Mechanical-microstructural characteristics of concrete containing high volumes of coal bottom ash

This paper aims to study the effect of coal bottom ash (CBA) as a fine aggregate substitution at high levels on the mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of concrete. CBA that sourced from a local coal-fired power plant in Vietnam was used to replace the natural sand (NS) in the concrete mixtures at different levels of 0, 30, 50, 70, and 100%.