Liquid Chromatography 1

● Adsorption chromatography • The stationary phase is an adsorbent (like silica gel or any other silica-based packing) • The separation is based on repeated adsorption-desorption steps. ● Normal-phase chromatography • The stationary bed is strongly polar in nature (e.g., silica gel), and the mobile phase is nonpolar (such as n-hexane or tetrahydrofuran). • Polar samples are retained on the polar surface of the column packing longer than less polar materials.