng fed quydt dinh chuyin vu an ddn va trong khi chap nhgn dugc vd cung e l eac gid tri cdng feuc hidn tiln trinh phyc hdi. ddng; Thu ndm, su an todn cua cdc bdn ndn dugc - Khuyen khich vide feuc bidn trdch nhidm xem xet khi quydt dinh chuyin vy dn den vd bdi tdt ed cdc bdn cd lidn quan, dgc bi^t la trong khi feye hidn tidn trinh phue hdi. ngudi phgm tdi; Thu sdu, khi qud trinh phue hdi khdng thieh - Xdc djnh nhiing kit qud mang tinh phyc hgp hoac khdng fee dp dyng, vy dn ndn dugc hdi duge mong dgi; chuydn den eac co quan ed fedm quydn cua - Gidm tinh trgng tdi phgm bdng each hd fedng tu phdp hinh sy vd ndn dua ra mOt khuydn khich sy feay ddi cua tiing cd nhdn quyet djnh ve vide lam fei ndo de tidp tuc gidi phgm tdi vd tgo didu kidn feudn lgi cho vide quylt vy an ma khdng phdi tri hoan. Trong tdi hda nhdp cgng ddng; nhiing trudng hgp nhu vdy, nhiing ngudi tiln - Xdc djnh nhiing ydu td ddn ddn tdi pham hanh td tung ndn cd gdng ddng vien ngudi va truydn tdi den eac ea quan cd trdeh nhidm pham tdi feue hidn trdch nhiOm ddi vdi ngn vgch ra chidn luge ban chd tgi pham. nhan, cdng ddng hi dnh hudng, ung hg sy tdi 1.4. Nguyin tac cda viic ««• dung cdc hda nhdp eOng ddng cua nan nhdn va ngudi chirang trinh tuphdpph^c hoi pham tdi. ^^ec su dyng chuang trinh tu phap phue 1.5. Cdc chuang trinh tuphdp phuc hoi hIi ndn tudn feu feeo cde nguyen tac dugc Hidn nay, cd rat nhieu cdng trinh nghien quy djnh tgi P h ^ II (td myc 6 ddn mue 10) cuu ve cac chuang trinh tu phap phyc hdi Nhirng nguydn tdc ea bdn eua viec sd dyng nhdm phdn tich, danh gid uu nhugc diem dd edc chuang trinh tu phdp phyc hdi trong lufe td dd cd thd tim duge mdt md hinh thich hgp vuc hinh sy cua ECOSOC, bao gdm: cho tiing nude, hay ndi diing hon Id tung dia Thu nhdt, chuong trinh tu phdp phuc phuang, cdng ddng ey fee. 0 cdp dd qudc hoi CO thd dugc sd dyng d bat ky giai doan gia, mOt trong nhimg edng trmh ndi bgt da ndo cua qua trinh to tyng hinh sy (TTHS) dugc thyc hien bdi Gordon Bazemore (Dai (tuy thugc vdo quy dinh cua phap ludt hgc Florida Atlantic) vd Mark Umbreit (Dai qudc gia). hgc Minnesota) vdo nam 1998 dd chudn bj Thu hai, chuang trinh ndy chi nen dugc cho de an co tdn ggi Id Tu phdp cdn bdng dp dyng khi cd ddy du chdng cd dd kdt tgi vd phuc hoi, dugc tdi trg bdi Van phdng tu bj cdo va cd su ty do, tu nguydn ddng y phdp vd phdng ngda tdi phgm chua feanh cua nan nhdn vd ngudi pham tdi. Ngn nhdn nidn feudc Co quan tu phdp cua My. O cdp vd ngudi pham tdi cd fed rut lgi sy ddng y dd khu vuc, HOI ddng chdu Au da thdnh dd vdo bdt ky thdi dilm ndo cda qua trinh. Igp mOt uy ban chuydn gia vao nam 1995 Nhung feda thugn phdi dgt dugc tren co sd dd ddnh gia vd phdn tich vide sd dung hinh ty nguydn va chi bao gdm cae nghia vu hgp thue hda gidi trong thu tuc TTHS cda edc ly, tuang xiing. nude thdife vidn. D i n giua nam 1996 vd nam 1999, uy ban nay da ggp gd vd xem Thu ba, nan nhdn vd ngudi pham tgi fedng xet bdo cdo tii cac qudc gia c6 kinh nghidm feudng phai ddng y vd nhiing dii kien co ban trong vide sd dung hoa gidi dii vdi ede van cua mOt vy an 1dm co sd cho sy tham gia eua de hinh su vd xem xet cd nhiing de xudt ndo hg trong qua trinh phyc hdi. Su tham gia eua dugc dua ra bay khdng. Phu lue cua bdo ngudi phgm tdi khdng duge sd dung nhu cao da dua ra khdi niem cua hda giai va ghi chiing cd nhdn tdi trong qua trinh td tung sau nhdn 34 nguyen tac cho cdc nude thdnh vidn ndy. khi tiln hdnh thu tyc nay trong cdc vy dn Thu tu, nhung khdc bidt dan den sy khdng hinh sy. Vdo fedng 09/1999, Uy ban Cdc bO cdn bdng vd quydn lye, nhiing khdc bidt v l trudng da ban hdnh kiln nghj cy fee ve vdn vwx hda gifta cac bdn ndn dugc xem xet khi
  4. 40 T^P CHi KHOA HQC PHAP L * S 6 06 (109)/2017 d l ndy.* 6 cdp dO qudc tl, LHQ ciing da td - Thdm quyin feue hi|n: canh sdt, cdng chdc nhidu hdi nghj, feyc hidn nhidu dy dn td vidn, Tda dn, hoac van phdng gidm sat vd nghidn eiiu vd tu phdp phyc hdi. Kdt qud (probation office). eua nhiing nd lye trdn Id vide UNODC hodn - Didu kidn dp dyng hda gidi tryc tidp: (1) fednh Sdch gi&i thi$u ve cdc chuang trinh ngudi phgm tgi phdi chdp nhgn hogc khdng tit tuphdp phy.c hoi {Handbook on Restorative chdi trdch ntii?m ddi vdi tdi pham; (2) ngudi Justice Programmes) vd xudt bdn vdo ndm pligm tOi vd ngn nhdn ddng y vd (3) cdm tlidy 2006. UNODC cho rang hidn cd rdt nhidu an todn khi feam gia hda gidi. chuang trinh tu phdp phyc hdi khac nhau - Thaife plidn tliam gia: hda gidi vidn, ngudi dang dugc vgn hdnh d ede nude tren the phgm tdi, nan nhdn, ban bd vd nhiing ngudi gidi. Tuy rfeidn, feeo co quan ndy co rfeiing ung hd hai bdn (feudng khdng feam gia). dang chuong trinh chinh sau ddy:' - Kit qud: thda feugn giiia hai ben (cd fei - Hda gidi giua ngn nhdn vd ngudi phgm bao gdm vdn dd khac phuc vd bii feudng tdi {victim offender mediation); thi$t hgi eho ngn ntian). NOi dung cua feda Hgp nhdm gia dinh vd cOng ddng feugn cd thd duge dua vdo ban an hoac la mgt {community andfamily group conferencing); didu kidn trong quydt djnh dp dung dn tieo. - Kit an vdng trdn {circle sentencing); b. Hop nhom gia dinh vd CQng don^ - Vdng trdn hda gidi (peacemaking circles); Trong sd ede md hmh tu phdp phye hdi, - Ban cgng dong vd giam sdt mang tinh khac hgp nhdm gia ffinh vd cpng ddng mang tinh phyc {reparative probation and community fed chd he fedng eao nhdt (da duge quy djnh boards and panels). trong lugt phdp cda New Zealand dp dyng Nhu da dd cap, chuong trinh tu phdp phue eho tu phdp ngudi chua feanh nidn tii nam hdi ed fed duge dp dyng tgi bdt ky giai dogn 1989). Md hiife ndy cd ngudn gdc td tiuydn ndo cua qud trinh t l tung binh su. Ve eo ban, feIng gidi quydt tranh chdp eua ngudi Maori cd 04 fedi didm chinh: didu tra (police level), (nhdm ngudi bdn dia New Zealand) vd hien tmy t l (prosecution level), xdt xd {court nay duge dp dyng dudi nhilu biln fee nhu level), va thi hdnh dn (corrections) (nhu mOt mOt tiinh thue xd ly chuydn hudng cua cdnh bidn phap feay fed cho hinh phgt td; Id mdt sat tai Nam Uc, Nam Phi, Ireland, Lesofeo vd phdn hogc kem feeo hinh phgt khdng giam tgi cde feanh phd d mdt sd bang eua My nhu giii hoac trong qud trinh giam gju hogc sau Minnesota, Pennsylvania and Montana. Hgp khi dugc fed ra khdi ifea td). nhdm gia dinh vd cOng ding mang nhftng dac a. Hoa gidi giira ngn nhdn vd ngudi phgm tof didm CO bdn sau: Ddy la mdt tirong nhung chuang tiinh tu - Tham quyen ^ dung: canh sdt bode Tda dn. phdp phyc bdi xudt tiidn sdm nhdt. Chuong - Thdnh phdn feam gia: hda gidi vien trinh nay cd nhirng dgc dilm co bdn sau: {convenor), ngudi phgm tdi, ngn nhdn, gia - Thdi didm dp dyng: tdt cd ede giai doan dinh, bgn be, feanh vidn cgng ddng (giao eua qud triife td tyng va thi hdnh dn. vidn, ngudi su dung lao dOng...). - Hmh feue hda gidi: trye tidp (ngn nhdn vd - Mue dieh dp dung: bat budc ngudi phgm ngudi phgm tOi true tilp ggp nhau) hoac gian tdi ddi didn vdi hgu qua eua tdi pham, dua tilp (hoa gidi vien gap cdc bdn ridng bi$t). ra mdt ke hoach khac phuc, vd ti:ong nhiing - Thdm quyin dp dyng: cdnh sdt, cdng trudng hgp nghidm trgng hon xdc djnh nhu td vidn, Tda dn, hogc vdn phdng gidm sat cdu cho vi^c giam gid, gidm sat nghidm (probation office). khac hon So vdi hinh feiic hda gidi giua ngn nhdn * Paul McCold, Bdi thuyet trinh vi Tu phdp phgcvd ngudi phgm tOi thi hgp nhdm gia dmh va AoVvdiffg, slide 13. ' UNODC, chu thich sd I, tr. 14-15. cgng dong ed myc dich rdng hon, feu hut sy «Nhutren,tr. 17-18. »UNODC, chd thich sd 01, tr. 20-21.
  5. LUAT T 6 T V N G HJNH SV 41 feam gia cda cOng dong vdo qud trinh tim ddng (Community mediationpanels).^^ ra phuang dn gidi quyet, dong fedi xdc djnh 2. Bi^n p h a p giam sat, gido due ngirdl trdch nhidm ciia cOng ding trong vide gidm dudi 18 tuoi dugrc m i i n trach nhi^m sdt, giup do ngudi phgm tgi d l feyc hidn cdc hinh su theo quy dinh cua phiip ludt Viet bien phap khde phyc ciing nhu tdi hda nhdp Nam nhu da xdc dinh trong feda feugn. 2.1. Cdc logi bien phdp gidm sdt, gido c. Ket dn vdng trdn^° d^c Md hinh ndy dugc su dyng tgi mOt s i cgng Trdn ca sd tham khdo, hgc tgp cdc ddng ngudi bdn dja d Canada, Id mgt vi dy chuong trinh tu phap phuc hdi cua mdt sd dien hinh cho tu phdp khuyin khich su feam nude ciing nhu hudng ddn cua LHQ ve van gia tryc tidp ciia cde fednh vidn cOng ddng dd nay, Vidt Nam da xay dung trong Bd tiong vi0c xd l
  6. 42 TAP c m KHOA HQC PHAP L V S 6 06 (109)/2017 trudng Vidn kilm sdt, HOi dong xdt xu.'^ gidm sat, gido dye ngudi dudi 18 tuoi Nhung quy dinh nay cho thdy bi?n phdp phgm tgi. Dieu ndy di nguge lgi vdi mOt gidm sdt, gido dye ngudi chua thdnh nidn trong nhiing nguydn tac ca bdn trong vi|c ed thd dugc su dyng trong nhilu giai dogn sd dung tu phdp phyc h I i da duoc hudng t l tyng vd dilu ndy hodn todn phu hop vdi ddn bdi ECOSOC.'3 hudng ddn cua ECOSOC ve Nhung nguyen Doi vdi tdng bien phdp eu fee lgi co tdc ca bdn cua viec su dgng cdc chuang nhung dilu kidn dp dyng ridng bi$t ben trinh tuphdpphgc hdi trong linh vifc hinh canh didu kign ehung.'^ So vdi hda gidi tgi su. Tuy nhidn, vige BLTTHS nam 2015 cdng ddng vd gido dye tgi xa, phudng, thi khdng cho phep Chdnh dn, Phd Chdnh dn trdn thi bidn phdp khidn trach cd muc do Tda dn dp dung ba bien phdp trdn Id didu nghidm khae thdp nhdt. Vi vgy dieu ki?n cdn phdi xem xdt lgi. Gid sd trong giai d l dp dyng bidn phap nay cung khdt khe dogn chudn hi xet xd so tham, ndu Tda dn han.'^ Dieu kien dp dyng hai bi^n phdp con nhdn fedy cd dd didu kien dd dp dung mdt lgi dugc quy djnh dya tren cde trudng hgp bi?n phdp gidm sat, gido dye cho bj can thi cy fed trong dd ngudi chua thdnh nidn 6 vIn phdi md phidn tda vd Hdi ddng xet xu hai nhdm tuli khdc nhau ed the dugc mien se ra quyet djnh dp dyng bifn phdp ndy. trdch nhidm hinh su."* Ddy Id didu khdng can thiet vd di ngugc Thu tyc dp dyng ba bidn phdp gidm sdt, lgi nguyen tie gidi quydt nhanh chdng, kip gido due ngudi dudi 18 tudi dugc quy djnh thai cdc vy an lien quan ddn ngudi dudi khd dan gidn ti-ong BLTTHS nam 2015." 18 tudi duge ghi nhgn bdi chinh BLTTHS Doi vdi khien trdeh vd gido due tgi xS, nam 2015 (khodn 7 Didu 414). phudng, thj trdn, BLTTHS nam 2015 quy 2,3. Bieu kien, thi tuc dp dung dinh ro Id khi midn trdch nbigm hinh sy Dieu kidn chung de dp dyng bi^n phdp rfeung ngudi c6 fedm quydn quydt djnh gidm sdt, gido dye ngudi dudi 18 tudi duge dp dyng. Ridng ddi vdi bign phdp hda quy dinh tgi Dieu 92 BLHS ndm 2015, bao gidi tai cgng ding thi khdng cd quy djnh gIm: (1) ngudi phgm tdi dugc midn trdch tuang tu. Ngodi ra, theo didm g khodn 5 nhiem hinh sy vd (2) ngudi phgm tgi hogc Dilu 428 khi kit thuc hda gidi ngudi bj ngudi dai di^n hgp phdp cua hg ding ^ dp hai, ngudi dgi di$n cda hg cd fed de nghj dyng. Ddy Id hai dieu kidn edn vd du eua mien trdeh nhidm hinh sy eho ngudi phgm vi^c dp dyng bdt ky bi^n phdp gidm sat, tgi. Dilu ndy gidn tilp cho thdy bi?n phdp gido dye ndo. Didu kidn thu nhdt cho thdy hoa gidi tgi cgng ddng dugc dp dyng tnrdc trudc hdt ngudi chua fednh nidn phdi dugc khi ngudi phgm tdi dugc midn trdch nhi?m mien trdeh nhidm hinh sy. D i i chilu vdi hinh sy. Trong Idii dd, khodn 2 Dilu 94 quy djnh phdp lugt edc nude vd hudng ddn BLHS nam 2015 lgi quy djnh vide hoa cua LHQ thi khdng cd didu kidn bdt budc gidi tgi cgng ddng chi dugc to chuc thyc ndy. Dieu ndy ehiing to Viet Nam cdn khd hign khi ngudi bj hgi hogc ngudi dgi di§n khat khe va e de trong vide dp dyng nhung hgp phdp da tu nguyOn hda gidi vd de nghj bidn phdp ndy cdng nhu gian tilp thi hien mien tirdeh nlii^m hinh sy. BLTTHS ndm ddy thgt ra khdng phdi la bien phdp thay thi cho hinh phat vi da midn trdch nhidm " ECOSOC, Nhiing nguyen tdc ca bdn cua vi$c sa hinh sy thi duong nhien khdng dp dyng difng cdc chuang trinh tuphdp phgc hoi trong lihh vuc hinh phat. Dilu kien thu hai cho thay co hinh su, muc 7, phin U. quan lap phdp Viet Nam da khdng de cgp '" Quy dinh tuong ling tgi khoan 1 cdc dilu 93,94, ddn y chi, nguyen vgng cua ngudi bj hgi 95 BLHS nam 2015. trong vide quylt djnh dp dyng bidn phdp '= Khoin 1 Dilu 93 BLHS nam 2015. " Dilu 426 BLTTHS nam 2015. '* Khoan 1,2 Dilu 91 BLHS nam 2015. " Quy dinh t^i cdc dilu 427,428,429.
  7. LU^T T 6 T V N G HJNH SXf 43 2()15 cung chua quy djnh each thdc xu ly khdng thd thieu dugc, quydt dinh mOt phan tidp theo trong trudng hgp hda gidi khdng sy thdnh cdng cua cde bidn phdp nay bdi vi fednh hoac cde bdn khdng thyc hidn, thirc chi vdi sy no lye cua cdc ca quan tu phdp, hidn khdng ddng nhiing thda thuan dat vdi cde thilt chi xa hgi hidn nay cda Viet dugc khi kit thue hda gidi. Nam thi rdt khd dl ddm bdo thuc hi^n cd 3. Mot s6 kiln nghj higu qud cde bi§n phdp gidm sdt, gido dye Tren co sd nhung vdn dd da dugc phdn ngudi dudi 18 tuli phgm tdi eiing nhu gidp tich vd ddnh gid, dl phdt triln khung phdp dd hg trong qud triife tdi hda nhdp eOng If tu phdp hinh sy Vi§t Nam vl bidn phdp dong. gidm sat, gido dye ngudi dudi 18 tudi phgm tOi, chung ta cdn xem xdt edc djnh hudng Quy dinh vl cde bidn phdp gidm sdt, vd kiln nghj cu thd sau: gido due ngudi dudi 18 tudi phgm tOi dugc Thu nhdt, can bd sung quy djnh tMig midn trdch nhiOm hinh sy trong BLHS ndm cudng vd ddm bdo vai trd, tidng ndi cua 2015 BLTTHS nam 2015 cua Viet Nam Id ngudi hi hgi vd thdnh vidn cgng ddng ti-ong mdt vide tdm dung ddn, phu hgp vdi xu feu tyc dp dyng cac bidn phdp gidm sat, hudng quIc td, vdi hudng ddn cua LHQ gido dye ngudi dudi 18 tudi. vl cdc nguydn tdc co bdn khi sd dung tu Thi€ hai, trong tuang lai edn nghidn ciiu phdp phyc hdi trong Hnh vyc hinh sy. Tuy dp dyng cdc bi^n phdp gidm sdt, gido dye nhidn, vi ddy la tdn ddu tien ghi nhgn ndn cho ngudi dudi 18 tudi md khdng cdn didu khdng thd trdnh khdi nhung hgn chd nhat kidn midn trdch nhiOm hinh sy, md rdng djnh. Thyc tiln dp dyng nhiing bidn phap phgm vi dp dyng cho cd doi tugng la ngudi nay trong tuong lai se la ca sd dd ddnh gid da dd 18 tudi phgm tOi. Dd xudt ndy chi uu, nhugc didm cua khung phdp ly. • ndn thuc bi^n khi hd thong edc co quan, dich vy hd trg dd dugc thdnh Igp vdi ddy Tai li^u tham khao du ddi ngu nhan vidn trdn thyc te. [1] ECOSOC, Nhiing nguyen tdc ca bdncuavi^c Thic ba, trao thdm quydn quyet dinh vide su dgng chuang trinh tuphdp phgc hoi doi v&i dp dyng cdc bidn phap gidm sdt, gido due cdc vdn di hinh su, ban hanh kem theo Nghi quylt so 2002/12 [trans: ECOSOC, Basic ngudi dudi 18 tudi cho Chdnh an, Phd Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Chdnh dn Tda dn. Programmes in Criminal Matters, Resolution Thir tu, ban hdnh vdn bdn hudng dan chi 2002/12 tilt vide thi hdnh edc bign phdp ndy. Trong [5] Bd luat Hinh sir, Bd lugt To tyng Hinh sy trudng hgp hda gidi tgi cgng ddng khdng nam 2015 [trans: Penal Code 2015, Criminal dgt dugc thda thugn giiia cde ben thi phai Procedure Code 2015] [4] Gordon Bazemore va Marl: Umbreit, "Hgp. ti-d lgi sd d\mg thu tyc td tyng truyin thdng Vdng trdn. Ban, vd Hoa gidi: Tu phdp phgc dd giai quydt vu an, hoi vd sg tham gia cua cdng ddn trong vi^c xu Thie nam, tuyen truydn, vgn dOng vd ed ly tgi phgm chua thdnh nien", Dy an tu ph4p CO chd khuyin khich cdc to chdc xa hgi phyc hdi vi can b^ng, 1998 [trans: Bazemore, hign hiiu, fednh vidn cOng ddng tham gia Gordon and Umbreit, Mark, "Conferences, Circles. Boards, and Mediations: Restorative vdo qua trinh giam sat, gido dye ngudi Justice and Citizen Involvement in the dudi 18 tudi, gidp hg tdi hda nhdp vd phdt Response to Youth Crime", Balanced and tridn. Restorative Justice Project, 1998] Thie sdu, thdnh lap thdm ede djch vu hd [3] Paul McCold, Bdi thuyet trinh vi Tuphdpphifc trg chuydn bidt ddnh eho ngudi dudi 18 hoi vd LHQ [trans: Paul McCold, Presentation tuli trong qua trinh thyc hidn cdc cam kdt, on Restorative Justice and the United Nations] [2] UNODC, Sdch hu&ng ddn vi tu phdp phgc nghia vu cua hg tuang dng vdi tiing bien hdi, 2006 [trans: UNODC, Handbook on phdp gidm sdt, gido dye. Ddy Id mOt ydu td Restorative Justice, 2006]
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