intTypePromotion=1
zunia.vn Tuyển sinh 2024 dành cho Gen-Z zunia.vn zunia.vn
ADSENSE

Hoàng thành Thăng Long - Những phát hiện mới của Khảo cổ học

Chia sẻ: Caygaolon Caygaolon | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:6

47
lượt xem
2
download
 
  Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Bài viết dựa trên một số báo cáo của các nhà Khảo cổ học và Sử học bàn về những phát hiện mới nhằm cung cấp cho bạn đọc một cái nhìn tổng quát về kết quả của cuộc khai quật về Hoàng thành Thăng Long.

Chủ đề:
Lưu

Nội dung Text: Hoàng thành Thăng Long - Những phát hiện mới của Khảo cổ học

 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> KR}QJWK}QKWKvQJORQJ<br /> QK³QJSK€WKL•QPªLF­DNK~RF£K¡F<br /> <br /> <br /> ˆÖRKµQJ <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &XÉFNKDLTX«WNK–RFÆKÄFWÕWK˜QJŽµQQD\YÍLK•QJY™QP°W<br /> <br /> YX‹QJ Ë NKX YÙF GÙ NLµQ [‰\ GÙQJ 1K• 4XÈF KÉL Y• +ÉL WUÊQJ %D ‡·QK<br /> <br /> PÍL ŽâSK˜WOÉPÉWSKØFKÎSGLW½FKY•GLY«WSKRQJSKÓFÑD+R•QJWK•QK<br /> <br /> 7KˆQJ/RQJ[DŽÎFJLÍLNKRDKÄFKµWVØFTXDQW‰PY•ŽÎFGOX«QFKÓ<br /> <br /> Ý 7KÊL JLDQ J§Q Ž‰\ E˜R FK½ WURQJ QÍF Žâ YLµW QKL²X 7™S FK½ 1&/6 WU‰Q<br /> <br /> WUÄQJ JLÍL WKL¶X E•L YLµW FÑD W˜F JL– ‡•R +ÏQJ GÙD WUŠQ PÉW VÈ E˜R F˜R FÑD<br /> <br /> F˜F QK• NK–R FÆ KÄF Y• VÖ KÄF E•Q Y² QK×QJ SK˜W KL¶Q ŽÃ QK›P FXQJ FªS<br /> <br /> FKRE™QŽÄFPÉWF˜LQK·QWÆQJTX˜WY²NµWTX–FÑDFXÉFNKDLTX«W<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &<br /> <br /> KRˆ¯QQD\QKÑQJGLW·FKFËDWKQK WKQK WK…QJ YÇL V…QJ 7… /¸FK FK\ TXD<br /> <br /> 7K‚QJ /RQJ Y + 1ÃL [‡D FK² F¹Q ˆ‡ÄQJ 4X’Q 7K’QK7KÎ\ .KX„  7L¯S ˆ¯Q<br /> <br /> O“L WU„Q WUÎF %˜F1DP FËD WUXQJ WƒP .LQK O ˆL°Q .·QK 7KL„Q FK² F¹Q O“L Y¯W W·FK FËD<br /> <br /> WKQKF́½OWUÎFFËDWKQK7K‚QJ/RQJ E¥FF¤SYÇLEÂQ Gà\U¿QJˆ’Q†Lˆƒ\ˆàWUÅ<br /> <br /> WÏWKÄL/×7U¡Q/„YFËDWKQK+1ÃLGR WKQKF‚QFÒFËD7ÀQJKQKGLQK4XƒQˆÃL<br /> <br /> QK1JX\®Q[ƒ\GÓQJO“LWKHRNL­X9DXEDQ 1KƒQ GƒQ 9L°W 1DP WURQJ WKÄL NK’QJ<br /> <br /> WUÉP O„Q NLQK WKQK FÌ 1K‡ Y¥\ 7K‚QJ FKL¯Q FKÂQJ 0Ö ;XÂQJ SK·D 1DP F¹Q F½<br /> <br /> /RQJ+1ÃL[‡DFK²F¹QO“LQKÑQJY¯WW·FK RDQ 0…Q YÇL Q‚P FÀQJ[ƒ\E•QJˆ’&XÂL<br /> <br /> NK…QJ FÌ O˜P OƒX QK¤W WK± FÌQJ O KDL WK¯ FÉQJ O &ÃW &Ä P QK 1JX\®Q ˆà SK’<br /> <br /> NÕ FÀQJ 7DP 0…Q FËD WKQK 7K‚QJ /RQJ [‡D<br /> <br /> ˆ­[ƒ\WUÉPO„Q<br /> 1KÑQJ Y¯W W·FK F¹Q O“L Q¯X ˆL WKHR<br /> <br /> K‡ÇQJ %˜F1DP WD V© WK¤\ F½ FÀQJ WKQK ­ [’F ˆ¸QK Y¸ WU· Y TX\ P… FËD WKQK<br /> <br /> SK·D %˜F &K·QK %˜F 0…Q  KL°Q Q•P YHQ 7K‚QJ /RQJ+ 1ÃL [‡D JLÇL VÐ K¾F Y<br /> <br /> ˆ‡ÄQJ3KDQ±QK3KÉQJ/ÉLYRPÃWFKÍW NKR FÀ K¾F OƒX QD\ FK² F‚Q FÒ YR QKÑQJ<br /> <br /> O +¥X /ƒX P 3K’S J¾L O /¡X &…QJ Y¯W W·FK F¹Q O“L WU„Q P W ˆ¤W FÃQJ YÇL<br /> <br /> FKÍD QK‡QJ NL¯Q WUÍF ˆà E¸ EL¯Q G“QJ QKÑQJˆ¸DGDQKYWK‡W¸FKF¹QO“Lˆ­ˆ¸QK<br /> <br /> QKL¬X .KR FÀ K¾F ˆà WK’P V’W V† Eà NKX Y¸ PÃW YL NL¯Q WUÍF Y UDQK JLÇL FËD .LQK<br /> <br /> YÓFQ\WKHR*67U¡Q4XÂF9‡ÈQJWK±ˆƒ\ WKQK 9· QK‡ F’F W„Q SK ±QK 1JDQJ Y<br /> <br /> F½ WK­ O PÃW E¯Q ˆÁ Å SK·D E˜F +RQJ &¤P &K² WÏ ˆƒ\ FKR WD EL¯W ˆ½ OQ†LGÏQJ<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 3K½7ÀQJEL„QW¥S7“SFK·;‡D 1D\<br /> <br />   1JKL€QF¾X/¦FKV¼V¯<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> O“L ˆ­ NL­P VR’W WK¨ EL WU‡ÇF NKL YR NKX WL¬Q7K‚QJ/RQJYÇLF’FKL°QY¥WWKÄL/×Y<br /> <br /> F¤P FËD .LQK WKQK 1K‡ Y¥\ FÀQJ WKQK NK’L QL°P 9‚Q K½D “L /D WKHR …QJ O<br /> <br /> SK·D 1DP SKL Q•P J¡Q N¬ ˆ½ Y WKQK Y‚Q K½D 7UXQJ +RD L¬X Q\ FKÒQJ W»<br /> <br /> 7K‚QJ /RQJ [‡D F½ WK­ [’F ˆ¸QK YR G‡ÇL WKÄL 3K’S WKXÃFˆà F½PÃWVÂKL°QY¥W<br /> <br /> NKRQJ SK·D %˜F O„Q ˆ¯Q ˆ‡ÄQJ 4X’Q G‡ÇL O¹QJ ˆ¤W + 1ÃL ˆ‡ÈF NKDL TX¥W<br /> <br /> 7K’QK SK·D 1DP NKRQJ FKÈ &ÐD 1DP QK‡QJFK‡Dˆ‡ÈFQJKL„QFÒXU¼UQJ<br /> <br /> NªRˆ¯Q+QJ£\ 1JX\®Q7K’L+¾F SK·D<br /> 7Ï NKL WL¯S TXQ WKË ˆ… Q‚P <br /> …QJ ˆ¯Q SK /àQ ~QJ Y SK·D 7ƒ\ VDQJ<br /> FKÍQJ WD FÌQJ F½ PÃW YL F…QJ WU±QK [ƒ\<br /> ˆ¯Q 1J¾F + 1KÑQJ EQ ˆ¿ FÌ FËD 7K‚QJ<br /> GÓQJOÇQWURQJNKXYÓF.LQKWKQKFÌYL°F<br /> /RQJ WÏ WKÄL /„ +¿QJ ÒF Y© Q‚P  <br /> ˆR P½QJ F½ WK­ ˆà OP Oà QKL¬X G¤X Y¯W<br /> ˆ¯Q WKÄL 1JX\®Q Y© Q‚P   P FKÍQJ<br /> [‡D G‡ÇL O¹QJ ˆ¤W QK‡QJ E¤\ JLÄ QKÑQJ<br /> WD ˆà F½ WURQJ WD\ FÌQJ [’F QK¥Q ˆ¸D JLÇL<br /> QJ‡ÄLTXQO×FK‡DF½×WKÒFJ±QJLÑQKÑQJ<br /> QK‡Y¥\FËD.LQKWKQK<br /> GL W·FK ˆ½ Q„Q W¤W F ˆà E¸ [ÍF WKHR ˆ¤W ˆ’<br /> <br /> FËDF…QJWU±QK<br /> 1K¼QJ G•X YŸW Ä SK‹W KL Q G€³L<br /> <br /> O¦QJ•W 3KL ˆÈL ˆ¯Q Q‚P  VDX +L°S ˆ¸QK<br /> <br /> 3DULV NKL TX\¯W ˆ¸QK [ƒ\ GÓQJ /‚QJ FKË<br /> 7URQJ J¡Q PÃW WK¯ NÕ TXD QKÑQJ SK’W<br /> W¸FK +¿ &K· 0LQK W“L NKX YÓF %D ±QK<br /> KL°Q FËD NKR FÀ K¾F TXDQK NKX YÓF .LQK<br /> QKÑQJQJ‡ÄLFK²ˆ“RF…QJWU±QKPÇLGÓFP<br /> WKQK ˆà Kª PÅ QKL¬X WK…QJ WLQ TXDQ<br /> F¡Q ˆ¯Q VÓ F½ P W FËD F’Q Eà NKR FÀ K¾F<br /> WU¾QJ 1K‡QJ SK¡Q OÇQ ˆƒ\ O QKÑQJ FXÃF<br /> NKL WL¯Q KQK ˆR P½QJ .¯W TX O ED<br /> NKDL TX¥W F½ TX\ P… QK» NK…QJ ˆË ˆ­<br /> FKX\„Q JLD NKR FÀ K¾F ˆà ˆ‡ÈF PÄL ˆ¯Q<br /> QK¥QGL°QF’FGLW·FKNL¯QWUÍF9±Y¥\G‡ÇL<br /> FKÒQJ NL¯Q F…QJ FXÃF ˆR P½QJ [ƒ\ GÓQJ<br /> O¹QJˆ¤W+1ÃLF¹QO‡XG¤XQKL¬XE·¢QY¬<br /> /‚QJQK‡QJNK…QJˆ‡ÈF[ÐO×F’FKL°QY¥W<br /> .LQKˆ…7K‚QJ/RQJ[‡D<br /> SK’WKL°QP FK² ˆ½QJYDLQJ‡ÄL TXDQV’W<br /> <br /> ¡X WL„Q SKL N­ ˆ¯Q F…QJ FXÃF [ƒ\ 7“L ˆƒ\ F’F QK NKR FÀ K¾F ˆà WK¤\ ˆ‡ÈF<br /> <br /> GÓQJ + 1ÃL FËD QJ‡ÄL 3K’S K¾ ˆà FKR PÃW SK¡Q &ÐD 7ƒ\ FËD WKQK WKÄL 1JX\®Q<br /> <br /> SK’ WKQK QK 1JX\®Q ˆ­ EL¯Q WKQK NKX FÉQJ QKL¬X ˆR“Q WKQK Q¬Q O OÇS ˆ’ RQJ<br /> <br /> YÓF TXƒQ VÓ ˆ¿QJ WKÄL VDQ O¤S Y SK’ KË\ U¤W G\ WU„Q O J“FK 1JX\®Q O£Q YÇL J“FK<br /> <br /> QKL¬XNL¯QWUÍFFÀ7L¯Sˆ¯Q OQKÑQJ F…QJ Y¿ WKÄL +¥X /„ 7URQJ ˆ½ F½ QKL¬X GL Y¥W<br /> <br /> WU±QK [ƒ\ GÓQJ OÇQ FËD 3K’S ˜W K–Q ˆà QK‡J“FKQJ½LO‡XO\[DQKYQJˆ¿JÂPVÒ<br /> <br /> ˆÃQJ ˆ¯Q QKL¬X Q¬Q P½QJ FËD .LQK WKQK WÏ /×7U¡Q ˆ¯Q /„1JX\®Q F½ F [‡†QJ<br /> <br /> [‡D QK‡ 3KË 7RQ TX\¬Q 7U‡ÄQJ WUXQJ QJ‡ÄL Y [‡†QJ ˆÃQJ Y¥W WUƒX E¹ OÈQ <br /> <br /> K¾F$OEHUW6DUUDXWˆ¬XQ•PWURQJNKXYÓF /“L F¹Q WK¤\ YL F’L JL¯QJ [ƒ\ E•QJ J“FK<br /> <br /> KRQJ WKQK [‡D 1K QJK° WKX¥W K¾F *LDQJ 7k\ 4XkQ FKÑ LQWU„QJ“FKFKÒQJ<br /> <br /> /RXLV %H]DFLHU NKL QJKL„Q FÒX PÃW V KL°Q W» ˆ½ O J“FK F½ QL„Qˆ“L WKÄLWKXÃF‡ÄQJ<br /> <br /> Y¥W E•QJ JÂP Y ˆ’ W±P WK¤\ Å + 1ÃL WK¯NÕ9,,,; YJ“FKF½LQFKÑ/¯*LDp<br /> <br /> NK…QJ KL­X GR NKDL TX¥W NKR FÀ KD\ GR WDP pŒ /RQJ 7K¦\ 7KxL %ŽQK Wª QLlQ WyR<br /> <br /> SK’W KL°Q W±QK FÄ  ˆà ˆ W W„Q FKR FKÍQJ O   7¤WFQKÑQJKL°QY¥Wˆ½KL°Qˆ‡ÈF<br /> <br /> QJK°WKX¥W“L/D1K¥Qˆ¸QKQ\ˆàˆ‡ÈF ER TXQ Å ˆƒX FK² F½ EDQ FK² KX\ F…QJ<br /> <br /> QKL¬XQKQJKL„QFÒXQJK°WKX¥WE’FE»Y± WU‡ÄQJK¿Lˆ½PÇLEL¯WYFÌQJNK…QJˆ‡ÈF<br /> <br /> WURQJˆ½…QJˆàQK¡PO£QF’FKL°QY¥WWKÄL JLÇLNKRDK¾FWL¯SF¥Q<br /> +R‰QJWK‰QK7K~QJ/RQJ <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 4XD VÓ NL°Q ˆ½ FKÍQJ WD F½ WK­ ˆ WFƒX  F…QJ WU‡ÄQJ ˆà NKDL TX¥W ˆ‡ÈF<br /> <br /> K»L U•QJ OL°X NKL [ƒ\ GÓQJ +ÃL WU‡ÄQJ %D P  &XÃF NKDL TX¥W GÓ NL¯Q FK² ˆ‡ÈF<br /> <br /> ±QK KL°Q QD\ QKÑQJ QJ‡ÄL FK² ˆ“R F…QJ WL¯Q KQK WURQJ NKRQJ WKÄL JLDQ FK¥P<br /> <br /> WU±QK K¿L ˆ½ F½ SK’W KL°Q ˆ‡ÈF J± FK‚QJ Y QK¤W O ˆ¯Q QJ\  ˆ­ VDX ˆ½ WKL<br /> <br /> F½EDRQKL„XKL°QY¥Wˆàˆ‡ÈFNKDLTX¥WP F…QJˆRP½QJ<br /> <br /> NK…QJDLEL¯Wˆ¯Q"5¿LF¹QQKL¬XF…QJWU±QK<br /> 7KHR E’R F’R FËD 3*676 7ÂQJ 7UXQJ<br /> [ƒ\ GÓQJ OÇQ NK’F WURQJ NKX YÓF +RQJ<br /> 7·Q &KË QKL°P GÓ ’Q F…QJ WU±QK NKDL<br /> WKQKFÌQK‡1KKÃLQJK¸TXÂFW¯Åˆ‡ÄQJ<br /> TX¥W WK±WU„QWRQNKXYÓFY¸WU·QRFÌQJ<br /> /„ +¿QJ 3KRQJ P FKÍQJ WD NK…QJ K¬<br /> [X¤W Oà F’F W¡QJ Y‚Q K½D F½ FKÒD G¤X W·FK<br /> EL¯W ˆà WK¤\ QKÑQJ J± NKL ˆR P½QJ [ƒ\<br /> O¸FK VÐ Y Y‚Q K½D FËD 7K‚QJ /RQJ  +<br /> GÓQJ 1‚P  NKL TXƒQ ˆÃL TX\¯W ˆ¸QK<br /> 1ÃL WURQJ NKRQJ K†Q  Q‚P 1K±Q<br /> JLDR +¥X /ƒX Y &ÐD %˜F FKR QJQK ER<br /> FKXQJ W¡QJ Y‚Q K½D WK‡ÄQJ [X¤W KL°Q Å ˆÃ<br /> WQJ TXQ O× 3K·D G‡ÇL &ÐD %˜F KL°Q QD\<br /> VƒXNKRQJPWUÅ[XÂQJYG\WÏPˆ¯Q<br /> ˆà W±P WK¤\ PÃW FÐD %˜F NK’F FËD WKÄL<br /> P7“LY¸WU·PÃWVÂKÂNKDLTX¥WF½WK­<br /> +¥X /„UÃQJ K†QFK±PVƒXK†QQK‡QJˆà<br /> QK¥QUDˆ‡ÈFGLW·FKFËDF’FWKÄLˆ“LFK¿QJO„Q<br /> UL QLORQ O¤S F’W ˆ­FKÄPÃWFXÃFNKDLTX¥W<br /> QKDX9·GÎWL„XEL­XOKÂ% F½WK­WK¤\U¼<br /> F½ TX\ P… OÇQ K†Q 4XDQK +¥X /ƒX FÌQJ<br /> WU¥WWÓY‚QK½DTXDF’FWKÄLQK‡VDX<br /> W±PWK¤\QKÑQJG¤XY¯WFËDWKÄL/×YPÃW<br /> 7ψÃVƒXPˆ¯QPˆàJ SOÇS<br /> V KL°Q Y¥W WKÄL +¥X /„ QK‡QJ ˆàˆ‡ÈFVÐ<br /> Y‚QK½DWKÄL/„ ;9;9,,, <br /> GÎQJ O“L YÇL F…QJ Q‚QJ NK’F Y FÌQJ UL<br /> <br /> QLORQO¤SF’WFKÄPÃWG¸SNKDLTX¥WNK’F  7Ï ˆÃ VƒX P ˆ¯Q P O OÇS Y‚Q<br /> <br /> K½D WKÄL /×7U¡Q WK¯ NÕ ;,;,9  7“L ˆƒ\<br /> 1K‡ Y¥\ FKÍQJ WD SKL FKÄ PÃW WKÄL<br /> F¹Q F½ G¤X W·FK PÃW Q¬Q J“FK YX…QJ WKÄL<br /> JLDQ NK’ OƒX ˆ­ ˆ¯Q NKL EDQ KQK /XƒW GL<br /> 7U¡Q FK¿QJ K–Q O„Q Q¬Q J“FK YX…QJ WKÄL<br /> VvQYjQK–DWK±VÓF½P WFËDJLÇLNKRFÀ<br /> /×TXDPÃWOÇSˆ¤Wˆ˜SG\FPFP<br /> WURQJ P¾L F…QJ WU±QK [ƒ\ GÓQJ PÇL WUÅ<br /> <br /> WKQKSK’SO°QK  7Ï ˆÃ VƒX P ˆ¯Q NKRQJ K†Q P<br /> <br /> OOÇSY‚QK½DWKÄL“L/D WK¯NÕ9,,,; <br /> 1K¼QJ SK‹W KL Q P³L ± NKX Y¾F %D<br /> '¶ QKL„Q VÓ WKD\ ˆÀL FËD W¡QJ Y‚Q K½D Å<br /> z¡QK<br /> QKL¬X Y¸ WU· NK’F O NK’ SKÒF W“S Y NK…QJ<br /> &KR ˆ¯Q QD\ FK‡D WÏQJ F½ PÃW FXÃF<br /> JLÂQJQKDXQK‡QJWU„Qˆ“LWK­GL®QWU±QKY‚Q<br /> NKDL TX¥W NKR FÀ K¾F QR Å Q‡ÇF WD Y N­<br /> K½DWL„XEL­XFËDGLW·FKOQK‡Y¥\<br /> F Å NKX YÓF …QJ 1DP ‚ PDQJ PÃW W¡P<br /> 7URQJ F’F W¡QJ Y‚Q K½D ˆ¬X W±P WK¤\<br /> FÆ OÇQ QK‡ Y¥\ ‡ÈF VÓ ˆ¿QJ × FËD 7KË<br /> QKÑQJGLW·FKNL¯QWUÍFˆ FWU‡QJFKRF’FWKÄL<br /> W‡ÇQJ &K·QK SKË WÏ WK’QJ  9L°Q<br /> WL¬Q7K‚QJ/RQJ/×7U¡Q+¥X/„<br /> .KR FÀ K¾F ˆà WL¯Q KQK NKDL TX¥W NKX<br /> <br /> YÓF GÓ NL¯Q V© [ƒ\ GÓQJ 1K 4XÂF KÃL Y '‚X W‘FK NLŒQ WU¥F V P QK‚W WKXœF WKŒ N­<br /> <br /> +ÃLWU‡ÄQJ%D±QK PÇL F½GL°QW·FKUÃQJ 9,,,;½OY¯WW·FKFËDF’FQ¬QNL¯QWUÍF[¯S<br />  E•QJ J“FK PX [’P Y F’F FKƒQ ˆ’ WQJ à<br /> NKRQJ P  ƒ\ O Q†L ˆ‡ÈF JLÇL<br /> <br /> QJKL„Q FÒX 6Ð K¾F Y .KR FÀ K¾F ˆR’Q [X¤W KL°Q PÃW Y¯W W·FK NL¯Q WUÍF OÇQ KL°Q F¹Q<br /> <br /> ˆ¸QKQ•PWURQJNKXWUXQJWƒPFËD.LQKˆ… JLÑ ˆ‡ÈF  FÃW JÁ ˆDQJ GÓQJ WU„Q F’F FKƒQˆ’<br /> <br /> 7K‚QJ /RQJ WUL TXD F’F WKÄL /×7U¡Q Y WQJ&’FFÃWJÁQ\FDRPFKXYLNKRQJ<br /> <br /> /„ WÏWK¯NÕ;,;9,,, 7·QKˆ¯QWK’QJ PF’FKQKDXPW·QKWÏWLPFÃWFKL¬X<br /> <br />   1JKL€QF¾X/¦FKV¼V¯<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> GL%˜F1DPFËDF’FFÃWJÁQ\NKRQJP WU¹Q ˆ‡ÄQJ N·QK FP  &’F QK QJKL„Q<br /> <br /> ˆL¬X ˆ½ FKR WK¤\ P W E•QJ FËD NL¯Q WUÍF Q\ FÒX J¾L ˆ½ O Y¯W W·FK FËD NL¯Q WUÍF NL­X<br /> <br /> NK’OÇQ OX O¦F JLxF QJD\ F“QK F’F NL¯Q WUÍF Q\<br /> <br /> O Y¯W W·FK FËD PÃW G¹QJ V…QJ FÀ +L°Q ˆà<br /> '‚X W‘FK NLŒQ WU¥F WKL /¯ ˆ‡ÈF [’F<br /> W±P WK¤\  FÎP P½QJ WUÎ NL¯Q WUÍF QK‡<br /> ˆ¸QK J¿P F½ KDL Q¬Q NL¯Q WUÍF ˆ‡ÈF SKƒQ<br /> Y¥\SKƒQEÂG¾FWKHRV…QJ<br /> F’FK YÇL QKDX E•QJ PÃW Q¬Q VƒQ O’W J“FK<br /> <br /> YX…QJ&KDLG¤XW·FKNL¯QWUÍFQ\F½ˆ F &’F NL¯Q WUÍF ˆ¬X ˆ‡ÈF E WU· F’F poQJ<br /> <br /> WU‡QJ O J“FK E±D PX ˆ» E½ WK¬P Y F’F F›QJ WKR’W Q‡ÇF &½ OR“L FÂQJ WKR’W Q‡ÇF<br /> <br /> FKƒQ WQJ ˆ’ KRD VHQ &½  FKƒQ ˆ’ WQJ FËD PÃW NL¯Q WUÍF N·FK WK‡ÇF QK» F½ OR“L<br /> <br /> KRD VHQ ˆDQJ ˆ‡ÈF ˆ W QJX\„Q W“L FKÁ WU„Q FKR F PÃW NKX YÓF WK± N·FK WK‡ÇF OÇQ K†Q<br /> <br /> F’F P½QJ WUÎ JLD F E•QJ V»L Y J“FK YÎQ &’F FÐD FÂQJ ˆ¬X F½ [X K‡ÇQJ ˆÀ UD V…QJ<br /> <br /> &KƒQ WQJ K±QK YX…QJ N·FK WK‡ÇF FP  KR FK¿<br /> <br /> FP [ FP  FP  P W WQJ K±QK<br /> 0ÃW K° WKÂQJ F’F GL W·FK JLŒQJ Qo F ˆà<br /> WU¹Q ˆ‡ÄQJ N·QK FP  FP  [XQJ<br /> [X¤W OÃYÇL FKL¯F J¿P JL¯QJ F½QL„Qˆ“L<br /> TXDQK F½ FK“P  F’QK VHQ G’QJ WKRQ<br /> WK¯NÕ9,,,;JL¯QJWKÄL/×JL¯QJQ‡ÇF<br /> QªW FK“P WKDQK WÍ /R“L FKƒQ WQJ F’QK<br /> WKÄL 7U¡Q  JL¯QJ Q‡ÇF WKÄL /„  JL¯QJ<br /> VHQ Q\ W‡†QJ WÓ QK‡ F’F FKƒQ WQJ KRD<br /> Q‡ÇFˆ‡ÈFOPYRWKÄL/„1JX\®Q<br /> VHQ Å WK’S 7‡ÄQJ /RQJ +L 3K¹QJ  Q‚P<br /> 'L W‘FK Pœ WxQJ F½  Pà W’QJ NKRQJ<br />  WK’S &K‡†QJ 6†Q 1DP ¸QK  Q‚P<br /> FXÂL WKÄL 7U¡Q  Pà WKXÃF WKÄL /„ <br /> <br /> 1JX\®Q  Pà FXÂL WKÄL 1JX\®Q Y PÃW VÂ<br /> &¹Q [X¤W Oà J¡Q K¯W PÃW NL¯Q WUÍF U¤W OÇQ<br /> Eà GL FÂW Q•P UL U’F WURQJ GL FK² 1KÑQJ<br /> GL WU„Q P UÃQJ P YÇL K†Q  WUÎ P½QJ<br /> Pà W’QJ Q\ ˆDQJ ˆ‡ÈF QJKL„Q FÒX Y¬ P W<br /> K±QK YX…QJ N·FK WK‡ÇF P [ P <br /> QKƒQFKËQJYQL„Qˆ“L<br /> ˆ‡ÈF JLD F E•QJ V»L Y J“FK QJ½L YÎQ<br /> <br /> .L¯Q WUÍF Q\ ˆ‡ÈF VÐ GÎQJ WURQJ F WKÄL 6 O‡ÈQJ GL Y¥W ˆà W±P ˆ‡ÈF F½ WK­ ‡ÇF<br /> <br /> /×YWKÄL7U¡Q W·QK WÇL ˆ†Q Y¸ KQJ WUL°X WURQJ ˆ½ FKL¯P<br /> <br /> V O‡ÈQJ OÇQ O J“FK QJ½L Y ˆ¿ JÂP VÒ<br /> %‡ÇF ˆ¡X ˆà W±P WK¤\ TX\ P… NK’ KRQ<br /> 0ÁLWKÄLNÔGLY¥Wˆ¬XF½F’Fˆ FWU‡QJU¤W<br /> FK²QK PÃW NL¯Q WUÍF F½ FKL¬X GL K†Q P<br /> UL„QJ<br /> UÃQJPWKXÃFWKÄL/×7U¡QYÇLK†QP½QJ<br /> <br /> WUÎV»Lˆ‡ÈFSKƒQWKQKJLDQFK’L .KRvQJ WKŒ N­ 99, F½ F’F YL„Q J“FK<br /> <br /> PX ˆ» [’P U±D F“QK LQ KRD Y‚Q K±QK …<br /> 7“L K NKDL TX¥W NK’FˆàSK’WKL°QPÃW<br /> WU’P OÇQ ¿ JÂP VÒ F½ PÃW V E’W WU’QJ<br /> PQJ Q¬Q J“FK F¹Q QJX\„Q KDL YL„Q J“FK<br /> PHQPX[DQKYÇLF’FG¤XFRQN„OÇQWURQJ<br /> F½ FKÑ  o/¯ *LD p WDP pŒ /RQJ 7K¦\ 7KxL<br /> O¹QJ<br /> %ŽQK Wª QLlQ WyRp QJK¶D O J“FK ˆ‡ÈF FK¯<br /> <br /> W“R ˆÄL YXD/× WKÒ /×7K’QK7…QJ QL„Q 7KŒN­9,,,;J“FKQJ½LU¤WQKL¬X*“FK<br /> <br /> KL°X/RQJ7KÎ\7K’L%±QKWKÒ   WKÄL Q\ ˆ F WU‡QJ O OR“L J“FK F½  FKÑ<br /> <br /> <br /> &¹QW±PWK¤\G¤XW·FKPÃWP…K±QKNL¯Q o*LDQJ7k\4XkQpPX[’PF½YL„QLQFKÑ<br /> <br /> WUÍF ˆ‡ÈF W“R EÅL  P½QJ WUÎ WURQJ ˆ½ F½ o*LDQJ 7k\ &KX\lQp FKR WK¤\ ˆƒ\ O J“FK<br /> <br /> PÃW WUÎ P½QJ Å JLÑD K±QK YX…QJ [XQJ GR TXƒQˆÃL7UXQJ4XÂFVQ[X¤W*ÂPVÒ<br /> <br /> TXDQK O  WUÎ P½QJ WU¹Q %\ P½QJ WUÎ WKÄL Q\ WL„X EL­X O F’F OR“L Y¹ QÍPF’F<br /> <br /> Q\W“RWKQKPÃWP WE•QJNL¯QWUÍFK±QK ¤PPHQQJ¾FWKƒQFDR<br /> +R‰QJWK‰QK7K~QJ/RQJ <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 7KŒ N­  ˆà W±P WK¤\ PÃW V OR“L J“FK JÂP VÒ WKÄL /× ˆ“W WU±QK ˆÃ FDR /R“L K±QK<br /> <br /> QJ½L 7L„X EL­X QK¤W O YL„Q J“FK E±D PX F½E’Wˆ¶D¤PFK¥XYP…K±QKWK’Se<br /> <br /> ˆ» P W J“FK LQ FKÑ oiyL 9LW TX›F TXkQ<br /> ¿ JÂP VÒ WKÄL 7U¡Q QKL¬X Y ˆD G“QJ<br /> WKuQK FKX\lQp J“FK [ƒ\ TXƒQ WKQK FËD<br /> K†Q WKÄL /× ;X¤W KL°Q JÂP VÒ WUDQJ WU· KRD<br /> Q‡ÇF“L9L°W ƒ\YÂQOOR“LJ“FKU¤WSKÀ<br /> ODP Y KRD Y‚Q PX QƒX J² V˜W 7X\ QKL„Q<br /> EL¯QWURQJF’FNL¯QWUÍFWKÄLLQK7L¬Q/„<br /> WUDQJ WU· JÂP VÒ WKÄL 7U¡Q QJ\ FQJ ˆ†Q<br /> ÅNLQKˆ…+RD/‡ 1LQK%±QK L¬Xˆ½FKR<br /> JLQK†QWUDQJWU·JÂPVÒWKÄL/×<br /> WK¤\ WU‡ÇF NKL QK /× GÄL ˆ… UD 7K‚QJ<br /> 7KL +ƒX /l Y¬ P W GL Y¥W F½ WK­ FKLD<br /> /RQJ QK LQK KD\ 7L¬Q /„ ˆà F½ PÃW VÂ<br /> WKQK F’F JLDL ˆR“Q QK» K†Q WKÄL /„ V†<br /> F…QJWU±QK[ƒ\GÓQJňƒ\<br /> WKÄL /„0“FYWKÄL/„7UXQJ+‡QJ7KL<br /> 6DQJ WKL /¯ F’F OR“L J“FK QJ½L SK’W<br /> /l Vn GL Y¥W ˆ F WU‡QJ O F’F OR“L J“FK Y¿<br /> WUL­QSKRQJSKÍK†QEDRJLÄK¯W*“FKJ¿P<br /> Y QJ½L ƒP G‡†QJ N·FK WK‡ÇF OÇQ F’F ˆ¿<br /> F½ J“FK E±D J“FK K±QK FKÑ QK¥W Y J“FK<br /> JÂP VÒ KRD ODP Y JÂP VÒ WU˜QJ P»QJ FDR<br /> YX…QJ &½ PÃW V OR“L J“FK YX…QJ O’W Q¬Q<br /> F¤S 7KL /l  0yF [X¤W KL°Q ˆ¡X QJ½L ÂQJ<br /> ˆ‡ÈFWUDQJWU·KRDVHQKRDFÍFYÇLˆ‡ÄQJQªW<br /> F½ FK“P U¿QJ J¡Q JLÂQJ YÇL K±QK U¿QJ WU„Q<br /> WLQKW¯<br /> FKƒQˆ¦QJÂPVÒWKÄL0“F7U„Qˆ¿JÂPVÒ<br /> <br /> 1J½L OÈS J¿P QJ½L E¹ ÍS Q½F QJ½L ÂQJ F’F K±QK U¿QJ ˆ‡ÈF Y© U¤W ˆ†Q JLQ NK…QJ<br /> <br /> QJ½L ƒP G‡†QJ QJ½L PÌL VHQ 7U„Q ˆ¡X Y W²DW½WYWUDXFKXÂWQK‡WKÄL/„V†<br /> <br /> O‡QJQJ½Lˆ‡ÈFWUDQJWU·F’FK±QK Oxp‰F½<br /> & WKL /l  0yF Y WKL /l 7UXQJ +oQJ<br /> K±QK U¿QJ SK‡ÈQJ KRD VHQ KRD FÍFe YÇL<br /> ˆ¬X VÐGÎQJOR“LJ“FKY¿F½N·FKWK‡ÇFWUXQJ<br /> KQJ FKÎF EL¯Q WK­ NK’F QKDX 5¤W QKL¬X<br /> E±QKYQK»1K‡QJˆ¿JÂPVÒWKÄL/„7UXQJ<br /> F’F W‡ÈQJ ˆ¡X U¿QJ ˆ¡X SK‡ÈQJ FÌQJ ˆ‡ÈF<br /> +‡QJ WK± FÓF NÔ SKRQJ SKÍ 7X\ QKL„Q ˆ¿<br /> W±PWK¤\1JRLUDWURQJWKÄL/×F¹QF½F’F<br /> JÂPVÒWKÄLQ\PHQNK…QJˆ«SE•QJF’FWKÄL<br /> GL Y¥W WKQK E¥F FÂL FÐD FKƒQ ˆ’ WQJ<br /> NÔWU‡ÇFˆ½<br /> FK“PK±QKU¿QJSK‡ÈQJYKRDO’<br /> 1JRL F’F GL Y¥W SKÀ EL¯Q WU„Q F¹Q F½ PÃW<br /> 1JK WKXƒW 7UQ WL¯S QÂL Y SK’W WUL­Q<br /> V GL Y¥W NK’F QK‡ ˆ¿ NLP OR“L VÍQJ WK¡Q<br /> WÏ Q¬Q QJK° WKX¥W /× PÃW P W WL¯S WÎF<br /> F…QJNL¯PGDRPÌLW„Qˆ¿QJe JÂP7UXQJ<br /> WUX\¬Q WKÂQJ /× QK‡QJ P W NK’F FQJ<br /> 4XÂF WÏ WK¯ NÕ 9,, ˆ¯Q WK¯ NÕ ;,;  JÂP<br /> QJ\FQJEL¯QˆÀLP“QKP©*“FK[ƒ\WKÄL<br /> ,VODP JÂP 1K¥W %Q QÐD FXÂL WK¯ NÕ<br /> 7U¡Q F½ OR“L ˆ F WU‡QJ LQ QÀL FKÑ o9QK<br /> ;9,, e<br /> 1LQK 7UoQJp *“FK O’W LQ QÀL K±QK KRD<br /> &© WK WK•\ J¡ TXD FX¯F NKDL TX–W<br /> P£Xˆ†Q3KÀEL¯QO F’FOR“LQJ½LPÌLVHQ<br /> Qˆ\<br /> F½ˆ¡XPÌLKÇWFDRKR FPÌLY’WF“QKK±QK<br /> <br /> WDPJL’F<br /> ƒ\OO¡Qˆ¡XWL„QPÃWSKÒFK°GLW·FK<br /> <br /> i˜ J›P Vª WKL /¯ NK’ SKRQJ SKÍ &½ GL Y¥W G‡ÇL O¹QJ ˆ¤W WUXQJ WƒP +RQJ<br /> <br /> JÂPVÒPHQQJ¾FPHQWU˜QJPHQOÎFPHQ WKQK7K‚QJ/RQJYWKQK+1ÃL[‡Dˆà<br /> <br /> YQJ Y KRD QƒX YÇLPX PHQV˜F VR KRD ˆ‡ÈF SK’W Oà YÇL QKÑQJ W¡QJ Y‚Q K½D SK’W<br /> <br /> Y‚Q WUDQJ WU· ˆ«S FKÒQJ W» YL°F VQ [X¤W WUL­QOL„QWÎFTXDQKL¬XWK¯NÕ<br /> <br />   1JKL€QF¾X/¦FKV¼V¯<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ÈWNKDLTX¥WYÏDTXDFKRWK¤\PÁLNL¯Q QK¸S ˆÃ WKD\ ˆÀL QKDQK Y QJ\ FQJ<br /> <br /> WUÍFˆ¬Xˆ‡ÈFWUDQJWU·QKL¬Xˆ¬WLU¤Wˆ«S SK½QJNKR’QJ<br /> <br /> 7K¯ NÕ 9,,  ,; F½ WUDQJ WU· KRD VHQ KRD *6 7U¡Q 4XÂF 9‡ÈQJ QK¥Q [ªW *L’ WU¸<br /> <br /> FÍF ˆ¡X OLQK WKÍ YÇL G’QJ Y¨ JƒQ JXÂF GÑ OÇQ QK¤W FËD SK’W KL°Q NKR FÀ K¾F Q\ O<br /> <br /> GÃL 7KÄL LQK  /„ WUDQJ WU· F’F K±QK KRD QKÑQJ G¤X W·FK NL¯Q WUÍF J¿P QKL¬X FKƒQ<br /> <br /> VHQ X\„Q ‡†QJ 7KÄL /× WUDQJ WU· ˆ“W WÇL ˆ’ WQJ KRD VHQ ˆ‡ÈF ˆ W WU„Q QKÑQJ WUÎ<br /> <br /> ˆ²QK ˆL­P FËD VÓ WLQK W¯ 7KÄL 7U¡Q WUDQJ FK¸XOÓFE•QJV»L Yˆ¤WVªWˆ¡PFK W1K‡<br /> <br /> Y¥\ FKÍQJ WD WK¤\ QKÑQJ P… K±QK NL¯Q<br /> WU·NKR¨P“QK7KÄL+¥X/„WUDQJWU·SK½QJ<br /> WUÍFQ\SK¡QFK¸XOÓFNK…QJSKLOWoQJ<br /> NKR’QJ K†Q WURQJ ˆ½ WUDQJ WU· ˆ«S QK¤W O<br /> P O FœW µ ˆƒ\ W±P WK¤\ F QKÑQJ K°<br /> WKÄL /„ V† F’F WKÄL WL¯S WKHR WUDQJ WU· WU„Q<br /> WKÂQJ FÂQJ UàQK WKR’W Q‡ÇF ˆ‡ÈF [ƒ\ GÓQJ<br /> J“FK QJ½L ˆ†Q JLQ Y F½ WK„P ˆ¬ WL PÇL<br /> E•QJ OR“L J“FK FKX\„Q GÎQJ %„Q F“QK ˆ½<br /> &’F NL¯Q WUÍF ˆ½ ˆ‡ÈF E WU· WKQK QKL¬X<br /> O QKÑQJ JL¯QJ ˆ‡ÈF [ƒ\ E•QJ J“FK YÇL<br /> W¡QJ QKL¬X OÇS FK“\ VRQJ VRQJ WKHR K‡ÇQJ<br /> QKÑQJ QL„Q ˆ“L NK’F QKDX FK² GÉQJ P“FK<br /> %˜F  1DP ;HQ JLÑD F’F G¤X Y¯W NL¯Q WUÍF<br /> Q‡ÇF ˆÒQJ FKÒ NK…QJ GÉQJ P“FK QJDQJ<br /> KR F WÏQJ NL¯Q WUÍF F½ V…QJ F½ K¿ ˆ­ WKR’W<br /> 6DX ˆ½ O KQJ WUL°X KL°Q Y¥W F½ QKÑQJ<br /> <br /> Q‡ÇFYW“RFQKˆ«S KL°QY¥WU¤WTX×KL¯P5¤WQKL¬Xˆ¿JÂPVÒ<br /> <br /> 7Ï WU‡ÇF ˆ¯Q QD\ FKÍQJ WD FK² F‚Q FÒ QÃL ˆ¸D 7UXQJ 4XÂF 1K¥W %Q O N¯W TX<br /> <br /> YR NL¯Q WUÍF FXQJ ˆ±QK +X¯ FËD QK FËD VÓ JLDR O‡X Y‚Q KR’ JLÑD “L 9L°W YÇL<br /> <br /> F’F Q‡ÇF NK’F 9 NKR FÀ K¾F ˆ… WK¸ ˆ‡ÈF<br /> 1JX\®QWK¯NÕ;,;ˆ­SK»QJˆR’QTX\P…<br /> WKÓFVÓFKÍ×E•QJFXÃFNKDLTX¥WQ\<br /> NL¯Q WUÍF F’F WKÄL WU‡ÇF ˆ½ Y FP JL’F<br /> <br /> FKXQJ ˆ¬X FKR U•QJ NL¯Q WUÍF FXQJ ˆ±QK *6 3KDQ +X\ /„ &KË W¸FK +ÃL .KRD<br /> <br /> 9L°W 1DP O QK» Eª WUDQJ WU· ˆ†Q JLQ K¾FO¸FKVÐ9L°W1DPˆàSK’WEL­X<br /> <br /> 1K‡QJ QKÑQJ SK’W KL°Q W“L +RQJ WKQK<br /> 3KxW KLQ Qu\ F“Q FXQJ F‚S WKmQJ WLQ<br /> 7K‚QJ/RQJ[‡DˆàFKRWDWK¤\PÃWVÓWK¥W<br /> FKRELŒWWURQJO“QJp‚W+RuQJWKuQK7KjQJ<br /> KRQ WRQ QJ‡ÈF O“L &K² UL„QJ N·FK WK‡ÇF<br /> /RQJ [oD F“Q EvR W˜Q QKL‰X GL W‘FK GL YƒW<br /> F’F ˆ¿ ˆ¤W QXQJ WUDQJ WU· WU„Q VÂQJ Q½F<br /> TX¯ 7§ pk\ F– WKŠ poD UD NKv QjQJ Pž<br /> FÌQJ ˆË FKR WD K±QK GXQJ VÓ ˆ¿ Và FËD EÃ<br /> UœQJ GLQ W‘FK pL‰X WUD Yu NKDL TXƒW [k\<br /> P’L ˆ½ QK‡ WK¯ QR &½ PÃW GL W·FK FXQJ<br /> G«QJ PœW TX\ KRyFK EvR W˜Q PœW NKX Y«F<br /> ˆL°Q WKÄL /×7U¡Q TXD WUÎ P½QJ FKƒQ FÃW<br /> GL W‘FK O’FK V¨ YjQ K–D F£D .LQK WKuQK<br /> FKR WK¤\ J¿P  KQJ FKƒQ FÃW YÇL  JLDQ<br /> 7KjQJ /RQJ WKuQK +u 1œL F™ Yu Pž UœQJ<br /> F½GL°QW·FKOÇQK†QPÃWQJQPªWYX…QJ<br /> pŒQ FxF GL W‘FK FxFK PyQJ Yu NKxQJ FKLŒQ<br /> 1KÑQJ GL W·FK Y GL Y¥W NL¯Q WUÍF Y¥W<br /> WKL pyL +˜ &K‘ 0LQK QKo +œL WUoQJ %D<br /> GÎQJ FXQJ ˆ±QK ˆ¿ JÂP VÒ YÌ NK·e W±P<br /> iŽQK/jQJYu1KuVuQ%xF+˜7™QJKuQK<br /> ˆ‡ÈFÅNKXYÓFNKDLTX¥WˆàFKÒQJW»QJK°<br /> GLQK TXkQ pœL QKkQ GkQ 9LW 1DP WKL<br /> WKX¥W WKÄL /×  7U¡Q  /„ ˆ“W WÇL WU±QK ˆÃ<br /> NKxQJ FKLŒQ FK›QJ 0® N‡R GuL W§ WKŒ N­<br /> FDR %˜W QJX¿Q WÏ WKÄL LQK  /„ QJK°<br /> 9,, KLY—QJF–WKŠSKxWKLQQK©QJGLW‘FK<br /> WKX¥WWKÄL/׈“WWÇLˆ²QKˆL­PFËDVÓWLQK<br /> GLYƒWV PKnQ pŒQWKŒN­;;ik\OuPœW<br /> [R Y TX\ SK“P QJK° WKX¥W WKÄL 7U¡Q<br />  ;HPWLŒSWUDQJ <br /> WKL„Q Y¬ NKR¨ P“QK QJK° WKX¥W WKÄL /„<br />
ADSENSE

CÓ THỂ BẠN MUỐN DOWNLOAD

 

Đồng bộ tài khoản
2=>2