Một vài nét về những giá trị bản sắc văn hóa Châu Âu

LICH S i ; - VAN HOA - XA HOI CHAU AU<br /> <br /> /<br /> <br /> MOT Vfll N6T V€ NH&NG Gifl TRj BAN SflC VAN HOfl CHflU flU<br /> Ths. Vu Thanh Ha<br /> Vien Nghien cim Chau Au<br /> Tdm tat: Bdn sdc vdn hda chdu Au cSng nhu nhirng vdn de lien quan din bdn sdc chdu<br /> Au hiin khdng chi dugc gi&i hgc gid quan tdm md cdc nhd lanh dgo cUa Lien minh Chdu Au<br /> cQng nhu lanh dgo nhieu nu&c tren thi gi&i cUng dgc bi?t chu y. Bdi viet ndy dua ra nhirng ca<br /> s& ly ludn chung ve bdn sdc vdn hda chdu Au, phdn tich mgt vdi net ca bdn vi nhirng gid tr\<br /> cua bdn sdc vdn hda chdu Au vd tir do dua ra nhirng bdi hgc kinh nghiem md cdc nu&c Hi?p<br /> hgi cdc qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) cd thi hgc tgp.<br /> Tir khda: bdn sdc, vdn hda, da dgng. chdu Au. ASEAN, EU.<br /> Q u a trinh hinh thanh va phat trien ciia<br /> <br /> giii gin tinh da dgng cua cac nen van hda<br /> <br /> Lifin minh Chau Au la mgt tien trinh hgi<br /> <br /> chau Au trong khi vdn hinh thanh mgt nfin<br /> <br /> nh|.p khu vgc bat dau tir kinh tfi, chinh tii rdi<br /> <br /> van hoa chung chau Au vd md rfng phgm vi<br /> <br /> den van hda - xa hgi. Di qua chang dudng<br /> <br /> anh hudng cua van hda chau Au ra cac quflc<br /> <br /> phat trifin ban mia the ky qua. Lien minh<br /> <br /> gia vd khu vgc khac trfin thfi gidi.<br /> <br /> Chau Au dugc xem nhu lien minh thanh<br /> cflng nhit trong Heh su loai ngudi ma phdn<br /> <br /> 1. Mft so van d l ly lufn ve ban sac<br /> van hoa chdu Au<br /> <br /> ldn nhd vao nhiing ket qua noi bat dugc nhac<br /> <br /> "Bdn sac, nhin chung, la mft khai nipm<br /> <br /> nhifiu trfin cac ITnh vgc kinh tfi, chinh tri. Bfin<br /> <br /> chi each thuc ma mfli ca nhdn tg nhgn biet<br /> <br /> canh do, chiing ta khdng thfi khflng nhdc tdi<br /> <br /> minh trong mdi lien hf vdi ngudi khac.<br /> <br /> nhiing thanh qua cua van hda - xa hpi da<br /> <br /> Trong sg nhgn biet ndy, ca nhan thudng tg so<br /> <br /> dugc gay dung tii nfin tdng ljch su vd mdt<br /> <br /> sdnh va dfli chilu minh vdi ngudi khac, doi<br /> <br /> phan do chfnh siic hap dan cua nfin van hda<br /> <br /> khi tren ca sd cd nhan, ddi khi trfin ca sd<br /> <br /> chau Au noi tifing nay. Ddu vay, hifin nay<br /> <br /> cfng dong. Ndi mft each khae, ban sac ca<br /> <br /> lifin minh nay dang phai ddi mat vdi nhiing<br /> <br /> nhan giflng nhu nhiing gi Mach ndi, do la<br /> <br /> thach thirc ldn phai kl ra nhu: gidi quylt<br /> <br /> cau trd ldi cho cau hoi: "Toi Id ai trong mdi<br /> <br /> khung hodng ng cdng, xay dgng mgt chinh<br /> <br /> ^Hn hi v&i ngu&i khac?" va ban sdc cfng<br /> <br /> sach dfli ngi doi ngoai chung, hay nhu vifc<br /> <br /> ^ong la cdu tra ldi cho cdu bfli: "Chiing ta Id<br /> <br /> MM odi net oe. nhihig. gid<br /> <br /> 57<br /> <br /> tri...<br /> <br /> ai trong mdi liin he v&i nhirng nhdm ngu&i<br /> <br /> phong tuc tap qudn, ldi sdng vd lao dgng"<br /> <br /> khdc?"^<br /> <br /> Trong quan he quflc tfi, ban sac van hda dan<br /> <br /> Cho den nay da ed rdt nhifiu dinh nghia<br /> <br /> tfc dugc xem nhu "the can cudc", la cflt<br /> <br /> ve van hoa dugc dua ra nhung tiec rang van<br /> <br /> each cua mfli ddn tge thfi hifin tren mgi<br /> <br /> chua cd dinh nghia thdng nhat ve khdi nipm<br /> <br /> phuong difin quan he ngogi giao ve kinh te,<br /> <br /> nay. O day cd thfi sir dung dinh ngbia vfi van<br /> <br /> chinh tri, van hda va xa hfi. Vfi ban chit, ban<br /> <br /> hda ca bdn nhdt cua UNESCO da dugc<br /> <br /> sac van hda dan tflc the hifin tinh than, linh<br /> <br /> thdng qua nam 1982 tai Mexico, sau do duge<br /> <br /> hon, cdt each, ban ITnh ciia mgt dan tdc. Day<br /> <br /> su dung lgi trong Tuyfin bfl vl Da dang van<br /> <br /> dugc coi la "dau hipu khac biet vfi chat" giiia<br /> <br /> hfla (2001): "Hiiu theo nghia rgng nhdt, vdn<br /> <br /> dan tfc nay vdi dan tdc khac. Trong qua<br /> <br /> hda ngdy nay cd the dinh nghia Id mot tap<br /> <br /> trinh tfln tgi va phat trien, ban sac van hoa la<br /> <br /> hgp cdc net khu bi$t, cdc dgc diim khde bigt<br /> <br /> yfiu tfl mang sire mgnh tinh than dan tdc,<br /> <br /> vi tinh thdn vd vgt chdt. tri thirc, tinh cdm<br /> <br /> giup dan tpc vugt qua nhiing thu thach ciia<br /> <br /> dgc tnmg cho mgt xa hdi hay mgt nhdm xd<br /> <br /> ljch sii, bdi vi ban sac van hda dan tpc la cflt<br /> <br /> hgi"^<br /> Khai nipm ban sdc van hoa da dugc<br /> UNESCO dl xudng trong khudn kho cufc<br /> ddu tianh trfin Imh vgc vdn hoa diln ra tgi<br /> cdc dien ddn da phuang trong nhiing nam 60<br /> va 70 the ky 20, dugc quflc tfi tb^a nhan nhu<br /> <br /> loi cua van hda dan tfc. Nd vira la myc tifiu,<br /> vira la dgng lgc de phat trien van hda dan<br /> tfc. Chinh vi vgy, vipc giu: gin va phat huy<br /> bdn sac van hoa dan tgc da va dang dugc<br /> nhilu quflc gia dan tflc coi trgng va cd nhimg<br /> giai phap cy thfi trong qua trinh phat tiien.<br /> <br /> mft quan niem chfnh thdng ve van hoa mang<br /> <br /> Cd rat nhifiu each phan logi ban sac:<br /> <br /> nfi dung tich cyc. Tgi Hfi nghi Hen chinh<br /> <br /> NIU phan chia theo ITnh vyc, ta cd: ban sac<br /> <br /> phd vl Cdc chinh sach vdn hda d Venise,<br /> <br /> van hda, ban sac nghe thuat, ban sac tfln<br /> <br /> F.Mayor - nguyen Tong giam dflc UNESCO,<br /> <br /> giao...; Nfiu phan chia theo quy mfl, ta cd:<br /> <br /> dd dua ra mft dinh nghTa khai nifim van hda<br /> <br /> ban sdc dan tgc, ban sic quflc gia, ban sac<br /> <br /> trfin CO sd nhan mgnh tinh dde thii eua ban<br /> <br /> khu vgc... Dfli khi chung ta bat gap nhung<br /> <br /> sle van hod ddn tge, dd la: "Vdn hod bao<br /> <br /> khdi nifim ed chung mot y nghTa va dugc su<br /> <br /> gdm tdt cd nhUng gi ldm cho ddn tdc ndy<br /> <br /> dyng lan Ifn nhu ban sac dan tde, ban sac<br /> <br /> khde vai ddn tgc khde, tic nhirng sdn phdm<br /> <br /> qudc gia. Trong phgm vi bai vifit nay, chiing<br /> <br /> tinh vi hi?n dgi nhdt cho den tin ngu&ng.<br /> <br /> tdi chgn cdeh phan logi khai quat nhat la ban<br /> sde ea nhan va ban sde cfng dflng (trong do<br /> chu yeu nhan manh den ban sac cgng dflng<br /> <br /> ' Bfli Hai Ding, BUCK ddu tim hiiu khdi ni4m "Bdnchau Au, ban sdc chau Au).<br /> sdc c$ng ddng", T§p san Khoa hpc x i hpi & Nhan<br /> vfin, s6 37,2006, tr. 108.<br /> ^ Jean TARDIF, Todn cdu hda va cdc nin vSn hda, tai<br /> t^i: http://vndocs.docdat.com/doc5/index-l 1764.html<br /> ngiy 10/10/2013.<br /> <br /> ^ Tir diin Itdch khoa Vift Nam, t^p 4 - NXB Tir dien<br /> bich khoa Hi N91.2005, trang 798,<br /> <br /> 58<br /> <br /> NGHIEN CCJrU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°12 {159].2013<br /> <br /> Nhung nam gin day, van de ban sac<br /> chau Au cung nhu cac van de Hfin quan dfin<br /> ban sac chau Au trd thdnh dfi tdi kha pho<br /> bifin vd dugc nhilu gidi quan tdm, ddc bifit<br /> lanh dgo cua Lien minh Chdu Au. Trong nfl<br /> lgc phat trifin dfi trd thdnh mgt td chiic<br /> chinh trj sieu qudc gia, ben canh vific phdt<br /> trien kinh tl, ciing cfl dia vi ehinh trj, EU<br /> cdn phai xay dyng eho duge bdn sac rifing<br /> minh. Tuy nhien, EU khflng the xay dung<br /> mgt ban sdc hoan toan mdi ma phai su dung<br /> nhung chat lieu chung cd san ciia khu vgc<br /> dfi tgo dgng sy dflng thugn xa hfi. Nhimg<br /> chat lieu ay cd thfi tim thay trong hang loat<br /> nhiing gia trj tmyen thdng ciia van hda, van<br /> minh phuong Tay.<br /> <br /> va nhan quyen... chii nghia ca nhan vd siic<br /> manh ciia duy Iy*.<br /> Khi tim hieu vfi bdn sac van hda chau<br /> Au, ngudi ta thudng tim ve nhung goc rfi<br /> mang tinh ljch sii. Tren thgc te, khdi niem<br /> "chau Au" dan thuan chi Id mgt chau luc.<br /> Ten ggi chau Au (Europe) theo than thogi Hy<br /> Lap la con gdi Vua xg Phenixi. Than Ddt<br /> dem long yeu Europea va hda thdnh mft con<br /> bd, dfi eho nang cudi trfin lung va lao xuflng<br /> bien. Tuy nhifin, tgi sao luc dja chdu Au lai<br /> cd tfin gpi nay thi dfin nay vin chua cd Idi<br /> giai dap thda ddng. Cd ngudi cho ring<br /> Europe, tiieo tieng Phenixi, cd nghia la<br /> "viing ddt nai mat trdi lan", tiic la "viing dit<br /> nam d phfa Tay"^. Nhu vay, neu nhin nhan<br /> <br /> bai<br /> <br /> chau Au la thgc thfi van hda thi cd thi hilu<br /> <br /> Towards a European Identity? (Hudng tdi<br /> <br /> ban sac van hda chau Au la khai nipm chi<br /> <br /> Elisabeth<br /> <br /> Bakke<br /> <br /> (1995)<br /> <br /> trong<br /> <br /> ban sac chau Au?) cho ring: Ban sle, vl mat<br /> <br /> nhiing gia trj van hda edt loi cua vimg van<br /> <br /> ehu quan duge tfln tai ti-ong tam tri cua eon<br /> <br /> hda chdu Au (gan vdi nhirng gid trj tmyen<br /> <br /> ngudi vdi nhirng y tudng: Chiing ta la ai va<br /> <br /> thflng ciia van minh Tay Au), tgo ra sg khac<br /> <br /> chung ta thuge vl ai. Mgt khac, vl mat khach<br /> <br /> biet ca ban trong sg tuang quan so sanh vdi<br /> <br /> quan, ban sac dugc xac djnh bdi nhiing<br /> <br /> cae vimg van hda khac. Nhu vay, khai niem<br /> <br /> ngudi thude cac nhdm nhat djiib. Dd la<br /> <br /> da neu ehi ban sac van hda ndi ehung ciia<br /> <br /> nhung tifiu chi cho phep cae thanh vien cua<br /> <br /> mft nen van hda ma nhieu ngudi vdn thudng<br /> <br /> mdt cflng ddng nhan ra nhau, thufc vfi ciing<br /> <br /> gpi la vdn hda van minh Tdy Au.<br /> <br /> mgt cgng dflng"*.<br /> Trong bdi phdt bifiu cua minh ngay 16<br /> David Gress cho ring, ban sdc van hda<br /> <br /> thdng 3 nam 2009, Jean-Claude Triehet, Chit<br /> <br /> chau Au la sg tflng hgp ciia nhiing gia tii dan<br /> <br /> tjch Ngdn hang ECB tai Frankfurt dd vi: "Toi<br /> <br /> chii, dac tfnh cua chii nghia tu ban, khoa hgc<br /> <br /> thdy bdn sdc vdn hoa cua chdu Au nhu mgt.<br /> logi vdi det chat che. Vdi ndy bao gdm tren<br /> <br /> * Elisabeth Bakke (1995). Towards a European<br /> Identity?<br /> httD://folk.uio.no/stveb 1 H'oward.'i a European IdentJt<br /> i ^ , ngay 10/10/2013.<br /> <br /> Gress, D (1998), From Planlo lo Nolo: The idea ol<br /> the west and its opponents. Free Press, New York.<br /> * Trin Phirong Hoa (2005), Khdi qudt chung vi ijch<br /> su vdn hoa vdn minh chdu Au, De tii cip Vi^n, V i ^<br /> Nghien cihi Chau Au.<br /> <br /> Jltbt odi net oi. nhSbig gid tri...<br /> <br /> 59<br /> <br /> mgt mgt cda mgt sgi dgc keo ddi mgt each<br /> <br /> danh mgc cac dae dilm chung ciia chau Au<br /> <br /> cdn than, tuang ung v&i nhiiu nen vdn hoa<br /> <br /> gom cd: truyfin thdng La Ma, van hda va tu<br /> <br /> mgnh me cda qudc gia md minh cd bdn sac<br /> <br /> tudng Thifin Chua giao, nhiing gia tri tu<br /> <br /> riing vd tim ngudn gde trong mgt qud khuxa<br /> <br /> tudng thdi Khai Sang, cflng nghiep hda,<br /> <br /> xdi, mat khac la sgi ngang, md dgi diin<br /> <br /> ngfln ngir va mft mdi trudng tu nhien chung.<br /> <br /> cho vdn hda xuyin<br /> <br /> qudc gia dan xen,<br /> <br /> Trong khi dd, Soledad Garcias dua ra mgt<br /> <br /> nhirng dnh hu&ng ddi irng qua biin gi&i<br /> <br /> danh muc cd ddi chut khde bifit vdi dgc trung<br /> <br /> giira cdc nen van hda vd giira cdc ngdn<br /> <br /> vdn bda Hy Lgp, gia trj ciia luat phap va thfi<br /> <br /> ngir. Tdi tu&ng tucmg vdn hgc, nghi thugt,<br /> <br /> chfi La Ma, Thien Chiia giao, nhung gia tri<br /> <br /> ngdn ngu, vdi van hda chdu Au ndy nhu ve<br /> <br /> thdi Phue Hung, Khai Sang, chii nghia lang<br /> <br /> dpp cua nd, thdng nhdt vd dodn kit cua nd<br /> <br /> man, xa hfi phuc Igi va sy da dang xuyfin<br /> <br /> tir con sd tuyet ddi vd da dgng cua cdc chii<br /> <br /> chau luc d chau Au. Vaclav Havel thi cho<br /> <br /> di cda nd "<br /> <br /> rang, nhung gid tri cdt loi cua chau Au ehinh<br /> <br /> Thuc te cho thay chau Au rat da dgng vfi<br /> sac tflc, ton gido va ddc bifit la van hda, nhung<br /> ngudi chdu Au da thdnh cong tiong viec tao ra<br /> <br /> la mflt cam kfit chung vi mgt chau lyc khflng<br /> chia cat, vi tg do ea nhan va vi ehu nghTa<br /> nhdn van .<br /> <br /> mft ban sle chung eho minh. Nhu Jose<br /> <br /> Rdt khd ed thfi ehi ra, liet kfi mgt each<br /> <br /> Manuel Barroso, Chii tjch Cgng dflng chung<br /> <br /> tudng tan gia tij ban sac van hda chau Au<br /> <br /> Chau Au ndi; "Bdn sdc cua ioi dong gdp cho<br /> <br /> bao gdm nhimg gia trj gi. Tuy nhifin, d tam<br /> <br /> bdn sac chung vd sic da dgng cua chdu Au."<br /> <br /> phfl quat nhit nlu cho rdng van hda chau Au<br /> <br /> Ddy chinh la thanh cdng to ldn ciia chau Au vi<br /> <br /> chinh la ca sd nfin tang tao nen nhimg gia tri<br /> <br /> dd tgo ra nhihig nguyfin tic dan chu, tdn tigng<br /> <br /> ban sac chau Au, thi theo chiing tdi cd nhiing<br /> <br /> sy da dgng lam nen tang ddi thogi, xay dyng<br /> <br /> gid tri nfin tang ciia ban sac van hda chau Au<br /> <br /> nen hda binh trfin todn bg chau Au. Dilu nay<br /> <br /> phai dugc nhac tdi la: Gia tri van hda truyen<br /> <br /> dugc ghi nhgn bang giai Nobel Hda Binh nam<br /> <br /> thflng Hy Lap - La Ma; Gia tn tu tudng<br /> <br /> 2012 vi "hon sau thgp nifin ddng gdp cho sy<br /> <br /> Thifin Chiia giao; Gia tri cua thdi ky giai<br /> <br /> tien bf cua hda binh va hda giai, dan chii va<br /> <br /> phdng tu tudng va khoa hpc khdi sy kim kpp<br /> <br /> nhan quyln tai chdu Au".<br /> <br /> ciia Nha Thd (Thdi ky Phyc Hung va Khai<br /> <br /> 2. Mft vdi n£t ve nhirng gid trj ban<br /> sdc vdn hda chau Au<br /> Vifc xdc djnb nhiing gid trj bdn sic vdn<br /> <br /> Sang); Gia trj thdi hipn dai.<br /> 2.1. Gid tri vdn hoa truyen thong Hy<br /> Lgp vd La Md<br /> <br /> hda chdu Au la gi ciing Id mft dfi tdi gdy<br /> <br /> Van hda Hy Lap va nhiing gia tij vdn<br /> <br /> tranh cdi gong gidi hgc gia. Vdi Wintie,<br /> <br /> hda dudng nhu thdm dugm trong mgi hogt<br /> <br /> ' Jean-Claude Trtchet, Europe - cultural identity cultural diversity, Frankfurt am Main, 16 March 2009.<br /> <br /> * Biii Hai Ding, EU vd bdn sdc chdu Au. Tqp chi<br /> Nghien cuu Chdu Au sd V (139), 2010, U-. 22-23<br /> <br /> 60<br /> <br /> NGHIEN cCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW U°\2<br /> <br /> ddng ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan chdu Au.<br /> <br /> (1!;9).2013<br /> <br /> minh La Ma cd dgi. Tir chu cdi Hy Lap,<br /> <br /> Nhiing gia trj ngay vfln dT cd chung mgt<br /> <br /> ngudi La Ma da sang tao nen he thdng ch&<br /> <br /> ngudn gflc bit ngudn tir truyen thflng van<br /> <br /> cdi Latinh. Day la hfi thdng chii vifit don gian<br /> <br /> hda Hy - La. Vdi siic manh ciia minh, Hy -<br /> <br /> va thudn tien nfin ngay eang dugc sii dung<br /> <br /> La tir thi ky thii V TCN da bdnh tiudng<br /> <br /> rflng rai trong d l quflc La Ma vd ddy la<br /> <br /> khdng chi sang phfa Dflng ma cdn sang cd<br /> <br /> ngudn gflc ciia nhilu ngdn ngii hifin dai.<br /> <br /> phfa Tay, dfin tan khu vgc ma ngay nay la<br /> <br /> Dugc tiep xiic vdi nhung thdnh tuu eua van<br /> <br /> Phap vd Tay Ban Nha, rfli sang ca cac hdn<br /> <br /> minh Hy Lap, ngudi La Ma da say mfi va<br /> <br /> dao hien thugc Anh, Ireland va Na Uy^. Sg<br /> <br /> tifip thu ehiing. Hai chii X va Z trudc day bj<br /> <br /> banh trudng cua Hy Lap ciing dflng nghTa<br /> <br /> gat ra khdi chii eai Latinh vi khflng can dimg<br /> <br /> vdi sg phd bifin nhting gia trj van hoa Hy<br /> <br /> din, nay duge dua vao. Nd ciing la nguon<br /> <br /> Lap dfin eac quflc gia, vung dat ma ngudi Hy<br /> <br /> gflc ciia nhilu ngdn ngii chau Au hifin dgi<br /> <br /> Lap dgt chan dfin hay thfln tinh. Nhiing gia<br /> <br /> (Y, Tay Ban Nha, Bfl Dao Nha, Phap...).<br /> <br /> tri van hda chau Au cd ngufln gflc tii thdi Hy<br /> <br /> Luc diu, chii Latinh gdm 21 chu cdi, ve sau<br /> <br /> Lap cho den nay van cdn nguyfin gia tij ciia<br /> <br /> diing them Y va Z (till ki I TCN), W (thi ki<br /> <br /> nd. Dd la nhtrng gia tri tgo nfin mgt he thflng<br /> <br /> XI), J va U (thi ki XVI), hien nay cd tit ca<br /> <br /> chu viet chung. Hfi thong chii cai Hy Lap da<br /> <br /> 26 chii eai. Vdi he thdng chir viet don gian<br /> <br /> dat den trinh do khai quat cao, vdi khoang<br /> <br /> va tien lgi, tieng Latinh ngay eang dugc phd<br /> <br /> hon 20 chir cai, ngudi ta cd thfi difin dgt dugc<br /> <br /> bien va dugc sir dgng rfng rai d cae nudc<br /> <br /> mgi y tudng trim tugng bang each ghep cac<br /> <br /> thufc de ehe La Ma. Ngoai ra, ngudi La Ma<br /> <br /> chu dga theo dm tifit. Bang chii cai Hy Lgp<br /> <br /> cdn de lgi hf thdng ehii sd ma ngay nay<br /> <br /> bao gdm h? thdng ehu hoa va chit thudng:<br /> <br /> ngudi ta van thudng diing va quen ggi la chii<br /> sd La Ma.<br /> <br /> Chii Hoa: A, B, F, A, E, Z, H, 0 , 1 , K,<br /> A, M, N, S, 0, n , P, S, T, Y, 0), X, "¥, Q.<br /> Chu Thudng: a, p, y, 5, e, ^, q, 8, i, K, X,<br /> g, v, ^, 0,71, p, o (q), T, u, tp, X, v. to-<br /> <br /> That thifiu sdt neu ta khflng nhac den gia<br /> tri ciia triet hgc Hy Lap cfl dai - mgt trong<br /> nhiing thanh tuu nfli trfi, cd dnh huong sau<br /> sac den mai v l sau nay. Cd thi eoi tiilt hpc<br /> <br /> Sau khi Hy Lgp lui tan, nha nudc La Ma<br /> da ke thua hau hfit cac thanh tyu cua van hda<br /> <br /> Hy Lgp cd dai la dinh cao cua van minh Hy<br /> Lap vdi cac ddc tiirag ca ban sau:<br /> <br /> Hy Lap, song xet tren khia egnh nfi tgi, nfin<br /> van minh La Ma vdn chira dung hong nd<br /> <br /> - Triet hgc Hy Lgp cd sg phan chia rfl<br /> <br /> nhung net rifing dgc sdc eiia minh. Chvt vilt<br /> <br /> rdng giiia cac gdg luu, trudng phai: chii<br /> <br /> la mpt trong nhiing tiianh tiiu nfli bat eiia van<br /> <br /> nghia duy vgt (trudng phdi Milet, trudng<br /> phdi Heraclite, trudng phai Da nguyfin,<br /> <br /> tiirdng phai Nguyen tii lugn), chu nghTa duy<br /> Tran Phucmg Hoa (2006), Nhin lgi Ifch su chdu Au<br /> vd tu tuang vi chdu Au, T^p chi Nghien cuu Chau tdm (tiudng phai Elfie, tiudng phai Duy tam<br /> Au,s6 1 (67), tr. 10-16.<br /> <br />