Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của mạch Carbon trong Biodiesel và tỷ lệ phối trộn giữa Biodiesel/Diesel dầu mỏ lên khí thải của động cơ máy phát điện sử dụng Biodiesel

Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br /> <br /> <br /> NGHIEN c t r u ANH HlTOiNG CUA MACH CARBON TRONG<br /> BIODIESEL VA TY LE PHOI TRON GltTA BIODIESEL/DIESEL D A U<br /> MO LEN KHI THAI CUA DONG CO MAY PHAT DIEN StT DUNG<br /> BIODIESEL<br /> <br /> H6 Son Lam, Tran Ngoc Thing, Huynh Thanh Cdng,<br /> Chau Thanh Phu-ong, Nguyen Thi Thu Thao<br /> Vien Khoa hgc vat lieu iing dung<br /> So 1, Mac DTnh Chi, Quan 1 Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh<br /> Email: sonlamho05(a),gmail.com<br /> Tom tat:<br /> Bdo cdo ndy gioi thiiu nhirng kit qud nghien cicu khi thdi cua ddng ca mdy phdt<br /> diin sie dung nhiin lieu diesel ddu mdphdi trdn voi ddu diesel sinh hoc (biodiesel) theo<br /> cdc ty li: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% vd 20% B-100. Cdc kit qud cho^ thdy B-100 do Vien<br /> KHVLUD sdn xudt a qui md pilot lOOkg/ngdy cd thi phdi trdn tdt d cdc ty li ndi trin,<br /> ddc biet, a mite 10-15% Id tdt nhdt Nhin chung trong tdt cd cdc mdu phdi trdn, hdm<br /> lugng NOx trong khi thdi gidm niu mgch cacbon trong ddu diesel sinh hoc cd ty li 40%)<br /> C14-C16 vd 60% C18-C20. Trong trudng hgp mgch cacbon C14-C16 chiim 65% vd<br /> C18-C20 chiim 35%, hdm lugng hydrocacbon (HC) trong khi thdi tdng lin. Cdc kit<br /> qud khdo sdt chi do ldm viec cita ddng ca sit dung 10% biodiesel cdng cho thdy do ddi<br /> cita mgch cacbon trong biodiesel dnh huong din khi thdi: Khi ddng co ldm viec khdng<br /> tdi, mgch cacbon trong biodiesel khdng nhieng ldm tdng cdc chdt ddc hgi trong khi thdi<br /> md cdn ldm cho hdm lugng CO, NO, NOx tdng cao hon so vtyi diesel ddu md. Khi ddng<br /> CO ldm viec cd tdi, mgch cacbon trong biodiesel khdng nhirng khdng dnh huong xdu<br /> din khi thdi, md cdn ldm gidm ddng ke nhiing chdt ddc hgi nhu CO, NO, NOx so vdi<br /> diesel ddu md.<br /> Abstract:<br /> This paper describes recent development on investigation of exhaust gas<br /> emission of diesel engine (electric generator) using petroleum diesel blended<br /> bio-diesel. The engine was tested on a series of diesel fuels blended with five<br /> additive levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ofbio-dieselB-100 by volume).<br /> Results of B-100 produced by technology oflAMS on pilot lOOkg/day, can be<br /> blending all ratio from 5% to 20% with petroleum diesel and good ratio are 10-<br /> 15%. Generally speaking, all blendings samble, results of tests on engine of<br /> electric generator show that NOx in exhaust gas emission reduce when the the<br /> length circuit carbon content in biodiesel from 40% ofC14- C16 and 60% ofC18-<br /> C20, compared to the biodiesel content 10% of C14-C16 and 90% ofC18- C20,<br /> however have increase ofHC.<br /> Samples 10% B-100 blended with petroleum diesel to start electric generator<br /> was studying. The results of study showed, that, the length of circud carbon of<br /> biodiesel and working regulation of electric generator influenced on exhaust gas<br /> emission.<br /> <br /> <br /> 400<br />  Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010<br /> <br /> <br /> While generator work without loading capacity, the length of circuit ocarbon<br /> in biodiesel was not only increased toxic gas on exhaust gas emission, but also<br /> constituted high toxic gas as CO, NO, NOx,, compared with petroleum diesel.<br /> While generator worked with loading capacity, the length of circuit carbon in<br /> biodiesel not only doesn 't inffluenced on exhaust gas emission, but also reduced<br /> toxic gas as CO, NO, NOx, compared with petroleum diesel.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. DAT VAN DE<br /> Trong san xuat va sir dung biodiesel, hai van de quan trgng ludn dugc dat ra song song,<br /> do la ngudn nguyen lieu nao cho san xuat va ty le phdi trdn bao nbieu thi dugc xem la tdi uu.<br /> Tren the gidi, d nhiing nude da san xuat va sir dung biodiesel tren 20 nam, vin chua cd ldi<br /> giai chinh thiic cho van de dat ra tren day.<br /> Qua gan 20 nam sir dung diesel sinh hgc (biodiesel), ngudi ta da cd each nhin nguyen lieu<br /> ngay cang cdi md hon. Tmdc day, cac nude sir dung biodiesel d chau Au, chi sir dung dau<br /> rape (cai dau) lam nguyen lieu vdi each ggi quen thudc la RME, hay sir dung dau cg<br /> (PALME), dau hudng duong( SME)..., sau nay, danh tir thudng xuyen gap la FAME, cd<br /> nghTa la metyl este cua cac axit beo. Dieu do chiing td rang, nguyen lieu da khdng bi gidi ban<br /> bdi cac loai dau beo. Nhu vay, nhiing loai cay cho dau beo cd mach cacbon thap nhu dau dira,<br /> dau cg (C12-C16) hay cac loai dau cd mach cacbon cao nhu cai dau, Jatropha (C18-C22) deu<br /> sir dung dugc va khdng cd sir gidi ban hay qui dinh cu the nao.<br /> Ve thanh phan phdi trdn (blending) ciing rat da dang. Sudt 20 nam ma Chau Au chi cho<br /> phdi trdn 5% B-100 vao diesel thuong pham, trong khi Nhat, Han qudc, My cd the la 5-20" u.<br /> Cd tmdng hgp sir dung 30%).<br /> Tren the gidi ciing da cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien ciiu anh hudng cua biodiesel len khi<br /> thai. Tuy nhien, cu the tirng loai B-100 cd mach cacbon khac nhau thi chua cd.<br /> O Viet nam, chiing tdi da cdng bd 02 bai bao ve cac van de tren. Trong bai nay, chiing tdi<br /> thuc hien tren 2 mau biodiesel vdi ham lugng cac mach cacbon each xa nhau tren mdt ddi<br /> tugng duy nhat la sir dung cho may phat dien chay dau diesel, khi cd va khdng cd tai trgng.<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. P H A N THirC NGHIEM<br /> 2.1 Pha mau<br /> Kit qua phan tich thanh phin hda hgc cua cac miu va tdng hop lai theo sd cac bon trong<br /> mach dau beo (khdng tinh gdc methyl) nhu sau:<br /> Bdng 2.1: Thdnh phdn vd hdm lugng mgch cacbon trong cdc mdu biodiesel<br /> <br /> Mach Bio-lC Bio-2A<br /> <br /> Cg - Ci6 65% 10%<br /> <br /> Ci8 -C20 35% 90%<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 401<br /> Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br /> <br /> <br /> 2.2 Xac djnh chi so hoa ly cua mau:<br /> Bdng 2.2: Chi sd Hda ly cua cdc mdu:<br /> <br /> Miu Ty trgng nao TjCSt/s)<br /> <br /> Bio-lC 0,8715 1,434515 3,5318<br /> <br /> Bio-2A 0,8750 1,449552 5,6077<br /> <br /> 2.3 He thong cac thiet bi tao khi thai va phan tich nong do khi thai:<br /> Bao gdm may phat dien ddng co diesel va cac thiet bi do NO/NOx; do CO, CO2, N2O. Cac<br /> thiet bi do nay dugc ghep song song do vay cd the phan tich ddng thdi NO, NOx, NO2, N2O,<br /> CO, CO2 va ket qua dugc hien tren man hinh vi tinh dudi dang cac dudng.<br /> + Mdy phdn tich NO vd NOx- Chemiluminescence CLD 700 AL, hang ECO PHYSICS<br /> -I- Mdy phdn tich CO2, CO, N2O: Ultramat 6E, nha san xuat: Siemens<br /> -I- Mdy phdt diin ddng ca diesel: Cac mau dugc chay bang may phat dien ddng co diesel<br /> ST 180: Cdng suat: 5,96 kw; Tdc do tdi da: 2600 vdng/phiit; San xuat tai Tmng Quoc<br /> - 2005 theo tieu chuan TC 02 - 2002 ddng co diesel<br /> -(- Phuang phdp do vd chi do ldm viec cua ddng ca:<br /> Phuong phap do:<br /> Cac mau biodiesel da chuan bi (BIO-1 C, BI0-2A) cd ham lugng cac mach hydrocacbon<br /> nhu da gidi thieu d tren, dugc trdn vdi diesel dau md theo ty le (0% 20 % biodiesel). O dau<br /> khi thai ra ciia ddng co, dugc gan vdi bd phan hiit khi cua thiet bi phan tich. Cho ddng co lam<br /> viec trong khoan 30 phiit sau dd, bat may hiit khi va cho khi thai true tiep vao may do. Khi<br /> lugng khi thai da dn dinh, tien hanh phan tich trong khoang 15 phiit.<br /> - Ket thiic mau, dau dugc thao ra khdi ddng co, thay mau nhien lieu mdi.<br /> - May do dugc rira bang khdng khi cho den khi dn dinh trd lai, mdi tiep tuc do mau tiep<br /> theo.<br /> Che dd lam viec cua ddng co:<br /> Ddng CO phat dien dugc lam viec theo hai che do:<br /> - Khdng tai (May nd nhung khdng sir dung dien do may phat ra)<br /> - Cd tai (May nd thip sang 04 bdng den 500W= 2000w)<br /> <br /> <br /> 3. KET QUA VA B A N LUAN<br /> 3.1 Khao sat khi thai cua dong co lam viec co tai trong va khong co tai trong:<br /> - Trudng hap dgng ca khong sir dung biodiesel:<br /> Khi ddng co lam viec khdng kem theo tai trgng ham lugng cac chit dgc hai trong khi thai<br /> tang cao (Load of), ngugc lai, khi bit dau cd tai trgng, ngoai trir ham lugng CO tang, cac chit<br /> khac nhu Nox, NO giam xudng. Hien tugng nay cho thay khi ddng co lam viec cd tai trgng,<br /> lugng khdng khi vao nhieu ban nen phan ung chay chiem vai trd chu dao, ciing vi vay ham<br /> <br /> <br /> 402<br />  Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010<br /> <br /> lugng CO tang cao, trong khi cac chit khac giam. Ci tmdng hgp ddng co lam viec khong tai<br /> trong, lugng khdng khi vao budng ddt it nen qua trinh chay khong hoan toan ma cbii yeu la<br /> phan ling oxi hda. Tir dd, ham lugng CO giam( do chay khdng hoan toan) cdn cac chit khac<br /> nhu NO, NOx lai tang cao., nhu dd thi trong hinh 1 va hinh 2 dudi day:<br /> <br /> DIESEL (LOAD ON) DIESEL (LOAD OF)<br /> <br /> <br /> 6X 500<br /> 550 450<br /> 500 ^i,/ih^^*ff'^^^<br /> 400<br /> 450<br /> 350<br /> _ 400<br /> -NOx<br /> I 350 300<br /> Q. -NO<br /> — 300 ' 250 -ffnr<br /> -N02 U x~iv.-;j^t^-<br /> o 250 I<br /> u<br /> ^^-'^i??^<br /> -CO 200<br /> TV<br /> 200<br /> „NOx 150<br /> 150<br /> 100<br /> 50 .ftf^iT*atmxm-lrtH'1>e^.m:* 11.'.'* f<br /> 0<br /> 2 8 S S S S S 2 S<br /> <br /> time<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 1: Khi thdi cua ddng co sie dung Hinh 2: Khi thdi cita ddng ca sie dung<br /> 100% ddu diesel khi cd tdi 100% ddu diesel khi khdng cd tdi<br /> <br /> - Trudng hap cd su tham gia cda biodiesel:<br /> Khi cd sir tham gia cua biodiesel d ham lugng 10%) ( sir dung BIO-IC, cd mach cacbon<br /> khong dai qua , C14-C16 chiem 65% va C18-C20 chiem 35%o) hien tugng khi thai phu thudc<br /> vao tinh trang lam viec cua ddng co van xay ra nhu hinh 3,4 sau day.Trong tmdng hgp nay,<br /> ham lugng CO tang cao hon so vdi 100%) diesel, cho thay vdi 10% biodiesel, phan iing chay<br /> xay ra tdt hon khi khdng cd biodiesel. Ciing vi vay nhieu cdng trinh da chiing minh su bieu<br /> qua khi sir dung biodiesel pha vdi diesel.<br /> <br /> BIO-1 C(LOAD ON) BIO-IC(LOADOF)<br /> <br /> 850<br /> 500<br /> 750 450<br /> 700<br /> - - W^r""^^^ 400 yH*M.A«v^Wv^,vV^<br /> 350<br /> ccn<br /> 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 C<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I 300<br /> cone (ppm)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 8 200<br /> 150<br /> <br /> 150 »iftUJiMiunr-4vlV'—^^^»-«*»^l|»^^<br /> 100 prrl^^'NOa 1 --<br /> 50<br /> rT-icyi'TTniWTl-lt=+=ll jHiAillll<br /> 0<br /> NO<br /> in I/) uS U)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> time<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 3: Khi thdi ciia ddng co sit diing Hinh 4: Khi thdi ciia ddng co sit dung<br /> I0%BIO-lCkhicdtdi 10% BIO-IC khi khdng cd tdi<br /> <br /> Xet ndng do cac chit ddc hai khac cd trong khi thai, ta ciing thiy ham lugng cua chiing<br /> thip hon bin khi so sanh vdi diu diesel, ca khi cd va khi khdng cd tai trgng.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 403<br /> Tieu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br /> <br /> <br /> Khi cd SU tham gia cua biodiesel d ham lugng 10%) (sii dung BI0-2A, cd mach cacbon<br /> C14-C16 chilm 10%) va C18-C20 chilm 90%) hien tugng khi thai phu thudc vao tinh trang<br /> lam viec cua ddng co vin xay ra nhu hinh 5,6 sau day.<br /> <br /> B10-2A (LOAD ON) BI0-2A (LOAD OF)<br /> <br /> <br /> 600<br /> 750<br /> 700 550<br /> 650 ' VNWiiiUm, j ^ O J, J,J«AWA! 600 CO<br /> "V'*1S^/™'yr'r^'"''<br /> 450<br /> 550<br /> _ 400<br /> - 500<br /> 1 450 I 350<br /> 5 400 f 300<br /> i 350 g 250<br /> " 300 u NOx<br /> 200<br /> 250<br /> 150 NO ,<br /> 200<br /> N6JI,^^„_,^.—^--iw-^-i—AJ-.-se-if-<br /> 150 100<br /> 100 1mj.-r-'iSiff:^^aBg3r>IBFW--WlW"^U" 50<br /> 50 f^ N02<br /> <br /> S S S S I 3 S S S S g S S S S S S S S S a<br /> time time<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 5: Khi thdi cua ddng co sit dung Hinh 6: Khi thdi cua ddng co sir dung 10%<br /> 10% BIO-2A khi cd tdi BI0-2A khi khdng cd tdi<br /> <br /> So sanh giiia hai loai biodiesel them vao ciing mdt ty le la 10 %> tren trang thai lam viec<br /> cua ddng co nhu nhau, ta de dang nhan thay mdt sd net dac trung sau day:<br /> - Ham lugng CO trong khi thai cua ddng co lam viec cd tai cao hon khi khdng tai. Khi<br /> pha them biodiesel, ham lugng nay cdn cao hon va dat miic khoang 700 ppm khi co<br /> tai. Khi khdng cd tai, ham lugng CO giam xudng miic 400ppm doi vdi BIO-IC va<br /> 500ppm ddi vdi BI0-2A.<br /> - Ham lugng cac chat ddc hai khac, dac biet la Nox trong khi thai cua ddng co lam viec<br /> khdng tai cao hon bin khi ddng co lam viec cd tai. Tmdng hgp pha them biodiesel thi<br /> cac chat ddc hai nay cua mau BIO-IC cao hon mau BI0-2A khoang 50ppm.<br /> - Nhu vay, mach cacbon ngin (C14-C16) chilm 65%) se lam giam nong do CO trong<br /> khi dd, mach cacbon dai (C18-C20), se lam tang ndng do CO trong Idii thai. Ngugc<br /> lai, khi ham lugng mach cacbon ngin chilm uu thi, ndng do cac chit nhu Nox, NO se<br /> tang hon va bang vdi ham lugng cua chiing trong ddng co sir dung 100%) diesel.<br /> 3.2 Khao sat khi thai cua cac loai biodiesel khac nhau va ty le phdi tron khac nhau:<br /> - Mau BIO-IC cd thi pha 10, 15, 20% se cho gia tri CO thip hon so vdi CO trong<br /> Diesel, trong khi mau BI0-2A cho kit qua CO kha cao. Dilu nay ciing phu hgp vdi<br /> nhan xet tren day (hinh 7).<br /> - Mau BIO-IC cd thi pha 10%) va 20%) se cho gia tri Nox thip hon so vdi NOx trong<br /> diesel (hinh 8).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 404<br />  Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010<br /> <br /> <br /> H i m hrang NOx trong k h i t h i i<br /> H i m iv^ng CO trong khi thdi<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> HL<br /> <br /> (ppm) S1=Blo-1C<br /> S2=Bio-2A<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 5 SI<br /> Lo^i nhidn li^u Loai nhidn iifiu<br /> HDiesel), 2K5% bio),3.(10% bia),4.(15% bio), 5^20% bio) HDiesei), 2^5% bio),3.(10 % bio) ,4^15% bio), S.(20% bio) =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 7: Hdm lugng CO trong khi thdi Hinh 8: Hdm lugng Nox trong khi thdi<br /> ciia cdc ty li phdi trdn vd mdu biodiesel cita cdc ty li phdi trdn vd mdu biodiesel<br /> khdc nhau (BIO-IC vd BIO-2A) khdc nhau (BIO-IC vd BIO-2A)<br /> <br /> Miu BIO-IC cd the pha 10% va 20% va cho gia tri NO thip hon so vdi NO trong<br /> diesel (hinh 9).<br /> Hdm liTOTig N O trong khi thii 1<br /> 300f<br /> <br /> 250 —i !<br /> 200<br /> ~^<br /> HLNOfppm) 150<br /> —<br /> 100<br /> <br /> 50 ~i<br /> ° ^'^^^i^H^^^HIS^IfeWmmtW si=Hin.ic:<br /> 2 3 ~"~'*™*«muM^^jjy ol S2=ao-2A<br /> 5<br /> Loai nhidn li^u:<br /> Loainhidnlidu:<br /> 1-(diescl^; 2- (5%bio); 3-(10%bio); 4K15%bio)i 5-(20%bio)<br /> 1-(djesel); 2-(5%bio); 3-(10%bio); 4-{15%bio); 5-