Interactive effects of temperature and cu on distinct life stages of common tropical copepod across gener

The tropical water environment faces increasing exposure to temperature extremes and contaminants stemming from human activities. Elevated temperatures and pollution levels in rivers and ponds have the potential to induce cumulative impacts on the diversity of aquatic ecosystems. However, the combined effects of these environmental changes on the life cycle of the Eucyclops euacanthus copepod, a bioindicator of aquatic ecosystem remain understudied.