Nghiên cứu chế tạo than hoạt tính từ tính dùng làm vật liệu hấp thu

NGHIEN cufu CHE TAO THAN HOAT TINH TUf TINH<br /> • •<br /> <br /> DUNG LAM V A T LIEU HAP THU<br /> • •<br /> <br /> CHU XUAN ANH, TA THj THAO, HO LAN PHl/aNG<br /> Khoa Hda hpc, TrUdng DH Khca hpc tu nhiin -<br /> Dai hpe Qude gia Hi NOi<br /> <br /> <br /> SUMMARY ""^<br /> The magnetic activated carbon particles were synthesized by modifying the activated carbon with<br /> iron oxide and cfiaracterized by analyzing the quantitative ofFe(II) and Fe(III) in material. The magnetic<br /> field effect in the separation using a magnet was also verified. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm of<br /> crystal violet was investigated and the maximum exchange capacity of the material was also determined.<br /> The magnetic activated carbon particles were suitable for removal of water soluble organic dye.<br /> <br /> <br /> I. Md DAU<br /> <br /> Trong cdng nghigp xQ ty nQdc thdi ndi chung va nude nhQng ldgi nude ngdm cd chQg hdm IQpng cacbon hQu<br /> thdi dgt nhuPm not rigng, ngudi ta thudnp sQ dgng cd hda tan cae. Logi thQ hai Id cdc nhga trae ddi cation<br /> phQdng phdp ddng tg, tpc hoge oxi hda, hdp thu. Tuy tQ tinh, cd khung cae phdn tQ chQa cac nhdm chQc cd<br /> nhign, nhQpc diem Idn nhdt eua cdc vgt ligu hdp thu khd nang tign ke't vdi cdc cation vd bae bpc cdc hgt oxit<br /> truyen thd'ng Id thdi gian ddng tg lau, sinh ra lupng chat sdt tQ, dQpc dung dg logi bd cdc cation kim logi ngng<br /> thdi Idn. VI vgy, hudng nghien cQu mdi phat trign gdn treng nude [7-8]. Ngoai hai logi kg tren, mdt sd vgt<br /> ddy la dQa thgm thdnh phdn mang tfnh ehdt tQ tfnh H^U hd'p thu khdc nhQ ede hgt mO,, chitosan cung<br /> vao cgu true vdt tigu. Cac vgt tigu ndy dupe digu chg chu dupc tQ tfnh hda dg tegi bd cdc ien kim logi [9-101.<br /> ygu eo kfch thude nhd, dign tfch be mgt rigng tdn ngn ^ ^ , , ,<br /> sau khi khudy, cae hgt tQ tfnh cc cgm vdi nhau thdnh ''•°"9 ^0 ede vgt tigu hdp thu sdn ed trong tg nhign<br /> mgt khd'i sa ldng, tach dg ddno khdi pha Idng. Da sd "^^^ ^d trdu, mun cQa, xd dQa..., than hcgt tfnh ed khd<br /> cdc hgt mgng tQ tfnh Id oxit sdt tQ [1-2]. VI vdy, tfnh "g^Q hd'p thu nhigu togi hpp chd't cd vO cd vd hQu cd<br /> chdt eua vgt ligu tQ tfnh phg thuOc rd't nhigu vdo kfch " g " thudng dgpc dung treng xQ ly hd'p thu cdc chd't co<br /> thudc hgt oxit sdt tQ chg' tgo dQpc. mdu vd mui [11].<br /> Phd bie'n nhdt trong cdc togi vgt tigu Id nhga trao ddi Jrong nghign cQu nay, than hogt tfnh tQ tfnh da dupc<br /> anion tQtfnh. Dgc digm ehung eua logi nay la khung cao ehe tgo bdng cdch dieu chg' oxit sdt tQ cung vdi than<br /> phan tQ cd ChQa cdc nhdm tfch dign dQdng vd bae bpc hogt tfnh vd Qng dgng d l logi chd't mdu hQu ed trong<br /> cac hgt cd tQ tinh [3-6]. Cae vgt ligu nay da dupc Qng nghg phlm nhupm vdi uu digm thdi gian ldng rd't nhanh<br /> dgng rOng rai treng xQ ty nQdc, dgc bigt higu qud vdi de cd tQ tfnh cao.<br /> <br /> H. THVC NGHIEM<br /> 1. Tong hcjfp oxit sSt tiif dm dUpc mdu vdt tigu A.<br /> 3 p^huong phdp dieu ehg' oxit sdt tQ da dQpc nghign PhUdng phip 2: Hda tan 2,78 gam FeS04.7H20 trong<br /> cifu gdm: 100mt nQdc ndng d 98°C. Tig'p tgc rdt tQ tQ dung djch<br /> PhUdng phip 1: Hda tan eung luc 0,025mot FeS04 ^^^^ ^,'^^^°^ ^9^: ^^^^^ '^{^ ^^ '^^^ ^.^^"^ ^^°J<br /> 7H2O va 0,025mol Fe(N03)3.9H20 trong lOOmt nudc ed't ^id. RQa ggn kgt tug 3 tan bdng ngdc cgj, giQ ket tua<br /> Thgm tQ tQ dunp djch chQa 0,2mol NaOH vde dung djch ° ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ *^°"9 ^" '^"'^' ^^'^^ ^^^ "^^ '^"^ ^•<br /> hdn hpp trgn va dieu chinh pH dg'n 11. Sau khi ket tua PhUdng phip 3: Sgc khf N2 vde binh ndn chQa SOmt<br /> hoan todn, tpc hgt chdn khOng. RQa s^ch ket tua thu nude ed't ddpc dun trgn bgp khudy tQ d 90°C. Thgm<br /> dQpc, sdy d 80°C treng 2 ngay, Id'y ra dg trong binh hut 2,78 gam FeS04.7H20 vdo binh ndn, sau dd nhd tQ tQ<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> o Hoa hpc & Ung dung<br /> Si 16 (ioo)/2oog<br /> tQng gipt dung djch KNO3 vg KOH tQ phgu chig't vao chfnh xdc, sau do xae djnh ddng thdi ham tgpng Fe(lt)<br /> binh ndn, sgc khi N2 thgm 20 phut va dun ndng ddng vg Fe(ltt) bdng phQOng phdp trdc quang sQ dgng hdn<br /> thdi khud'y dgu treng 1 gid. RQa ggn sdn phdm 5 tdn hpp thud'c thQ axit salysilic va o-phenantrolin [12].<br /> bdng ngdc Ignh. Thgm nudc cdt vgo huygn phu dgn thg<br /> tfch lOOmt, giQ sdn phdm d 4°C.<br /> 3. Kiem tra tinh chS't tiif tinh cua v^t lif u<br /> 2. Kiem tra thanh phSn oxit sdt DQdng eong tQ hda eua ede miu dd bdng phUdng<br /> Hda tan mdt IQpng exit sdt digu chg' dupe bdng hdn phdp tQ kg dign rung. TQ dQdng eong nay, tinh dQpc<br /> hpp H2SO4 25% va H3PO410%, djnh mQc dg'n thg tfch momen tQ bao hda.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> III. KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN<br /> <br /> 1. Ddc tinh cua oxit sdt tuf khodng 0,5mm, ban ddu d dgng xO'p sau dd chuyen<br /> sang dgng hgt mjn, cd hgt deu. Nhu vgy cgc oxit nay<br /> Trong 3 phQdng phdp dieu ehg' exit sdt tQ b trgn,<br /> rdt thfch hpp dg dQa vao cao phdn tQ eua cdc ehdt hdp<br /> miu vgt tigu A digu ehg' thee phuong phap 1 d dgng bgt<br /> thu, giup gidm kfch thudc hgt vgt ligu.<br /> mjn, khO, mau ngu den, ed hgt phg thuOe vdo qug trinh<br /> nghign. Miu vgt tigu B dieu chg' thee phuong phap 2 se<br /> khdng kigm sodt dupe ty Ig Fejtt) vg Fe(ttl) trong oxit,<br /> 2. Phan tich ty If Fe(II) va Fe(III) va kif'm<br /> sdn phdm ban ddu d dgng xOp bOng, sau dd chuyen<br /> tra tuf tinh cua vSt lif u<br /> ddn sang dgng hgt. Theo phUdng phdp 3 digu chg dupe Bing 7 td ty Ig hdm lupng Fe(tl) vd Fe(ltt) trong cdc<br /> cac miu vgt ligu oxit sdt tQ cd ky higu tQ C, dg'n Cs. Cie miu oxit Udt va khd khac nhau vd gia tn md men tQ M,<br /> oxit digu ehg thee cdch ndy d dgng hgt mjn kfch cd (emu/g) cua vdt ligu khi dgt trgng thdi bad hda.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bing f; Ty IQ Fe(ll) vi Fe(lll) trong thdnh phdn oxit sdt tir vd mO men tif<br /> <br /> Miu oxit A B C, Cz C3 C4 Cs Ce C; Cs<br /> Fe(tl): Fe(ltt) - 1,9:1 1,9:1 1,0:3 1:1 1:2,1 1:1,3 1:2,2 1: 2,3 1,5:1<br /> tVliu udt<br /> Fe(tl): Fe(ttt) 1:14,8 1:3,8 1:4,3 1:4,6 1:5,5 1:5,3 1:4,1 1:4,4 1:10,1 1:4,5<br /> Miu khd<br /> <br /> Ms (emu/g) - 78 - 56 - 63 62 63 - 61<br /> <br /> (cic miu ghi ky hi^u - W cic mSu khdng tien hinh xie djnh)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Kg't qud trgn cho thdy, d phuong phdp 1 vd 2 vdi cgc vgt ligu hdp thu.<br /> miu oxit A va B, ty tg Fe(tt): Fe(tlt) khdng kiem sodt<br /> dupe do khi sg'y khO, oxi khOng khf da oxi hda Fe(tl) 3. Ki§'m tra thcfi gian ldng cua oxit sdt<br /> thanh Fe(ltt). Theo phQdng phdp 3 khi dung ehd't oxi Ldy cae miu vgt ligu dieu che theo phuong phap 2<br /> hda td Kt\l03 kg't hpp vdi KOH se thu dQpc ty Ig Fe(tt): vd 3, thgm nude cdt, dg ldng tg do va dg ldng trong tQ<br /> Fe(lll) ^dn nhu mong mud'n. Tuy nhign, ty Ig ndy bj trgdng bdng each dgt tgn trgn nam ehgm. Kg't qud thu<br /> thay ddi khi sdy vl vgt ngn glQ vgt ligu d 4°C. dupc d bing 2 (trang bgn) eho thd'y ng'u khdng cd tQ<br /> Ket qud do tinh cua cac miu vgt ligu B, C2, C4, C5, trQdng thi oxit dieu ehg'theo phUdng phap 3 khi cd chdt<br /> Ce va Ca thu dupe d hinh 1 (trang bgn) cho thdy tQ oxi hda NO3 nhanh hdn theo phuong phap 2. Do vgy<br /> tinh kha cao va dn djnh. Vdng tQ trg chQng td dgy Id phuong phap 2 va phQOng phgp 3 se dQpc diJng de<br /> cdc oxit sdt ed tQ tinh va thfch hpp de dQa vao cac dieu che than hogt tinh tQ tinh.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hoa hpc & Ung dung<br /> Si 16 {ioo)l20og ' ^<br />  70-<br /> <br /> u- .-'<br /> <br /> / -<br /> 3 »<br /> 30' 1 l'.'' j' *<br /> JO -<br /> <br /> 0- 1 1 1 1 1<br /> 2 3<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> M&uCj MauC^<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> II<br /> <br /> <br /> MiuC, MauC<<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> MauB M^u d<br /> <br /> Hinh 1: Difofng cong tU hoa va vong tiif tre cua oxit sdt tuf<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> o Hoa hpc & Ung d u n g<br /> S*" 1 6 (lOo)/ 20og<br />  Bing 2: Thdi gian ldng (phut) cua oxit sdt tir<br /> <br /> Miu B Ci Cz Ca C4 Cs Ce C7 Ce<br /> Ldng tg do 60 15 15 15 15 15 15 IS 15<br /> Dgt vao tQ trupng 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2<br /> Hign tgpng Ldng xudng day, hgt xd'p Ldng sat xudng day, hgt mjn<br /> <br /> 4. VSt lif u hS^p thu tiif tinh va u^ng dung tinh thdng thudng (240 phut). Khi cd tQ trQdng cd hai<br /> vgt ligu nay chl edn 5 phut la ldng hodn toan. Khi cd<br /> a) Dieu che than ho^t tinh tCl tfnh<br /> tim tinh the thi ed hai togi vgt ligu nay dgu ldng rdt<br /> Vgt li$u than hogt tfnh tQ tfnh dQpc digu ehg' theo nhanh (10 phut), pha nude trgn b l mgt vgt ligu trd ngn<br /> phuong phap 2 vd phQdng phap 3 da md td d trgn, chi trong sud't eon than hogt tfnh cdn 180 phut mdi ldng,<br /> khac la ban dau cd thgm 0,5 gam than hogt tinh sigu trong khi dung dich vin rg't dgc.<br /> mjn. Theo phuong phap 2 vdt tigu thu dupc d dgng<br /> huygn phij hoi xO'p (vgt ligu Tl). Con theo phuong phdp d) Dung lU0ng hap thu tfm tinh the ct/c d$i cua<br /> 3_, sau khodng 20 phut, nhOng hgt vgt ligu mau den than ho^t tinh tU tinh<br /> lang hg't xudng ddy, hgt mjn hon nhung phdn than id<br /> iQng tang (vdt tigu T2). Vi vgy cdn tang td'c dg khudy. Ldc deu SOmI huygn phu cua hai logi vgt tigu da dilu<br /> chg' d trgn, la'y 2ml huygn phu vao cac binh ndn dung<br /> tfch SOmI, thgm vao cae binh dung djch tfm tfnh the<br /> b) XAc djnh thhnh phan cua than hoat tfnh<br /> (CV) cd ndng dp bie'n ddi tQ ISmg/L den 220mg/L, ldc<br /> tu tinh cac dung dich vdi td'c dp 80 vdng/phut trong 4 gip d<br /> Ldy 0,5 gam vgt ligu udt (giQ 6 4°C) vao cd'c chju nhigt dp phong. Lpc phdn dung djch trong vd do dp<br /> nhigt 2S0ml, thgm nude cat de'n 10ml va them 2ml hap thg quang cua dung dich d budc sdng cgc dgi cua<br /> H2SO4 dgc. Ngam 4 gid trong nudc dm, lpc qua gia'y Ipc tim tinh the (X = S90nm)^vdi dung djch so sanh la nude<br /> bang xanh vao binh djnh mQc SOmI, lie deu. Ket qud cat. Dga vao dudng chuan se xac dinh dupe IQpng tim<br /> xac djnh ty Ig ndng dp Fe(lt) va Fe(lll) trong dung djch tinh thg' chQa bj ha'p thu. Dung lupng hdp thu cua vgt<br /> tuong Qng la 1 : 1,3 (vdi vgt ligu Tl) va 1 : 1,6 (vdi vgt ligu dupc tinh tlieo phuong trinh Langmuir nhu sau:<br /> ligu T2). Dieu nay chQng td cd thg dieu chinh lupng<br /> chdt oxi hda d phQdng phap 3 dg tang IQpng Fe(tlt)<br /> trong vgt ligu tQ tinh nhdm tgo vgt ligu hdp thu dgt higu P b X q„3^ q^^<br /> qud cao nhdt.<br /> Trong dd: C: la ndng dp cuO'i (mg/L);<br /> c) Danh gii khi nSng ling cua vat li$u tU tfnh q va q^a,: Id lgpng tfm tinh thg hdp thu trgn<br /> Thf nghigm vPi 3 togi vgt ligu hdp thu Id 2 logi than vgt tigu tQ luc can bdng vd IQpng cQc dgi;<br /> hogt tfnh tQ tfnh chg' tgo theo phQdng phdp 2 (vgt ligu b: la hg sd hg'p thu.<br /> Tl) va than hogt tfnh tQ tfnh chg' tgo theo phQOng phap<br /> Dgng dudng bigu dign ed dgng y = A + Bx vdi y = C/q<br /> 3 (vgt ligu T2) dd'i chQng vdi tha_n hogt tfnh thdng<br /> va X la ndng dp ti'm tinh thg' ta se ed b = tga = Mq^^<br /> thQdng. Sau dd thQ dp ldng cua mdi logi vdi chdt can<br /> tQ dd se tinh dQpc dung lupng hg'p thu cgc dgi q^„.<br /> xQjy trong cdng nghg dgt nhupm la tfm tinh thg' (CV).<br /> Mdi logi vgt ligu igy 0,5 gam pha trong 100ml nudc, Ke't qud khdo sdt vdi vgt ligu Tl cho tha'y cQ 2mt<br /> IQpng tim tinh thg' thf nghigm la 200mg/L. huyen phu se vgt ligu nay hdp thu thu dupc tdi da<br /> Ket qud thgc nghigm eho thdy 2 logi vgt ligu than 3,9mg tim tinh thg hay 19Smg CV/g vgt ligu. Khao sat<br /> hogt tfnh tQ tfnh che tgo dQpc cd thdi gian tg ldng nhu tuong tg vdi vgt ligu 2 se tfnh dupc dung lupng ha'p thu<br /> nhau (25 phiit) va nhanh hdn nhieu lan so vdi than hogt cgc dgi la 220mg CV/gam vgt ligu.<br /> <br /> <br /> IV. KET LUAN<br /> Cdng trinh nay da nghign cQu ehg' tgc thdnh cdng trQdng (2 phut). Vgt tigu nay da dupc dung dg hdp thu<br /> than hogt tinh tQ tfnh trgn cd sd dieu chg' oxit sdt tQ tim tinh the vdi dung tupng hg'p thu cgc dgi khodng<br /> bang each ket tua hydroxit sdt tQ mud'i sdt (II) va sdt 220mg tim tinh thg'/gam vgt ligu. NhQng kg't qud nay<br /> (III) cd mgt chdt oxi hda KNO3 cung vdi than hogt tfnh eho thdy cd the Qng dgng than hogt tinh tQ tinh trong<br /> va say khd d 80°C. Theo each nay than hogt tfnh tQ tfnh xQ ly mdi trudng ndi chung va xQ ly cac chat thdi nganh<br /> dieu chg' dupc cd tQ tinh khd cae vd dn djnh, ldng rd't cdng nghigp dgt nhupm ndi rigng.<br /> nhanh d trgng thdi tg de (15 phut) vd khi dgt trong tQ (Xem tiep trang 47)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hoa hpc & Ung dung<br /> 5 / 1 6 (lOo)/20og O<br />  IV. KET LUAN<br /> Chung tOi da nghign cQu tgo gia vj mi an lign chua 2,8 digm). Bdng phQdng phap sdc ky Idng cao dp<br /> cay tQ nguygn ligu: Id 1,4g trOn vdi mud'i 1,2g, mi ehfnh (HPLC) da chl ra rdng cdu true cua axit (-) hydroxy<br /> 0,8g, dt 0,2g; vd qud bQa khO 0,1 g trOn vdi mudi 1,2g, xitric khdng thay ddi trong 02 logi gia vj tg tgo va hoan<br /> mi ehfnh 0,8g, dt 0,2g. Kg't qud ddnh gid edm quan todn cd the Qng dgng Idm gia vj mi an lign mpt each<br /> cho thdy 02 logi gia vj nay phii hpp vdi thj hig'u ciJa an toan.<br /> ngudi Vigt Nam, dgt chg't lgpng vdi gia vj mi an lign, TQ ket qud nay ed thg Qng dgng td vd vd qud bQa<br /> digm ehdt IQpng 13-13,1 diem vd diem trung binh cija dg lam gia vj eho mi an liln chua cay vQa ed tdc dgng<br /> cac chl tigu ChQa cd trpng IQpng 4,2 - 4,7 digm (IPn hdn ngon migng vQa eo tdc dgng chQa tn beo phi.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAI LI$U THAM KHAO<br /> 1. Ddo Hung Cudng, Dgng Quang Vinh (2007), "Xie tural and Food chemistry, 50(1): 10-22.<br /> djnh axit hdu cd tU li, vd qui bUa bing sic ky ldng 3. TCVN 5604-1991: Sin phim thUe f}him vi gia<br /> eao ip", Tgp ehf Khoa hpe vd Cdng nghg - Dgi hpe Dd vj - Diiu kiin chung de tien hinh dinh gii cim quan.<br /> Ndng, 3 (20), tr 137-143.<br /> 4. TCVN 3215-1979: Sin phim thi^c phim - phin<br /> 2. Jena BS, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP, Sakariah tfch dm quan - phUdng phip cho diem. *<br /> KK. (2002 Jan 2), "Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-<br /> hydroxycitrie acid from Garcinia", Journal of Agricul- NgUdi phdn bifn: GS, TSKH NGUYEN DINH TRI^U<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ::.*'^<br /> NGHIEN cufu CHE TAO...<br /> l.^"' (Ti^p theo trang 37)<br /> <br /> TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> [1]. Robert, C, Handly, A modern magnetic material [7]. Abrit 0., Yakup M. A., preparation and character-<br /> and applications. A Wiley- tnterscience publication, ization of magnetic potymethyl methaelylate mierobeads<br /> NewYork. 1998. carrying ethylene polyamide for removal of Cu(tl), Cd(tt),<br /> [2]. Chow, C, Cook D., Drikas M., Evaluation of mag- Pb(ll) and Hgfll) from aqueous solution. Journal d Ap-<br /> netic ion Exchange resin (MIEX) and alum treatment tor plied polymer Science, Vol. 78, 81-89, (2000).<br /> formation of disinfection by products and bacterial growth. [8]. Young K. K, Kun J. L., Synthesis of a magnetic<br /> Water Science and Technology, 2(3), 267 - 274 (2002). composite resin and Cobalt removal Characteristics in<br /> [3]. Moran J.Y., Bursilt O.B., Drikas M., Nguyen H., Sim- aqueous solution. Journal of Nuclear science and tech-<br /> ple method to reduce disinfection by product formation. Aus- nology. Vol. 38, No. 9, 785-792 (2001).<br /> tralian water and wastewater Association, 11th federal [9]. Towler P. G., Smith J. 0. Dixion D. R., magnetic<br /> conference prxeeding, Melbourne, Vol. 1 526 - 530 (1997). Recovery of Radium, lead, and Polonium from Seawater<br /> samples after Preconeentration on a magnetic adsor-<br /> [4]. Moran J.Y., Bursilt O.B. Y., Drikas M., Nguyen<br /> bent of MnO, coated magnetic. Anal. Chem. India. Vo.<br /> H.V.. A new technique for removal of natural organic 328, 53-59 (1996).<br /> matter. AWWA Watertech. conference proceeding, Syd-<br /> ney, 428-432 (1996). [10]. Tran Van Nhan, Ngd Thj Nga. Giao trinh cdng<br /> nghg xQ ty nQdc thdi. Nhd xudt bdn KHKT (1999).<br /> [5]. Nguyen H.V., Bursilt O.B., Drikas M., Moran<br /> J.Y., THM and drinking water- A new process for re- [11]. Hoang QuO'c Trupng, Cao Thj LTnh. Hda hpc<br /> thuo'c nhupm. NXB KHKT (1995).<br /> moval, Envir. Material 94, 19-21, Oct. proceeding Ku-<br /> talampur, Malaysia, p.59. ri2].Sajavi A., Abdollahi H., Speciation of Fe(ll) and<br /> Fe(ltl) with chromogenie Mixed Reagents by principal<br /> [6]. Nguyen H. V., Lunjki M., Bourke M.t., Drikas M.,<br /> Component Regression. Mierochemical Journal. Vol. 63,<br /> DOC removal by MIEX TM Process scaling-up and other 211-217 (1997).*<br /> development. Water and wastewater Association, Pro-<br /> ceeding 16-21 march, Melbourne, Australia, 373- 379. Ngudi phan bi^n: TS DO QUANG TRUNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> H o a h p c & Lfng d u n g<br /> 5*" 1 6 (ioo)/20og o<br />