Java Programming for absolute beginner- P16

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Java Programming for absolute beginner- P16:Hello and welcome to Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner. You probably already have a good understanding of how to use your computer. These days it’s hard to find someone who doesn’t, given the importance of computers in today’s world. Learning to control your computer intimately is what will separate you from the pack! By reading this book, you learn how to accomplish just that through the magic of programming.

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JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 258 258 The output for this application is shown in Figure 7.14. Within the itemState- Changed(ItemEvent) method, two string objects are built based on which event Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner occurred. The getStateChange() method determines whether the item was selected or deselected by comparing the returned value to ItemEvent.SELECTED or ItemEvent.DESELECTED. The program then obtains the value of the item depend- ing on what type of component it is. The getItem() method in the ItemEvent class returns an Object object that represents the item that triggered the event. For the Checkbox and the Choice, this works out great because the object returned is a string that can be added to the "Event:" string. For the List, how- ever, I had to use the code: list.getItem(((Integer)e.getItem()).intValue()) FIGURE 7.14 ItemEvents are triggered by Checkboxes, Choices, and Lists. because e.getItem() returns the Integer index of the List item that was either selected or deselected. I had to explicitly cast it to an Integer object and call its intValue() method, which returns an int type value of the Integer object. Then I had to take that int value and pass it into list.getItem(int) so that I could get the String value of the List item. Table 7.8 lists some of the more common Ite- mEvent fields and methods. TA B L E 7 . 8 I TEM E VENT F I E L D S AND METHODS Field or Method Description int DESELECTED Signifies that the ItemEvent occurred because an item was deselected. int SELECTED Signifies that the ItemEvent occurred because an item was selected. int getStateChange() Returns a value, either ItemEvent.DESELECTED or ItemEvent.SELECTED depending on what type of state change is associated with this ItemEvent. Object getItem() Returns an Object that represents the item whose state changed. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 259 259 Handling AdjustmentEvents Chapter 7 The AdjustmentListener interface listens for AdjustmentEvents, which are trig- gered by objects that are adjustable, such as the Scrollbar component. Adjust- mentListener has only one method, adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent), which is invoked when the value of an adjustable object is changed, as you can probably guess from the name of the method. The AdjustmentTest application tests this: Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling /* * AdjustmentTest * Demonstrates the AdjustmentListener Interface on a scroll bar */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class AdjustmentTest extends GUIFrame implements AdjustmentListener { Scrollbar bar; Label minimum, maximum, current; public AdjustmentTest() { super("AdjustmentListener Test"); GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout(); GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints(); int min = 0, max = 100, curr = 50; setLayout(gridbag); minimum = new Label(String.valueOf(min), Label.RIGHT); gridbag.setConstraints(minimum, constraints); add(minimum); bar = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL, curr, 1, min, max + 1); constraints.ipadx = 200; gridbag.setConstraints(bar, constraints); bar.addAdjustmentListener(this); add(bar); maximum = new Label(String.valueOf(max)); constraints.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; constraints.ipadx = 0; gridbag.setConstraints(maximum, constraints); add(maximum); current = new Label(String.valueOf(curr), Label.CENTER); gridbag.setConstraints(current, constraints); add(current); setSize(300, 150); setVisible(true); } TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 260 260 public static void main(String args[]) { new AdjustmentTest(); Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner } public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e) { current.setText(String.valueOf(e.getValue())); } } This application is fairly straightforward. It creates a Scrollbar and some Labels that represent the Scrollbar’s minimum, maximum, and current values. The adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent) method updates the current value of the Scrollbar by calling e.getValue(). You can see the output in Figure 7.15. Table 7.9 shows some useful fields and methods of the AdjustmentEvent class. FIGURE 7.15 You use the Adjustment- Listener interface to determine when a Scrollbar value is being changed. TA B L E 7 . 9 A DJUSTMENT E VENT F I E L D S AND METHODS Field or Method Description int BLOCK_DECREMENT Block decrement adjustment type. int BLOCK_INCREMENT Block increment adjustment type. int TRACK Absolute tracking adjustment type. int UNIT_DECREMENT Unit decrement adjustment type. int UNIT_INCREMENT Unit increment adjustment type. int getAdjustmentType() Returns the int representation of the adjustment type. int getValue() Returns the int current value of the adjustable object. Handling TextEvents TextEvents are generated by high-level objects such as text components. The TextComponent class has the addTextListener(TextListener) method, and both TextField and TextArea are subclasses of TextComponent. The TextListener inter- face has only one method, textValueChanged(TextEvent). This method is TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 261 261 invoked any time the value of the text is changed, such as when text is added or deleted. The TextTest application implements the TextListener interface to Chapter 7 copy what you are typing into a TextField. Here is the source code for TextTest.java: /* * TextTest * Demonstrates the TextListener interface Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class TextTest extends GUIFrame implements TextListener { TextField text; TextField copyCat; public TextTest() { super("TextListener Test"); GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout(); GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints(); setLayout(gridbag); constraints.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; text = new TextField(25); gridbag.setConstraints(text, constraints); text.addTextListener(this); add(text); copyCat = new TextField(25); copyCat.setEnabled(false); gridbag.setConstraints(copyCat, constraints); add(copyCat); setSize(300, 150); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new TextTest(); } public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e) { copyCat.setText(text.getText()); } } This application simply creates two TextField objects, text and copyCat. text is the TextField that the user will be typing into. copyCat is a disabled TextField that will mimic the value of text each time its text value changes. You can see the TextListenerTest application in Figure 7.16. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 262 262 FIGURE 7.16 Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner This application copies your text as you write it and displays it below. Handling MouseEvents Your computer’s mouse triggers MouseEvents. There are two types of mouse events. There are mouse motion events that are triggered by moving your mouse and regular mouse events that are triggered by clicking your mouse buttons or by moving your mouse into or out of a listener’s area. These two types of events have two listener classes: MouseListener, which listens for mouse button trig- gered events and entry and exit events, and MouseMotionListener, which listens for the motion (change in pointer location) of your mouse and also dragging (mouse moved while button is down) events. CK MouseInputListener of the javax.swing.event package, which is TRI not covered in this book, is a subinterface of both MouseListener and MouseMotionListener, so you can implement MouseInputListener and add it using addMouseListener(MouseListener) or addMouseMotionListener(MouseMotionListener), or both, to listen to any of these types of MouseEvents. The MouseTest application implements both MouseListener and MouseMotion- Listener interfaces to capture MouseEvents. Here is the source code for MouseTest.java: /* * MouseTest * Demonstrates the MouseListener and MouseMotionListener interfaces */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class MouseTest extends GUIFrame implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener { Canvas canvas; Label location, event; public MouseTest() { super("Mouse Event Test"); canvas = new Canvas(); canvas.setBackground(Color.white); canvas.setSize(450, 450); TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 263 263 canvas.addMouseListener(this); canvas.addMouseMotionListener(this); Chapter 7 add(canvas, BorderLayout.CENTER); Panel infoPanel = new Panel(); infoPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 2, 10, 0)); location = new Label("Location:"); infoPanel.add(location); event = new Label("Event:"); Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling infoPanel.add(event); add(infoPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); pack(); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new MouseTest(); } //The five MouseListener methods... public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me) { String text = "Event: Clicked Button "; switch(me.getModifiers()) { case (InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK): text += "1"; break; case (InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK): text += "2"; break; case (InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK): text += "3"; break; default: text += "?"; } text += " (" + me.getClickCount() + "x)"; event.setText(text); } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me) { event.setText("Event: Entered"); } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent me) { event.setText("Event: Exited"); } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) { event.setText("Event: Pressed"); } TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 264 264 public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) { event.setText("Event: Released"); Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner } //The two MouseMotionListener methods... public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent me) { Point p = me.getPoint(); location.setText("Location: (" + p.x + ", " + p.y + ")"); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me) { Point p = me.getPoint(); event.setText("Event: Dragged"); location.setText("Location: (" + p.x + ", " + p.y + ")"); } } The MouseTest object adds itself as a MouseListener and a MouseMotionListener to the Canvas, canvas. It overrides the listener methods to display on-screen the cur- rent location of the mouse cursor as well as the current event. MouseEvent meth- ods are summarized in Table 7.10, and MouseListener and MouseMotionListener methods are summarized in Table 7.11. I overrode the MouseListener methods as follows: The mouseClicked(MouseEvent) method updates the event Label as to which button was clicked by testing the value returned by getModifiers() against the static variables InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK, and InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK. This method also counts the clicks for the events. A double-click, for example, will show up as (2x). This number is obtained by getting the getClickCount() method of the MouseEvent class, which returns an int value of the number of times the mouse button was successively clicked. The mouseEn- tered(MouseEvent), mouseExited(MouseEvent), mousePressed(MouseEvent), and mouseReleased(MouseEvent) methods just update the event Label, indicating which event occurred. TA B L E 7 . 1 0 M OUSE E VENT M E T H O D S Method Description int getClickCount() Returns the number of successive mouse clicks. Point getPoint() Returns a Point that represents the cursor location relative to the source component. int getX() Returns the horizontal portion of the location point. int getY() Returns the vertical portion of the location point. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 265 265 T A B L E 7 . 1 1 M OUSE L ISTENER A N D Chapter 7 M OUSE M OTION L ISTENER M E T H O D S Method Listener Description void mouseClicked(MouseEvent) MouseListener Invoked when a mouse clicks (is pressed, and then released) on a component. Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling void mouseEntered(MouseEvent) MouseListener Invoked when the mouse cursor enters the source component’s area. void mouseExited(MouseEvent) MouseListener Invoked when the mouse cursor exits the source component’s area. void mousePressed(MouseEvent) MouseListener Invoked when the mouse button is pressed down. void mouseReleased(MouseEvent) MouseListener Invoked when the mouse button is released. void mouseMoved(MouseEvent) MouseMotionListener Invoked when the mouse moves while within a component’s area. void mouseDragged(MouseEvent) MouseMotionListener Invoked when the mouse moves while the mouse button is down while within a component’s area. I updated the MouseMotionListener method mouseMoved(MouseEvent) to update the current location of the mouse cursor, and the mouseDragged(MouseEvent) method to update the current event to indicate the mouse is being dragged and also to update the current location of the mouse cursor. Figure 7.17 shows the output where I double-clicked mouse button 1 at location (277, 151). The location returned by getLocation() is a Point object. The Point class maintains two pub- lic variables x and y, which represent a point. There are some methods associated with the class, but basically, for your purposes, it’s just that simple. Handling KeyEvents KeyEvents are triggered by keyboard actions performed by the users. The KeyLis- tener interface defines three methods, shown in Table 7.12. The addKeyLis- tener(KeyListener) method is defined in the Component class, so all components can process KeyEvents. The KeyEvent class has an insane number of static integers that represent each of the possible keys of different types of keyboards. There are TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 266 266 Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner FIGURE 7.17 Listening to MouseEvents allows you to know what the user is doing with the mouse. TA B L E 7 . 1 2 K EY L ISTENER M E T H O D S Method Description void keyPressed(KeyEvent) Invoked when a key is pressed down. void keyReleased(KeyEvent) Invoked when a key is released. void keyTyped(KeyEvent) Invoked when a key is typed. too many to list here. Refer to the JDK 1.3 documentation of the KeyEvent class for a full list. Basically, these constants start with the letters VK (which stand for virtual key codes) followed by an underscore and a string representation of the key. For instance, the keyboard keys are represented by the constants KeyEvent.VK_A through KeyEvent.VK_Z, and the arrow keys are KeyEvent.VK_UP, KeyEvent.VK_DOWN, KeyEvent.VK_LEFT, and KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT. The more impor- tant KeyEvent methods are listed in Table 7.13. HIN T The keyTyped(KeyEvent) method is only invoked by keys that generate valid characters, such as alpha characters and numerical characters. Even the Esc key generates a valid character. Experiment with the KeyTest application and see which keys do and do not update the “Last Typed:” field. Another thing to note is that holding a key down can sometimes generate multiple key typed events without ever generating a key release event if a keyboard is enabled with auto-repeat. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 267 267 TA B L E 7 . 1 3 K EY E VENT M E T H O D S Chapter 7 Method Description char getKeyChar() Returns the character associated with the key. int getKeyCode() Returns an integer representation of the key. String getKeyModifiersText(int) Returns a String representation of the modifier keys Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling such as Ctrl based on the given integer representation of the modifiers. String getKeyText(int) Returns a String representation of a key based on the given key code. The KeyTest application tests the handling of KeyEvents. Basically, it adds a KeyListener, which is itself, to a TextArea, textArea, and updates three labels with either pressed, released, or typed events. It gets the text representation of the key by first calling the getKeyCode() method of the KeyEvent class and pass- ing it into the getKeyText(int) method. In the keyPressed(KeyEvent) method, the lastPressed variable is displayed when the keyTyped(KeyEvent) method is called. This is done in the keyPressed(KeyEvent) method instead of in the key- Typed(KeyEvent) method because key typed events always return VK_UNDEFINED when getKeyCode() is called. Here is the source listing of KeyTest.java. Sample output is shown in Figure 7.18. /* * KeyTest * Demonstrates handling key events */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class KeyTest extends GUIFrame implements KeyListener { TextArea textArea; Label pressed, released, typed; String lastPressedText; public KeyTest() { super("KeyListener Test"); textArea = new TextArea(10, 30); textArea.addKeyListener(this); add(textArea, BorderLayout.CENTER); Panel infoPanel = new Panel(); infoPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 0, 0, 10)); pressed = new Label("Last Pressed: "); TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 268 268 infoPanel.add(pressed); released = new Label("Last Released: "); Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner infoPanel.add(released); typed = new Label("Last Typed: "); infoPanel.add(typed); add(infoPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); pack(); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new KeyTest(); } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { lastPressedText = e.getKeyModifiersText(e.getModifiers()) + " " + KeyEvent.getKeyText(e.getKeyCode()); pressed.setText("Last Pressed: " + KeyEvent.getKeyText(e.getKeyCode())); } public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { released.setText("Last Released: " + KeyEvent.getKeyText(e.getKeyCode())); } public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { typed.setText("Last Typed: " + lastPressedText); } } FIGURE 7.18 Implementing the KeyListener interface lets you know when the users are using the keyboard. Getting Back to the AdvancedMadLib Application The AdvancedMadLib application uses much of what you have learned in this chapter. It uses layout managers to lay out its components, including a CardLay- out. It also uses event handling to cause events for buttons that are pressed, or selections made from a Choice menu. Let’s get ready to rumble! TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 269 269 Creating the MadInputPanel Class Chapter 7 The MadInputPanel class is responsible for all user text input. It has three Panels, which are laid out by the CardLayout layout manager. Each Panel gets its own type of input. One is for obtaining nouns, one is for obtaining verbs, and the last one is for obtaining all other types of words. Each card has its own array of TextFields: nFields for nouns, vFields for verbs, and oFields for other fields. Each card lays out its components using a GridBagLayout manager. This process Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling is facilitated by the private method addComponent(Panel, Component); it is basi- cally there to reduce the number of lines in the source code and keep it from get- ting too confusing. It sets the GridBagConstraints to the passed in component and then adds the component to the passed in Panel. It also has two public meth- ods that traverse through the cards, called previous() and next(). Another method, show(String), shows a specific card based on its String name—Nouns, Verbs, or Other. Similar to the MadDialog class from the previous chapter, the MadInputPanel class has a String[] getStringArray() method that returns the values of its TextFields in the order that they should be inserted into the story. It also implements it in a similar way. It creates a Vector, copies it into an array of Strings, and returns it to the caller. The source listing for MadInputPanel.java is as follows: /* * MadInputPanel * The AdvancedMadLib game's input panel. * All input is accepted here */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.Vector; public class MadInputPanel extends Panel { protected GridBagLayout gridbag; protected GridBagConstraints constraints; protected CardLayout cards; protected Panel nouns, verbs, others; protected TextField[] nFields, vFields, oFields; public MadInputPanel() { super(); gridbag = new GridBagLayout(); constraints = new GridBagConstraints(); constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST; cards = new CardLayout(); setLayout(cards); TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 270 270 //Nouns nouns = new Panel(); Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner nouns.setLayout(gridbag); addComponent(nouns, new Label("Enter some nouns:")); nFields = new TextField[8]; //put all noun fields in the second column constraints.gridx = 1; constraints.gridy = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; for (int n=0; n < nFields.length; n++) { nFields[n] = new TextField(20); addComponent(nouns, nFields[n]); } add("Nouns", nouns); //Verbs verbs = new Panel(); verbs.setLayout(gridbag); constraints.gridx = constraints.gridy = 0; addComponent(verbs, new Label("Enter some verbs:")); vFields = new TextField[8]; //put all verb Fields in the second column constraints.gridx = 1; constraints.gridy = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; for (int v=0; v < vFields.length; v++) { vFields[v] = new TextField(20); addComponent(verbs, vFields[v]); } //add other field descriptions. constraints.gridx = 2; constraints.gridy = 4; addComponent(verbs, new Label("(ends with \"ing\")")); constraints.gridy = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; addComponent(verbs, new Label("(ends with \"ing\")")); addComponent(verbs, new Label("(past tense)")); addComponent(verbs, new Label("(present tense)")); add("Verbs", verbs); //Other Fields others = new Panel(); others.setLayout(gridbag); constraints.gridx = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; constraints.gridy = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; addComponent(others, new Label("Enter affectionate nicknames:")); oFields = new TextField[7]; //create Other text fields, but don't lay them out yet for (int o=0; o < oFields.length; o++) { oFields[o] = new TextField(20); } addComponent(others, oFields[0]); constraints.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; addComponent(others, oFields[1]); constraints.gridwidth = 1; TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 271 271 addComponent(others, new Label("Enter adjectives:")); addComponent(others, oFields[2]); Chapter 7 constraints.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; addComponent(others, oFields[3]); constraints.gridwidth = 1; addComponent(others, new Label("Enter a preposition:")); constraints.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; addComponent(others, oFields[4]); constraints.gridwidth = 1; Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling addComponent(others, new Label("Enter a body part:")); constraints.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; addComponent(others, oFields[5]); constraints.gridwidth = 1; addComponent(others, new Label("Enter a location:")); addComponent(others, oFields[6]); add("Other", others); } private void addComponent(Panel p, Component c) { gridbag.setConstraints(c, constraints); p.add(c); } public void previous() { cards.previous(this); } public void next() { cards.next(this); } public void show(String panel) { cards.show(this, panel); } public String[] getStringArray() { String[] s; Vector v = new Vector(); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(oFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[1].getText()); v.add(oFields[2].getText()); v.add(nFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(oFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[2].getText()); v.add(oFields[5].getText()); v.add(vFields[4].getText()); v.add(vFields[4].getText()); v.add(oFields[6].getText()); v.add(vFields[3].getText()); v.add(oFields[1].getText()); v.add(nFields[1].getText()); v.add(oFields[3].getText()); v.add(nFields[2].getText()); v.add(vFields[3].getText()); v.add(oFields[1].getText()); v.add(vFields[6].getText()); v.add(vFields[5].getText()); v.add(vFields[3].getText()); v.add(oFields[1].getText()); TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 272 272 v.add(oFields[4].getText()); v.add(nFields[3].getText()); v.add(vFields[3].getText()); v.add(oFields[1].getText()); Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner v.add(nFields[4].getText()); v.add(nFields[5].getText()); v.add(vFields[3].getText()); v.add(oFields[1].getText()); v.add(nFields[6].getText()); v.add(vFields[7].getText()); v.add(nFields[7].getText()); v.add(vFields[3].getText()); v.add(oFields[1].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(oFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[1].getText()); v.add(oFields[2].getText()); v.add(nFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[0].getText()); v.add(oFields[0].getText()); v.add(vFields[2].getText()); v.add(oFields[5].getText()); v.add(vFields[4].getText()); v.add(vFields[4].getText()); v.add(oFields[6].getText()); s = new String[v.size()]; v.copyInto(s); return s; } } Creating the AdvancedMadLib Application The AdvancedMadLib application is the heart of this game. It extends GUIFrame and uses the default layout manager, BorderLayout. It creates a MadInputPanel object, inputPanel, and adds it at BorderLayout.CENTER. It also creates a Panel, navPanel, which it adds the prev, next, and showStory buttons to. It also adds a Choice called inputChoice. To the prev Button, an ActionListener is added so that when it is clicked, the previous card of inputPanel is displayed. Oppositely, to the next Button, an ActionListener is added so that when it is clicked the next card is shown by calling its next() method. The inputChoice menu is set up with items that represent the names of inputPanel’s cards. An ItemListener is added to it so that when an Item is chosen, the corresponding card is shown by calling: inputPanel.show((String)e.getItem()); The showStory button calls up the Dialog, storyDialog. Before calling up the storyDialog window, the private createStory() method builds the story using an array of String segments that represent the segments of the story. It merges these segments with the segments returned by the getStringArray() method of the MadInputPanel class. Once the story is displayed, you can change the values of the text and redisplay the story as many times as you want. Here is the source listing for AdvancedMadLib.java: TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 273 273 /* * AdvancedMadLib Chapter 7 * A MadLib Application that demonstrates layout managers and events */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class AdvancedMadLib extends GUIFrame { Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling Panel navPanel; MadInputPanel inputPanel; Button prev, next, showStory; Choice inputChoice; Dialog storyDialog; TextArea story; public AdvancedMadLib() { super("Create your own Song"); //Card Panel (contains other panels in a CardLayout) inputPanel = new MadInputPanel(); add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); //Navigation Panel navPanel = new Panel(); navPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 4, 10, 0)); prev = new Button(""); next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { inputPanel.next(); } }); navPanel.add(next); showStory = new Button("Show/Refresh Story"); TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 274 274 showStory.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Java Programming for the Absolute Beginner createStory(); storyDialog.setVisible(true); } }); navPanel.add(showStory); add(navPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); storyDialog = new Dialog(this, "Your Song"); storyDialog.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { storyDialog.setVisible(false); } }); story = new TextArea("", 27, 50); story.setEditable(false); storyDialog.add(story); storyDialog.pack(); pack(); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new AdvancedMadLib(); } private void createStory() { String song = ""; String[] segs = {", ", ", ", " my ", "\nDon't ", " a ", " ", "\n", ", ", ", ", " my ", "\nJust ", " your pretty ", "\nI'll be ", " you again \nI'll be ", " you in ", "\n\nDon't ", " to me oh ", "\nYour ", "'s in a ", " ", ", yeah \nDon't ", " to me oh ", "\nShould have ", " it a-", " on\nDon't ", " to me oh ", "\nI don't know it was ", " your ", "\nDon't ", " to me oh ", "\nDead-end ", " for a dead-end ", "\nDon't ", " to me oh ", "\nNow your ", " ", " on the ", "\nDon't ", " to me oh ", "\n\n", ", ", ", ", " my ", "\nDon't ", " a ", " ", "\n", ", ", ", ", " my ", "\nJust ", " your pretty ", "\nI'll be ", " you again \nI'll be ", " you in "}; String[] s = inputPanel.getStringArray(); for (int i = 0; i < segs.length; i++) { song += s[i] + segs[i]; } TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
JavaProgAbsBeg-07.qxd 2/25/03 8:53 AM Page 275 275 song += s[s.length - 1]; Chapter 7 story.setText(song); } } Summary Advanced GUI: Layout Managers and Event Handling In this chapter, you learned all about layout managers, including FlowLayout, GridLayout, BorderLayout, GridBagLayout, and CardLayout. You also learned how to handle GUI events using the java.awt.event package. You can now handle ActionEvents, WindowEvents, FocusEvents, ItemEvents, AdjustmentEvents, Tex- tEvents, MouseEvents, and KeyEvents. In the next chapter, you learn all about applets. CHALLENGES 1. Create a Frame that does not close normally by using the windowClosing(WindowEvent) method, but instead, closes when you click a Button labeled Close. 2. Create an application that has multiple Buttons with different labels for each of them. When any one of those Buttons is clicked, a TextField is updated with the text of that one Button. Also include a TextArea that appends the text displayed in the TextField to its text by listening for TextEvents. The end result will be that the TextArea will contain an audit trail of all of the button clicks, in the order they were clicked. The TextField displays the most recently clicked button. Lay out these components as you desire, but use a GridBagLayout manager. 3. Create a numerical keypad that uses Buttons to update an uneditable TextField by appending the clicked number to the end of its current num- ber. Use a BorderLayout for the Frame. At BorderLayout.NORTH, place the TextField. In the center, create a panel that uses a GridLayout to lay out But- tons 1 through 9 in a three by three grid. At BorderLayout.SOUTH, create another Panel that has the zero key and also a “clear” key that deletes the current number in the TextField. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
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JavaProgAbsBeg-08.qxd 2/25/03 8:54 AM Page 277 8 C H A P T E R Writing Applets With the Internet as widely used as it is today, one of the more exciting features of Java is its use as a tool for Internet development. You can embed Java right into a Web docu- ment by writing an applet and adding some HTML to include that applet. In this chapter, you learn all about applets—how to create them, how to write the HTML to make use of them, and all about security restrictions and other differences between applets and applications. This chapter covers the following topics: • Understand applet basics • Learn the difference between applets and applications • Use the Applet class • Include an applet in an HTML Web page • Write programs that can run as either an applet or an application • Display images and play sounds TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.