Hydro khử lưu huỳnh sâu phân đoạn Điêzen nhằm tăng tuổi thọ động cơ và giảm ô nhiễm môi trường

9S Hydro khd IUTI huynh sau phan doan^iezen^<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> HYDRO KHU* LUU HUYNH SAU PHAN DOAN DIEZEN NHAM<br /> TANG TUOI THO DONG CO VA GIAM 6 NHIEM MOI TRU^OWG<br /> <br /> <br /> Vu Thj Thu Ha, Nguyin Quang Huynh<br /> Vifn Hod hoc Cdng nghiep<br /> Nguyin Thanh Son<br /> Vi^n Nghien ciru Xiic tdc (Cong hod Phdp)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TOM TAT<br /> Cdc phdn tdng khie liru huynh vdi cdc phdn tic dgi dien (DBT vd 4,6 DMDBT) da<br /> duac tiin hdnh tren hai logi xuc tdc cdng nghiep khdc nhau. Cdc kit qud thu dugc cho<br /> thdy khd ndng khir cdc hap chdt lieu huynh phu thupe vdo hdm lugmg kim logi hogt tinh cd<br /> trong xuc tdc ciing nhu phu thupe vdo cdc dieu kien thao tdc. Phdn img khir luu huynh<br /> nhien lieu diezen tren xiic tdc cdng nghiep CoMoP a cdc dieu kien phdn ung gdn vdi dieu<br /> kien thtrc ti cung da dugtc tiin hdnh. Dd xdc dinh duac bgc phdn img tdch logi liru huynh<br /> n = 1,8. Sdn phdm thu dugc sau qud trinh tdch logi luu huynh hodn todn phii hgp vdi tieu<br /> chudn mdi trudng trong thdi ky ddi hgn cda Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> DAT VAN DE<br /> Nhien lieu chira lim huynh khi chay tao ra khdi thai cd ehua cac khi SOx gay an mdn<br /> thilt bi va ddc hai eho ngudi su dung, ddng thdi cdn la nguyen nhan gay ra cac tran mua<br /> axit. De giam thieu nhirng tae ddng xau den sue khoe va mdi trudng cua khdi thai ddng<br /> CO, can phai giam tdi thieu ham lugng lim huynh trong nhien lieu, d chau Au, tieu chuan<br /> mdi trudng quy djnh ham lugng tdi da cua lim huynh trong xang va dau diezen nam 1996<br /> tuong ling la 300 va 500ppm, can phai giam xudng cdn SOppm cho nam 2005 va lOppm<br /> (ture la loai gan nhu hoan toan luu huynh) eho nam 2010 [1, 2]. Tuong tu, d My, Nhat,<br /> Trieu Tien va mdt sd qudc gia khae, cac tieu chuan ve mdi trudng cd lien quan den ham<br /> lugng luu huynh trong nhien lieu ciing dugc dieu chinh ngay cang chat che. Thuc te, khdi<br /> thai ddng co khdng chiia luu huynh, tiic la nhien lieu cd ham lugng luu huynh xap xi bing<br /> khdng se dugc keu ggi iing dung tren toan the gidi trong vdng tir 5 den 10 nam tdi [3-7].<br /> Hieu qua eua cac cdng nghe hydro hoa khu luu huynh sau, vi vay, trd nen rat quan trgng.<br /> Cac qua trinh hydro hoa khir luu huynh sau (HDS) hien hanh khdng the san xuat dugc<br /> nhien lieu cd ham lugng luu huynh gin nhu bing khdng trong khi van giir dugc cac tinh<br /> chit khae cua nhien lieu [2-6] nen cdn cin cd rit nhilu nghien ciiru nham nang cao hieu<br /> qua khir luu huynh sau cac nhien lieu cua qua trinh nay.<br /> D I hdi nhap vdi cac qudc gia tren thi gidi, tieu chuiri cua Viet Nam vl ham lugng<br /> luu huynh tdi da trong nhien lieu cung se phai theo tieu chuin cua cac nude trong khu vuc<br /> dl hieu chinh va bd sung cho phii hgp. Hien nay, tieu chuan Viet Nam quy dinh ham<br /> Tuyin tap bio cio Hpi nghj KHCN "30 nim Dau khf Vift Nam: Cff hpi mdi, thich thde mdi" 99<br /> <br /> <br /> lugng luu huynh trong xang 90, 92, 95 khdng dugc ldn hom ISOOppm. Trong thdi ky trung<br /> ban va dai ban, yeu ciu ham lugng luu huynh trong xang giam xudng tuong iing cdn<br /> 350ppm va lOOppm. Ddi vdi diezen cao cap, quy djnh hien nay ve ham lugng luu huynh<br /> la khdng vugt qua 5000ppm, se sdm giam xudng 3000ppm va trong thdi ky trung ban va<br /> dai ban se giam xuong tuong iing la 350 va 200ppm. De dap iing dieu nay, cac nghien ciiu<br /> bude dau ciia chiing tdi, lien quan den viec ap dung edng nghe hydro boa khii luu huynh<br /> sau nhien lieu diezen, da dugc tiln hanh. Cac kit qua se dugc trinh bay trong bao eao nay.<br /> <br /> TONG QUAN TAI LIEU<br /> Cac hgp chat hiru co chiia luu huynh ludn cd mat trong hau het cac phan doan dau<br /> thd. Cac phan doan cd nhiet do sdi eao hon thudng chiia nhieu luu huynh hon va cac hgp<br /> chat luu huynh thudng cd phan tir lugng eao hon. Cae phan tir khae nhau ed boat tinh rat<br /> khae nhau trong phan iing HDS : luu huynh d dang meeaptan thi de loai hem khi chiing<br /> tham gia vao cau tnic cua mdt phan tii kieu thiophen hoae dibenzothiophen. Ddi vdi cac<br /> thir nghiem trong phdng thi nghiem tren cac phan tir miu, thiophen dugc lya chgn nhu<br /> mdt dai dien eua cac phan tir chiia luu huynh cd mat trong xang nhe cdn benzothiophen<br /> ho5c dibenzothiophen dai dien cho cac phan tir chiia luu huynh cd mat trong eae phan<br /> doan nang ban.<br /> HDS eae hgp chat thiophen xay ra theo hai con dudng phan iing [8]. Qua con dudng<br /> thii nhat, nguyen tir luu huynh bi loai true tiep khdi phan tir (co che hydro phan). Trong<br /> eon dudng phan urng thii hai, vdng thom bj hydro hoa va sau dd luu huynh bj loai (co che<br /> hydro hoa). Ca hai con dudng phan iing xay ra song song vdi nhau nhd sir dyng cac tam<br /> boat tinh khae nhau tren be mat chat xiic tac. Con dudng phan urng nao chiem uu the phu<br /> thude vao ban chit ciia hgp chat chiia luu huynh, dieu kien phan img va chat xiic tae dugc<br /> sir dung. O ciing nhiimg dieu kien phan iing, dibenzothiophen cd xu hudng phan iing qua<br /> con dudng hydro phan, trong khi do, dibenzothiophen da bj alkyl hoa d cac vj tri 4 va 6<br /> phan irng theo ca hai con dudng hydro boa va hydro phan [9,10]. Hoat tinh eiia cac hgp<br /> chat chiira luu huynh trong qua trinh HDS dugc sap xep theo thir tu sau day: Thiophen ><br /> alkyl thiophen > benzothiophen > alkyl benzothiophen > dibenzothiophen va alkyl<br /> dibenzothiophen khdng the d vi tri 4 va 6 > alkyl dibenzothiophen vdi alkyl the d vj tri 4<br /> va 6 [11,12].<br /> Cac chat xiic tac cho qua trinh HDS la cac sunfua molipden hoae vonfram dugc kich<br /> ddng bdi cac sunfua ciia cac kim loai nhdm VIII, coban hoae nicken. Cac pha boat tinh<br /> nay dugc mang tren cac chat mang cd dien tich be mat rieng ldn ma trong sd do, oxit<br /> nhdm dang y dugc sir dyng nhieu nhat.<br /> Cac chat xiic tac cdng nghiep thudng d dudi dang bi hoae vien hinh try. Chiing<br /> thudng duge "ban" dudi dang "oxit" rdi dugc sunfua hoa true tilp trong thilt bj phan iing<br /> hoae bdi mdt qua trinh cd ten la SULFICAT. Giai doan sunfua hoa rit quan trgng vi boat<br /> tinh ciia xiic tac phu thudc vao trang thai sunfua hoa ciia xiic tac va su phan tan ciia pha<br /> sunfua. Trong phdng thi nghiem, qua trinh sunflia hoa dugc tiln hanh trong khoang nhiet<br /> 100 Hydro khd lu-u huynh sau phan doan diezen..<br /> <br /> <br /> do tir 300 - 400°C vdi hdn hgp chira H2S, thdng thudng la H2-H2S. Trong cdng nghiep,<br /> qua trinh tiln sunfua hoa dugc tien hanh dudi ap suat hydro vdi nguyen lieu ma ngudi ta<br /> da them vao dd hgp chat sunfua dang CS2 hoae CH3SSCH3.<br /> <br /> THU'C NGHIEM<br /> Hai loai xiic tac HDS cdng nghiep da dugc sir dyng, xiic tac C0M0/AI2O3 cua<br /> Procatalyst va CoMoP ciia Akzo Nobel, cd cae dac trung nhu trong Bang I.<br /> Bang 1: Dac trirng ciia cac xiic tac HDS<br /> Xijc tac Thanh phan Ham lu-ffng (% kl) SBET (m^/g)<br /> <br /> C0M0/AI2O3 M0O3 14 228<br /> CoO 3<br /> CoMoP M0O3 18 274<br /> CoO 3,7<br /> <br /> Trudc khi tien hanh phan iing, xuc tac can dugc boat hoa de chuyen tir dang oxit<br /> sang dang sunfua boat tinh. Qua trinh boat hoa (trong dieu kien phdng thi nghiem) dugc<br /> thyc hien dudi dilu kien ap suat khi quyen, nhiet do 380°C trong 3 gid vdi hdn hgp<br /> sunfua boa la H2S/H2 (15% moi H2S) cd luu lugng tdng 4 L/h. Sau khi boat boa xong xiic<br /> tac dugc thu hdi va luu giir trong mdi trudng khi tro (Ar) de tranh cho xuc tac bj oxy boa<br /> trd lai.<br /> <br /> 1. Phan irng khir liru huynh cua cac dibenzothiophene<br /> Myc dich ciia nghien ciiu nay la de tinh toan nang lugng hoat hoa bieu kien cua<br /> phan ling tren hai chat xiie tac dugc nghien ciiu. Phan iing dugc thye hien d pha khi trong<br /> thiet bj phan iing dang ldp xue tac tinh. Khdi lugng xiic tac va kich thudc ciia hat xiie tac<br /> dugc xac djnh sao cho tdc do phan img khdng bj ban che bdi hien tugng khulch tan trong<br /> va ngoai hat xiic tac. Cac san pham eua qua trinh duge phan tich nhd sic ky khi HP 5890<br /> vdi cdt sac ky la HP50 + Crosslinked 50% Ph Me Silicon 30m x 0,53mm x lym.<br /> Cac dieu kien ciia qua trinh phan iing:<br /> - Ap suit tdng: 36,10'Pa<br /> - Ap suat rieng phan cua DBT: 480 Pa<br /> - Nhiet do: 513-533 K<br /> - Luu lugng tdng: 87ml/phiit<br /> Do chuyen hda dugc xac djnh sau khi xiic tac boat ddng dn djnh (khoang 10 gid sau<br /> khi tiep xue vdi cac chat phan iing).<br /> <br /> 2. Phan irng khir lu-u huynh ciia cac dan xuat dibenzothiophene<br /> 4,6-DMDBT la mdt dan xuat ben ciia DBT, cd kha nang phan iing kem. Trong phan<br /> img HDS ciia DBT, hudng phan iing chinh la khir luu huynh tryc tiep. Khi cd mat cac<br /> TuyIn tap bio c i o Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nim Dau khi Viet Nam: Cff hoi m61, thich thde mdi" l_Oj_<br /> <br /> <br /> nhdm thi methyl, chiing se anh hudng chii ylu len hudng khir luu huynh tryc tiep. Vi thi<br /> phan urng nay cho phep danh gia do chuyen hda cung nhu do chgn Igc ciia xiie tac thdng<br /> qua cae budng phan iing.<br /> Phan ling dugc tiln hanh trong thilt bj phan iing kin, d ap suit tdng 50,1 O^Pava<br /> nhiet do 300°C. Cac san phim ciia phan img dugc phan tich bang sic ky khi HP 5890A<br /> vdi cdt HP 5 (5%) phenyl methyl silicone) 30m x 0,32mm x 0,25ym, khi mang la N2, ap<br /> suat dau cdt la 5,10'Pa.<br /> <br /> 2. Phan irng khir liru huynh diezen thiromg pham<br /> Viec danh gia cae chat xiie tac HDS tren nguyen lieu thyc trong mdt thiet bj phan<br /> ling d quy md pilot, thudng bj han che bdi khdi lugng xiic tac va bdi chi phi lap dat he<br /> thdng phan iing. Hon niira, viec phan tieh nguyen lieu trudc va sau khi phan iing la kha<br /> phirc tap. Chinh vi vay, hau nhu chua cd cdng trinh nao cdng bd ve cac ket qua nghien<br /> cim ddng hgc cua qua trinh HDS tren nguyen lieu thye. Mdi day, do sy phat trien manh<br /> me cua ky thuat thiet bj phan iing da xuat hien cac he thiet bj micro pilot eho phep tien<br /> hanh cac phan img xiic tae trong dieu kien tuong ty nhu cae dieu kien sir dyng trong edng<br /> nghiep. Trong cdng trinh nay, chiing tdi da sir dyng he thdng micro pilot nay de nghien<br /> cim qua trinh HDS tren nguyen lieu thyc. Mau diezen thuong pham sir dung trong nghien<br /> ciiu nay dugc lay tir diezen nhap khau cua Petrolimex. Chat xiic tac dugc lua chgn la xuc<br /> tac cd boat tinh cao hon trong sd hai loai xiic tac cdng nghiep da nhac den d tren. Cae thyc<br /> nghiem dau tien cua chiing tdi tren nguyen lieu diezen lien quan den viec xac dinh bae va<br /> hang sd tdc do phan iing tach loai luu huynh. Cac thyc nghiem tiep theo lien quan den<br /> viec xac djnh boat tinh ciia xiic tae trong qua trinh HDS sau nhien lieu diezen.<br /> Qua trinh thir nghiem duge thyc hien trong cac dieu kien: ap suat tdng - 30,10'Pa;<br /> ty le hydro/hydrocarbon - 250 (Nl/1). Tuy theo muc dich cua thuc nghiem, nhiet do phan<br /> ling va VVH cd the thay ddi.<br /> Ham lugng luu huynh trong nguyen lieu va trong san pham phan iing dugc xac djnh<br /> tren may phan tich luu huynh ANTEK 9000 NS.<br /> Do chuyen hda cua cac hgp chat luu huynh trong diezen dugc xac djnh nhu sau:<br /> <br /> X= xlOO<br /> <br /> Trong dd:<br /> X: Do chuyen hda (%))<br /> S: Ham lugng luu huynh tdng ban dau<br /> SQ: Ham lugng luu huynh cuoi<br /> <br /> KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br /> <br /> 1. Phan irng khir Imi huynh ciia cac dibenzothiophene<br /> Hing sd tdc do cae phan iing khir luu huynh ciia cac dibenzothiophene dugc bilu<br /> 102 Hydro khd IUTI huynh sau phan doan diezen^<br /> <br /> <br /> diln theo djnh luat Arrhenius bdi phuong trinh:<br /> k = ko.e(-^^'^^f(Pi)<br /> vdi: k - hing sd tdc do phan iing; ko - thira sd trudc ham mu; R - hang so khi ly<br /> tudng; T - nhiet do K, Ea - nang lugng hoat hoa bieu kiln.<br /> Vdi thanh phin da eho ciia chit phan iing [f(Pi) khdng ddi], phuong trinh cd dang :<br /> Ink = Inko - Ea/RT hay d(lnk)/d(l/T) = -Ea/R.<br /> Nhu vay, dya vao su phu thudc tuyIn tinh ciia Ink vao 1/T ta tinh dugc Ea. Mat<br /> khae, tir bilu thiic cua van tdc phan iing: V = kC" (n la bae phan irng) ta cd:<br /> InV = Ink +nlnC hay d(lnV)/d(l/T) = d(lnk)/d(l/T)<br /> (vi C khdng phy thude vao T)<br /> cd nghia la cd thi sii dung su phu thudc ciia InV vao 1/T de xac djnh Ea.<br /> D I dam bao tinh bin cua cac chit xiic tac, cac dilm "hdi luu*" da dugc tien hanh.<br /> Ket qua thyc nghiem dugc trinh bay trong Bang 2.<br /> Bang 2: Phan ung khu- Iiru huynh cac dibenzothiophene tren cac xiic tac khae nhau<br /> <br /> Xiic tac CoMo/AizOs CoMoP<br /> <br /> , Nhiet dp Dp chuyen hod Van tdc phdn ung Dp chuyen hod Van tdc phdn irng<br /> <br /> (%) (k.l(P(l.s'.g-')) (%) (kl(f(l.s\g'))<br /> <br /> 513 28,7 0,85 42,7 1,2<br /> 523 45,7 1,57 53,8 1,6<br /> 533 53,5 2 69,4 2,62<br /> 513* 28,68 0,84 42,69 1,2<br /> <br /> Ve do thj Arrhenius tren co sd cac sd lieu thu duge chiing tdi tinh dugc nang lugng<br /> boat boa cua phan iing la Ea = 24KJ/mol ddi vdi xiic tae C0M0/AI2O3 va Ea = 30,7KJ/mol<br /> ddi vdi xiie tae CoMoP. Tir kit qua nay, nit ra kit luan ring:<br /> Trong viing nhiet do nghien ciiu, tdc do chuyen hoa ciia dibenzothiophen tren hai<br /> chat xiic tac tuan theo djnh luat Arrhenius.<br /> Cae gia tri nang lugmg boat hoa ddi vdi eae chit xiic tac nay la tuong ty nhau. Dieu<br /> nay cho thay con dudng phan img chinh chuyin boa dibenzothiophen la nhu nhau tren ca<br /> hai xiic tac (con dudng khir luu huynh trye tilp).<br /> <br /> 2. Phan irng khir liru huynh cua cac dan xuat dibenzothiophene<br /> Kit qua thuc nghiem thu dugc tren hai loai xiie tac cua Proeatalyse va Akzo Nobel<br /> dugc trinh bay trong Bang 3.<br /> Tuyen tap bao cio Hpi nghj KHCN "30 nim Dau khi Vift Nam: Cff hgi mdi, thich thde mdi" ]_03^<br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 3: Phan iing HDS ciia cac dan xuat DBT<br /> Loai xuc tac Van toe ban dau Do chon loc, %<br /> (mol.s'.g-') Hydro hda Khic luu huynh<br /> true tiep<br /> <br /> C0M0/AI2O3 1,8 86 14<br /> CoMoP 2,4 80 20<br /> <br /> So sanh hai chat xuc tac ta thay xiic tac CoMoP ciia Akzo Nobel uu viet hon xiic tac<br /> ciia Proeatalyse ea ve tdc do chuyen hoa 4,6-DMDBT lan do chgn lge ddi vdi hudng phan<br /> img khir Itm huynh true tiep. Dieu nay cd the duge giai thich thdng qua ham lugng cac<br /> kim loai boat tinh trong xiic tac CoMoP ciing nhu tae dung tang cudng ciia P trong xuc<br /> tac. Chat xiie tac nay se dugc lya chgn cho cac thuc nghiem tiep theo.<br /> Hinh 1 va 2 sau day bieu dien su bien thien eiia do chuyen hda tdng ciia 4,6-<br /> DMDBT theo thdi gian va su bien thien ciia eae san pham theo do chuyen hda tdng tren<br /> xuc tac cua Akzo Nobel. Trong dd: HN= Cac san pham ciia hudng phan iing hydro hoa<br /> (TH=DMDBT: tetrahydrodimethyl dibenzothiophen vd HH=DMDBT: hexahydrodimethyl<br /> dibenzothiophen); DMBP= Dimethylbiphenyle; DMCHB = Dimethylcyclohexylbenzene<br /> DMDCH = Dimethyldicyelohexyle.<br /> <br /> 100<br /> 25<br /> 90 ' •HN<br /> 80 ' 20 —IFr- DMBP<br /> ^<br /> 70 • — • - DMCHB<br /> 0 15<br /> 60 •<br /> DMBCH<br /> B<br /> 50 •<br /> >^ 10<br /> a 40 '<br /> JS<br /> u 30 •<br /> •o-<br /> 20 '<br /> <br /> <br /> 10'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 240 2 10 18 21 24 28 30<br /> Thdi gian, phiit Dp chuyen hoa tdng, %<br /> <br /> <br /> .i<br /> Hinh 1: Do chuyen hda tong cua 4,6-DMDBT Hinh 2: Su- bien thien ciia cac san pham<br /> phan ling theo do chuyen hoa tong<br /> <br /> 3. Phan irng khir lun huynh diezen [13]<br /> Xac dinh bae phan irng tach loai luu huynh.<br /> Nguyen tae: Trong mot thiet bj phan ung kieu piston, phuang trinh ddng hgc cua<br /> phan ling tach loai luu huynh vdi bae n dugc bilu diln nhu sau:<br /> <br /> dt ~ '^-^<br /> Tich phan hai ve va vdi n ?tl, thu dugc:<br /> 104 Hydro khd IUTI huynh sau phan doan djezen^<br /> <br /> <br /> 1<br /> • ("-I)<br /> (1)<br /> («-l) WH<br /> <br /> Vdi:<br /> S= Ham lugng Itm huynh trong san pham (mmol.g'')<br /> So= Ham lugng luu huynh trong nguyen lieu (mmol.g'');<br /> trong trudng hgp nguyen lieu diezen, SQ = 9250ppm<br /> Kapp= Hang sd van tdc bieu kien<br /> VVH= (thi tich chit phan ling/thl tich xiic tac/gid): la tdc do the tich cua phan img<br /> Bing phuong phap doan va thir, bae phan iing cd the dugc xac djnh bang each tinh<br /> hang sd kapp theo bae ma ta gia thiet. Neu hang sd kapp cd gia trj khdng ddi (khdng phu<br /> thudc vao ham lugmg lun huynh) thi bae duge gia thiet la diing. Cd nghia la se tdn tai mot<br /> gia trj ciia n ma khi bieu dien phuang trinh:<br /> <br /> 1 (2)<br /> /(") = '(1-1) c (n-O<br /> («-l)<br /> <br /> <br /> theo 1/VVH se cho mdt dudng thang vdi he sd gde la kgpp cd thii nguyen la (g"'<br /> '.mmol'-".b-').<br /> Phan ling duge tiln hanh d cae dilu kien sau: ap suit: 30 bar, ty le: H2/HC =<br /> 250N1/1, nhiet do: 360°C, VVH thay doi (2, 4, 6 h'").<br /> Bang each gia thilt n ed cac gia trj khae nhau, thiy ring, iing vdi n = 1,8 ta thu dugc<br /> mot dudng thang (Hinh 3) bilu diln su phu thudc cua I/VVH vao ham f(n).<br /> <br /> 0.0016<br /> <br /> 0,0014<br /> <br /> 0,0012<br /> <br /> 0.001<br /> .....<br /> 3X1.0008<br /> > ^ y = 0,0027x + 2E-05<br /> 0,0006<br /> <br /> 0,0004<br /> R^ = 0,9959<br /> 0,0002<br /> <br /> <br /> C 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0.5 0,6<br /> l/WH<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 3: Xac dinh bae phan irng<br /> <br /> Gia trj cua hing sd kapp tinh theo phuong trinh (I) la kha dn djnh (158,33g.mmor'.h'<br /> ) va triing vdi do ddc eua dudng thing thu dugc. Vay gia thilt bae phan iing n = 1,8 la<br /> diing va hing sd van tdc bilu kiln kapp = I58,33g.mmor'.h"'.<br /> Cac thye nghiem tilp theo nhim xac djnh kha nang khu luu huynh nhien lieu diezen<br /> ciia xiic tac CdMP ciia Akzo Nobel. Kit qua dugc trinh bay trong Bang 4.<br /> TuyIn tap bio cio Hpi nghj KHCN "30 nim Dau khi Viet Nam: Cff hpi mdi, thich thde mdi" 105<br /> <br /> Bang 4: Khvt liru huynh sau nhien lieu diezen<br /> Nhiet dp °K Hdm luang luu huynh cudi, (ppm) Dp chuyen hda (%)<br /> 593 1194 87.1<br /> 613 680 92.6<br /> 633 170 98.2<br /> <br /> C> nhiet do 593''K, do chuyen hoa cac hgp chat luu huynh tren xue tac ciia Akzo<br /> Nobel dat 87,1%. Nang nhiet do them 40°K, do ehuyin hoa tang din 98,2% va ham lugng<br /> luu huynh trong nguyen lieu giam xudng chi cdn 170ppm, thip ban nhilu so vdi tieu<br /> chuan Viet Nam quy djnh ham lugng luu huynh trong diezen trong thdi ky dai ban.<br /> <br /> KET LUAN<br /> Tren co sd hai loai xiie tac cdng nghiep, chiing tdi da tien hanh cac phan img khir<br /> luu huynh vdi cae phan tir dai dien (DBT va 4,6 DMDBT). Cac kit qua thu duge cho thiy<br /> kha nang khir cac hgp chat luu huynh phu thudc vao ham lugng kim loai boat tinh cd<br /> trong xiic tac ciing nhu phy thudc vao cac dilu kien thao tac. Chiing tdi ciing da tiln hanh<br /> phan img khir luu huynh tren nhien lieu diezen d cac dilu kien thuc nghiem rit gin vdi<br /> dieu kien thyc te. Trong dilu kien thuc nghiem nay, vdi loai nguyen lieu da cho chiing tdi<br /> xac djnh duge bae cua phan iing la 1,8. Kit qua nay cd y nghTa khoa hgc dac biet vi day la<br /> lan diu tien bae ciia phan iing tach loai luu huynh cua nguyen lieu thyc (nhien lieu diezen)<br /> duge xac djnh. San pham sau qua trinh tach loai luu huynh hoan toan phii hgp vdi tieu<br /> chuan mdi trudng trong thdi ky dai ban ciia Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> 1. Directive N°98-70 (CE) du Parlement europeen et du Conseil du 13 octobre 1998. Off<br /> J. Eur. Comm. L350 (28 decembre 1998), 58.<br /> 2. Directive of the European Pariiament and of the Council, Brussels COM (2001)<br /> 11.05.2001 241 final.<br /> 3. US EPA Clean Air act Tier 2; 1999.<br /> 4. Venner S.F., 2000. Hydrocarbon process. 5 (2000) 51.<br /> 5. Hattiangadi U., Spoor M., Pal SC. Petr Tech Quart 4 (2000) 35.<br /> 6. Miller R.B., Macris A., Gentry A.R., 2001. Petr Tech Quart 2 (2001) 69.<br /> 7. Larive J.F., 2000. Hydrocarbon Engng 4 (2000) 15.<br /> 8. I.V. Babich, J.A. Moulijn, 2003. Fuel, 82 (2003) 607-631.<br /> 9. Ma X., Sakanishi K., Moehida I., 1994. Ind Engng Chem Res 33 (1994) 218.<br /> 10.VasudevanP.T.,Fien-oJ.L.G., 1996. Catal Rew Sci Engng, 38 (1996) 161.<br /> 11. Shafi R., Hutching G.J., 2000. Catal Today, 59 (2000) 423.<br /> 12. Gates B.C., Topsoe H., 1997. Polyhedron, 16 (1997) 3213.<br /> n.Letoumeur D., Bacaud R., Vrinat M., Schweich D., Pitault I., 1998. Ind Eng. Chem<br /> i?e5, 37(7) (1998) 2663.<br />