Networking with Microsoft Windows 2000 server

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Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Plan what network model to apply to your network Compare the differences between Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a server operating system

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Learning Objectives Chapter 1: Plan what network model to apply to your network Networking with Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Compare the differences between Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a server operating system Learning Objectives (continued) Basic Network Concepts Network Operating System (NOS) Explain the new features in Windows Software that enables computer users to share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, 2000 and video transmissions Describe the file systems that are Network compatible with Windows 2000 and A communications system that enables computer choose the file system that is right for users to share computer equipment, software, and your server data, voice, and video transmissions Basic Network Concepts Basic Network Concepts Client A computer that accesses resources on Network in the United another computer via a network or by a States direct connection Network in Australia Figure 1-1 1- Networking across continents
Basic Network Concepts Peer-to-Peer Network Model Peer-to-Peer Workstation Peer-to-peer network A computer that has its own CPU and may A network where any computer can be used as a standalone computer for communicate with other networked word processing, spreadsheet creation, or computers on an equal or peer-like basis without going through an intermediary, other software applications. It also may be such as a server or host. used to access another computer such as a mainframe computer or file server, as long as the necessary network hardware Often used in very small organizations, such as a two to ten person office. and software are installed. A Simple Peer-to-peer Network Peer-to-peer Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking Peer- to- Peer-to-Peer A group of computers can share files, folders, and printers Hub Peer-to-peer networking is easy to set up Supports using workgroups A Microsoft workgroup is a number of users who share drive and printer resources in an independent peer-to-peer relationship. Figure 1-2 A simple peer-to-peer network without a server 1- peer- to- Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking Peer- to- Peer-to-Peer Server-Based Network Model Server-Based Offers only moderate network security Server-based network A model in which access to the network, to No centralized storage or account resources, and the management of management resources is accomplished through one or more servers. Not effective for complex network management Used particularly in medium and large organizations. Not optimized for simultaneous access by over 9 or 10 computers
A Server-Based Network Server-Based Advantages of the Server-Based Model Server- Server-Based Windows 3.11 Provides extensive multiuser access to Windows 2000 Server Windows 95 resources Ideal for coordinated server and network Windows NT Workstation 4.0 Connecting hub management Macintosh Provides robust security to network resources Windows 2000 Professional UNIX Windows 98 Contributes to fast network performance Figure 1-3 A server-based network 1- server- Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server- Server- Disadvantages of the Server- Based Model Server- Based Model Generally requires more advanced Enables extensive file, folder, and printer sharing planning than peer-to-peer networking Access to resources can be centralized, decentralized, or a combination of both Can be more complex to set up than Provides robust management of software peer-to-peer networking applications Provides a strong platform for e-mail, Web services, and e-commerce Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server- Server- Based Model (continued) Concept: Total Cost of Ownership Enables coordinated backups of network data Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of resources installing and maintaining computers and equipment on a network, which Sharing of computer resources can be arranged to reflect the work patterns of includes hardware, software, groups within an organization maintenance, and support costs. Server administration can save time and money when installing software and software upgrades
Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Server Designed for workstation use A full featured server operating system Used with Windows 2000 Server to reduce Supports up to four processors the TCO Handles up to 4 GB of RAM Supports up to two processors Offers a wide range of services and user Handles up to 4 GB of RAM connectivity options Example Windows 2000 Server Services Example Windows 2000 Server Services (continued) Handles virtually unlimited user connections Network storage management (depending on the hardware) Remote network access Active Directory management Terminal services Network management Distributed file services Web-based management services High-speed network connectivity Network-wide security management Application services and network printer management Windows 2000 Server Versions Target Applications Windows 2000 Server Versions Compared Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Server Provides full server services as a file, print, Web, Up to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAM e-mail, and e-commerce server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Up to 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and supports Intended for high-end enterprise networks that use server clustering server clustering Windows 2000 Datacenter Windows 2000 Datacenter Up to 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and supports Intended for large databases server clustering
Server Clustering Clustering Clustered Clustering: The ability to share the servers acting as one computing load and resources by linking Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Server two or more discrete computer systems Workstation to function as though they are one. Connecting hub Workstation Windows 2000 Server Figure 1-4 1- Workstation Workstation Server clustering Workstation Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Server Fundamental Capabilities Fundamental Capabilities Sharing Resources Fault tolerance Managing Resources Internet integration and e-commerce Scalability and compatibility Reliability Sharing Resources Mapped Drive or Folder Data files and folders Mapped drive or folder Centralized access and fast searches, particularly A disk volume or folder that is shared on the when the Active Directory is implemented network by a server or workstation. Printers It gives designated network workstations access to the files and data in its shared volume or folder. Easily configured and published printer resources The workstation, via software, determines a drive Application Software letter for the shared volume, which is the Network installation or option to run software on workstation’s map to the data. the server
Shared Drives Managing Resources Shared drives Windows 2000 provides a coordinated way to manage network resources Workstation Windows 2000 Server Workstation Workstation accessing The Active Directory is one example of shared drives on the server a resource management tool Connecting hub Workstation Workstation (laptop) Figure 1-5 1- Accessing shared server drives Workstation Laser printer Workstation Resource Security Resource: has two meanings depending on the Windows 2000 Server is designed to be compatible context with the U.S. Government’s C2 top secret class of security: On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file server, shared printer, or shared directory that can File and folder protection be accessed by users Account and network access passwords On a workstation or server, a resource is an IRQ, File, folder, and account auditing I/O address, or memory that is allocated to a computer component, such as a disk drive or Server access protection on a network communications port Server management controls Concept: Scalability Concept: Symmetric Multiprocessor Scalable: A computer operating system Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A that can be used on small to large type of computer with two or more computers, such as those with a single CPUs that share the processing load. Intel-based processor and larger computers, such as those with multiple processors.
Windows 2000 Server Host System Compatibility Windows 2000 Server Client System Compatibility Windows 2000 Server can communicate with many Typical operating systems that access kinds of other host operating systems. Windows 2000 Server as clients are: IBM mainframe MS-DOS Novell NetWare Windows 3.x, 95/98 UNIX Windows NT, 2000 Banyan Macintosh DEC UNIX Reliability Concept: Operating System Kernel Windows 2000 Server is reliable because the Kernel: An essential set of programs kernel operates in privileged mode and computer code that allows a computer operating system to control MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs run in processor, disk, memory, and other the virtual DOS machine so they do not functions central to the basic operation impact 32-bit programs and the operating of a computer. system, which are running at the same time Concept: Windows 2000 Privileged Concept: Virtual DOS Machine Mode Virtual DOS Machine: In Windows 2000, a Privileged mode: A protected memory process that emulates an MS-DOS window in space allocated for the Windows 2000 which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit Windows kernel that cannot be directly accessed programs in a designated area of memory. by software applications.
Concepts: Multitasking and Multithreading Concept: Fault Tolerance Windows 2000 reliability includes multitasking Fault Tolerance: Techniques that and multithreading. employ hardware and software to provide assurance against equipment Multitasking: The capability of a computer to run two or more programs at the same time. failures, computer service interruptions, and data loss. Multithreading: Running several program processes or parts (threads) at the same time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive multitasking. Example Windows 2000 Fault Internet Integration and Electronic Commerce Tolerance Features Recovery from hard disk failures Windows 2000 Server comes with many Internet-related services. Recovery from lost data in a file Web server Intranet and VPN services Recovery from system configuration errors Media services Protection from power outages HTML and XML compatibility Advanced warning about system and hardware problems FTP Services New Windows 2000 Server New Windows 2000 Server Features Features (continued) Active Directory A Windows 2000 database of computers, Web-based Enterprise Management users, shared printers, shared folders, and (WBEM) other network resources, and resource groupings that is used to manage a network and enable users to quickly find a Standardizes the tools and interfaces used particular resource. by administrators for a complete picture of the relationship between networks and the devices connected to networks.
New Windows 2000 Server New Windows 2000 Server Features (continued) Features (continued) Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM) Power management A storage management system that enables administrators to establish storage Enables portions of a system, such as a policies, archiving techniques, and disk monitor, to “sleep” when they are not in capacity planning through automated use procedures and the coordinated use of different media including tapes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, and zip drives. New Windows 2000 Server Concept: FAT16 Features (continued) Advantages Supported by may small computer systems International language capability Low operating overhead Supports more languages and even Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000) multiple versions of the same language, File sizes up to 2 GB such as English used in Britain or English used in the United States Disadvantages Can become corrupted over time Limited file and folder security and no auditing Does not support long filenames Concept: FAT32 Concept: NTFS 4 Advantages NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has More robust then FAT16 the following features Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in Support for long file names Windows 2000) Files can be compressed Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000 Large file capacity Supports long file names File activity tracking Volume striping and volume extensions Disadvantages Limited file and folder security and no auditing Cannot decrease cluster size
Concept: NTFS 5 CDFS and UDF NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the Windows 2000 supports CDFS and UDF following new features Ability to encrypt files Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32-bit file No system reboot after creating extended or system used on standard capacity CD-ROMs. spanned volumes Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives) Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a removable disk Indexing for fast access formatting standard used for large capacity CD- Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information ROMs and DVD-ROMs. when files are transferred between volumes Ability to set disk quotas Choosing a File System Chapter Summary As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless Network servers are used in familiar you need to use FAT16 or FAT32 for and expected places. One example of a backward compatibility on a system, such as familiar place is as a Web server. for a dual boot system. The use of server-based networks is outpacing peer-to-peer networks. Chapter Summary Chapter Summary Windows 2000 Server offers traditional and NTFS is a central feature of Windows 2000 new server capabilities because it offers: File and printer sharing Strong security C2-compatible security Fault tolerance Web and network communications File compression Network management capabilities Indexing Active Directory Disk quotas and File encryption
Chapter Summary Windows 2000 retains backward compatibility with: FAT16 FAT32