Một số kết quả nghiên cứu về cây Hoàng Lan (Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook.f & Thomson) trồng ở huyện Giồng Trôm, tỉnh Bến Tre

HQI NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI V A TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT UkN THLf BA<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> MOT SO KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VE CAY HOANG LAN<br /> {CANANGA ODORATA (Lamk.) Hook. f. & Thomson)<br /> TRONG Of HUYEN GIONG TROM, TINH BEN TRE<br /> PHAM VAN NGQT, QUACH VAN TOAN EM,<br /> TRAN CONG DANH<br /> Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm, Dgi hpc Quoc gia Tp. Ho Chi Minh<br /> <br /> Loai Hoing lan (Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook.f. & Thomson) thugc hg Na (Annonaceae)<br /> da dugc trdng tap trang quy md sin xuat hang hda d nhieu nude nhu Philippin, quin dao<br /> Comoros, Reunion, Inddnexia, tinh Quang Ddng - Trung Qudc, dio Madagascar... Loai nay<br /> dugc trdng khi nhieu d chung quanh nha dan, d cdng vien rai ric tren khip dit nude ta nhung<br /> chi de lam cinh. Cdng trinh nay nghien ciru mdt sd dieu kifn sinh thii thich hgp cho sy sinh<br /> tracing va phit frien cua ciy Hoing Ian frdng d huyfn Gidng Trdm, tinh Ben Tre, lam co sd cho<br /> vifc de xuat frdng dai tra de lay tinh diu.<br /> <br /> I. PHUOTNIG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ<br /> 1. Dja diem nghien ciru<br /> Ciy Hoang lan dugc trong d xa Chau Hda, huyen Gidng Trdm thudc tinh Ben Tre. Dja diem<br /> nghien ciiu nam trong vimg khi hau nhift ddi can xich dao cd nhiet dg trang binh hing nim tir<br /> 26 - 27°C; lucmg mua trung binh hang nam tu 1.250-1.500mm. Trong nim cd 2 miiaro rft, miia<br /> mua tir thing 5 den thing 11; miia khd tir thing 11 den thing 4 nim sau.<br /> 2. Phuo'ng phap nghien ciru<br /> - Thu hii cic qui Hoang lan chin tir nhtrng cay<br /> trdng d chung quanh cic nha din d huyen Gidng — 'MiWas uJ*c<br /> <br /> Trdm, tinh Ben Tre. Sau do bdc vd qua v i thu liy<br /> nhirng hat chac. Cic hat dugc phoi ngoai nang 3<br /> ngiy. Gieo uom hat Hoang lan vao thing 12 nam<br /> c&r cliii*!<br /> 2006 trong tiii bau 10 x 15cm, din khi ciy cd 8-10<br /> li dem trdng xen vdi Chudi (cay cao khoang lm)<br /> vio thing 3 nim 2007 theo so dd hmh 1.<br /> ^ - Tien hinh ngit nggn cay d vj tri 2m tinh tir mat<br /> dit v i chat bd Chuoi khi cay Hoang lan cao hom<br /> 2m. Cd 3 Id thi nghifm: Id 1 khdng tia thua Hoang<br /> lan (mat do 2 x 2m), Id 2 tia thua dl cd mat do 2 x<br /> 4m, Id 3 tia thua dl cd mat dg 4 x 4m.<br /> Hinh 7: So do bo tri thi nghifm<br /> - Moi Id thi nghiem theo ddi 30 cay. Cac Id thi trong cay Hoang lan xen voi Chuoi<br /> nghiem dugc bdn phan, tudi nude va chim sdc nhu<br /> nhau.<br /> <br /> - Do chieu cao cay va dudng kinh than cay (d vj tri 2 Ii diu tien).<br /> - Su dung miy ANNA Fll de do cudng dg anh sing d mdi Id thi nghifm. Diing miy Testo<br /> 635 de do do am va nhiet do khdng khi.<br /> - Cac sd lieu dugc xir ly thdng ke vdi phin mim Excel 2003.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1030<br />  HOI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L \ N THU BA<br /> <br /> II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN<br /> <br /> 1. Mgt so dac diem sinh thai is noi trong cay Hoang lan<br /> - Thinh phin Ii hoi dit: Dit d noi trong Hoing lan cd ti If set cao tu 47-49%, ti If thjt 41-<br /> 43%, hoi chua d cac tang 0-80 cm, thinh phan dinh dudng trang binh. Vio miia mua dit im<br /> ircit, d dg siu 40cm cd nude. Vao miia khd dit ting 0-20 cm hoi khd, cic ting tir 20-60 cm dit<br /> im udt va d do sau 60 cm cd nude (bing 1).<br /> Bdng 1<br /> Thanh phan co gidi va hoa hgc ciia dat trong cay Hoang lan<br /> Thanh phan<br /> CHC De tieu (mg/kg) Tong so (%)<br /> Loai dat CO gioi ( % ) CH 0 )<br /> Cat Thit Set 2 (%)<br /> N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O<br /> 0-20 cm 10 42 48 4.9 2,40 26 20 226 0,136 0,092 0,923<br /> 20-40 cm 11 42 47 4,9 1,66 22 4,9 160 0,113 0,072 1,06<br /> 40-60 cm 10 43 47 5,3 1,64 19 4,3 154 0,115 0,065 1,02<br /> 60-80 cm 10 41 49 5,4 1,89 26 9,2 130 0,117 0,061 0,988<br /> (Ket qua phan tich ciia Vifn KHKT Nong nghifp mien Nam - 8/2006)<br /> - Anh sang: Cudng dg anh sang d noi trdng Hoing lan xen vdi Chudi va bj Chudi che bdng<br /> chi cdn tir 5.900-7.400 lux so vdi noi khdng che tir 19.000- 42.000 lux.<br /> - Nhift dg va dg am khdng khi noi trdng ciy Hoing Ian: Nhift dg khdng khi bien ddi khdng<br /> nhilu. Nhift dg dao dgng tir 26°C den 28,5°C. Do am khdng khi tai cic Id thi nghifm dao ddng<br /> tir76%-87%.<br /> - Sy phit trien hf re cua cay Hoang lan va Chuoi: Song trong dieu kifn myc nude ngam chi<br /> each mit dit tir 50 den 60cm nen hf re ciia Hoing Ian khdng the phit trien siu dugc. Re chinh<br /> ciia Hoang lan chi dii khoing 60cm, cdn cic re ben phit trien manh, dii den tren lm de giup<br /> cajidimg viimg tren nen dat, hut nude va muoi khoang. Cay Hoang Ian trdng xen vdi Chudi thi<br /> hf re ciia Chudi vi hf rl ciia Hoing Ian dan xen nhau de canh tranh ve chit dinh dudng. Rd ring<br /> khi trong Hoang Ian xen vdi Chudi thi cd sy canh tranh giira 2 loii niy ve khdng gian sdng, ve<br /> ngudn dinh dudng va ve inh sing (hinh 2).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> . R i hoAng lan<br /> <br /> <br /> Re chuOTi<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 2: Hf re cua cay Hoing lan<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1031<br />  HOI NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N Q U 6 C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THU BA<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Sy phat trien cQa Chuoi<br /> Sau khoing 8 thing trong thi 90% so cay Chuoi trd buong. Den khi tiln hanh ngit ngpn<br /> Hoang lan ta cd thi thu hoach cac budng Chudi chin.<br /> 3. Sy sinh trudng cua cay Hoang lan<br /> - Ti If sdng cua cay Hoang lan: Cay Hoang lan frong d 3 Id thi nghiem cd ti If song 100%<br /> qua 2 nam trdng v i khdng bj sau bfnh. Chi cd mdt sd ciy bi bg dira in li non.<br /> - Sy tang tradng dudng kinh than cay va chieu cao cay: Mdt sd ket qua ve sinh tmdng ve<br /> dudng kinh than cay va chilu cao cay Hoing Ian dugc trinh bay d bang 2.<br /> Nhan xet:<br /> - Sau 1 nam trong xen vdi Chuoi, cac cay Hoing lan d 3 Id thi nghifm dat chieu cao cay<br /> trung binh tir 2I7,80cm-222,30cm va dudng kinh than cay trung binh tir 4,65-4,71cm. Sy sai<br /> khic vl chilu cao cay va dudng kinh than cay trang binh d 3 Id thi nghiem Ii khdng cd y nghia.<br /> Luc niy cay Hoing lan frdng d 3 Id chua khep tin, cay cd dudng kinh tan trung binh 0,8-0,9m.<br /> - Khi trong Hoing Ian xen Chudi vdi mat dg 2m x 2m do Chudi sinh trudng nhanh nen sau<br /> 7-8 thing trdng, cic cay Chuoi cao 3-4m, tin Ii phit frien da che ngudn sang den cay Hoang lan<br /> (cudng dg sang chi cdn 5.900-7.400 lux). Cay Hoang lan sinh tradng manh ve chieu cao de<br /> vuon len giinh liy inh sang vi thi cay trd nen yeu dt.<br /> - Cay Hoang lan cd dudng kinh than trang bmh dat tir 8,99-9,22cm vao thing 5/2009. d 16 1<br /> cay Hoang Ian cd dudng kinh than cay kem hem d Id 2 va Id 3. Dudng kinh than ciy Hoang lan<br /> d Id 2 va Id 3 khac nhau khdng cd y nghia. Trdng Hoang lan mat dg 2 x 2m da lam cho cay sinh<br /> trudng ve duomg kinh than kem hon mat dg 2 x 4m va 4 x 4m nhung khdng nhieu bdi vi cay con<br /> nhd, chi mdi khep tin vao thing 03-2009.<br /> ' Bdng 2<br /> Chieu cao cay (cm) va dirdng kinh than (cm) cay Hoang lan<br /> Lo 1 (2m X 2m) Lo 2 (2m X 4m) Lo 3 (4m X 4m)<br /> Thing<br /> Duong kinh Chieu cao cay Dirdng kinh Chieu cao cay Duongkmh Chieu cao<br /> theo doi<br /> than (cm) (cm) than (cm) (cm) than (an) cay (cm)<br /> 3 - 2007 0,41 ±0,09 9,87 ± 1,35 0,37 ± 0,07 9,49 ±1,22 0,40 ± 0,08 9,56 ±1,16<br /> 5 - 2007 0,62 ±0,14 16,26 ±2,35 0,58 ±0,12 16,08 ±2,68 0,63 ±0,13 16,30 ±2,75<br /> 7 - 2007 0,86 ±0,18 44,50 ±3,57 0,91 ±0,15 43,72 ± 3,60 0,90 ±0,16 45,64 ± 3,78<br /> 9 - 2007 1,18 ±0,20 65,82 ±5,80 1,30 ±0,24 64,56 ± 5,45 1,32 ±0,22 67,24 ± 4,65<br /> 11- 2007 2,54 ± 0,25 120,54 ±6,05 2,72 ± 0,26 118,80 ± 6,54 2,68 ± 0,28 117,55 ±6,38<br /> 1 - 2008 3,86 ±0,18 178,43 ±7,46 4,13 ±0,31 .176,26 ± 7,8a 4,09 ± 0,20 179,38 ±7,37<br /> 3 - 201)8 4,65 ± 0,32 220,43 ± 10,36 4,71 ±0,34. 222,30 ± 8,58 4,67 ±0,18 217,80±8,90_<br /> 5 - 2008 5,41 ±0,28 202,90 ±1,08 5,45 ± 0,37 203,63 ± 0,84 5,38 ± 0,25 203,17 ±0,90<br /> 7 - 2008 6,25 ± 0,25 203,68 ±1,24 6,24 ± 0,32 •"203,92 ±1,32 6,30 ±0,28 203,85 ±1,26_<br /> 9 - 2008 7,16 ±0,30 204,50 ± 1,15 7,30 ± 0,40 ~204,25±1,10 7,22 ±0,31 204,28 ±1^<br /> 11-2008 7,72 ± 0,32 204,65 ± 1,26 7,91 ±0,36 204,27 ±1,13 7,88 ± 0,28 204,28 ±221<br /> 1 - 2009 8,35 ±0,25 204,80 ±1,18 8,57 ±0,28 204,50 ±1,14_ 8,54 ± 0,25 204,28 ± J ^<br /> 3 - 2009 8,66 ± 0,28 204,81 ± 1,05 8,91 ±0,35 204,52 ±1,02 8,95 ± 0,24 2M^y2±^<br /> 5 - 2009 8,99 ± 0,37 204,81 ± 1,08 9,06 ± 0,42 204,52 ±1,12 9,22 ± 0,27 204,32 ±_M2_<br /> Ghi chu: thing 3 nim 2008 chit bd Chuoi, ngit nggn d vi tri 2m va tia thua d Id 2 va Id 3.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1032<br />  HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT LAN THU BA<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />