NGHlfiN Ctru DANH GIA CAC M 6 HINH HXM KHI SINH HOC<br />
BIOGAS TAI V I £ T NAM<br />
<br />
D^NGHOHLUH"<br />
CLAUDE POTVIN<br />
ANNEMARIJE K. VAN DIJK<br />
PETER GEURTS<br />
<br />
I.Gl6lTHI$U phd biln hieu qui him phin hiy Biogas.<br />
Cic him khf sinh hpc (KSH) da cd mit tai Nghien cdu so sinh 02 md hmh dupe phd<br />
Vidt Nam ttt nhilu thip ky trudc. Cttng nhu biln rdng rai tai Vidt Nam li him vom va<br />
cic qudc gia khac, mdt sd md hinh khie him Biogas VACVINA (HTASC). Cic tidu<br />
nhau cia cac loai him KSH da dupc gidi chl dupc dinh gii gdm: 1) chdc nang ky thuit<br />
thidu, chu ylu li cic md hinh KSH quy md cia he thdng him KSH (sin xuit biogas,<br />
ho gia dinh vdi 4 loai chinh: tdi nilon, nip phucmg phip vta hinh va yeu ciu vl bao<br />
ndi, him vom (Deen bandhu, Trung Qudc, dudng theo thilt k l vi trong thuc tiln, dilu<br />
Vidt Nam KTl, KT2,...) vi hd thdng hybrid kidn hoat ddng cia him phSn hiy); ii) die<br />
(Sri Lanka floating drum, VACVINA trung cia ngudi s i dung (gidi, nhdm thu<br />
/HTASC). nhip, didn tfch ndng trang va hp gia dinh, ky<br />
Vl su phit triln cua thi trudng him KSH ning va trinh dd hpc vin, dia dilm-khf bau<br />
bin vihig, vide nhin nhan vl hoat dpng thuc vi khoang each din cic co s6 dl phd biln va<br />
tl hien nay cung nhu kinh nghidm cua nhttng bao dudng); va iii) die trung cia vide thilt<br />
ngudi s i dung la dilu mang tfnh quylt dinh. k l hoat ddng phd biln: lua chpn nhdm ddi<br />
Hiu hit cic danh gii hidn tai chi dua trdn tupng, phin phdi san phim vi nhin thdc, bao<br />
thilt k l xay dung, thdng sd ky thuat va hidu gdm ca viec dinh gia, co ciu bao dudng, mdi<br />
qua vl mat ly thuylt vl nhflng thdng tin nay trudng thi chl va dilu kien khf hau.<br />
sin cd va dd dang tilp cin cho ca cac ky su Du in niy do Vien Nghien cdu Mdi<br />
vi ngudi quan ly du in, Tuy nhidn, ngudi trudng va Phit triln bin vihig (lESD) thudc<br />
ndng dan lai trai nghidm mdt thuc tl khie Vien KHXH Viet Nam vi Trung tam Nghien<br />
vdi nhttng gi dupc cung cip trong hudng din cdu Phit triln bin vttng (CSTM) thudc Dai<br />
si dung va thidt kl. Quylt dinh mua/diu tu hpc Twente, Hi Lan phdi hpp thuc hien. Du<br />
va su hii Idng cia ngu&i s i dung khdng phu an s i dung nhilu ngudn tii lieu va phupng<br />
thupc vao cac dac dilm vin hanh ly thuylt phap thu thap dtt lieu. Thdng qua nghien cdu<br />
ma dua tren nhihig lpi fch nhin thde dupc va tai ban dinh gii cac tai lieu vi nghidn cdu tai<br />
su sin sang chi phi cho diu tu, cung nhu mdc chd vl boat ddng thuc t l cia cic him KSH;<br />
dd mi he thdng Biogas thuc su dap dng yeu phdng vin cac bdn lidn quan chfnh trong linh<br />
ciu vi ky vpng cia ngudi s i dung. vuc nhidn lidu sinh hpc tai Viet Nam, vi da<br />
Muc tidu chi ylu cia nghien cdu niy li tiln hinh khao sat theo mdt quy md ldn<br />
dinh gia tfnh phu hpp vi phan doan thi trong sd nhttng ngudi s i dung him KSH quy<br />
trudng cia cac md hinh him Biogas khac mO hd gia dinh.<br />
nhau hien dang cd mat tren thi trudng Viet<br />
Nam. Cac kit qua nghidn cdu se gidp fch cho Dang Hitu Luu, CN., Vien Nghien cdu Moi<br />
viee xac dinh nhttng dilu kien phu hdp nhit trudng vi Phit triln ben vihig; Claude Potvin,<br />
vi nhdm ddi tupng cia tttng md hinh, eung Chuydn gia tu vin d6c lap; Anemarije K. Van<br />
nhu nang cao kit qui thuc hien du an nhim Dijk, Peter Geurts, Dai hoc Twente, Ha Lan.<br />
<br />
EQ<br />
BSng HOu Luu, Claude Potvih, Anemarije K. Van Dijk, Peter Geurts - NghlSn cdu, dinh gii.<br />
<br />
Ngudn dtt lidu chi'nh cia nghidn cim li tim Hd tro phit triln ndng thdn (RDAC)<br />
ttt eudc khao sit 360 him khi sinh hpc tai 3 phit triln md hinh him vdm bin ciu bing<br />
linh cia Vidt Nam. Ngoii ra, mdt sd him composite/ferrocement va CCRD da gidi<br />
dupc khao sit theo chdc ning ky thuit thuc thidu mdt thilt k l hoan toan khac bidt cd<br />
tidn. Hon ntta, cic eudc phdng vin vdi cic ten "Him VACVINA cai tiln - Tu ddng<br />
bdn lidn quan cung cip thdng tin vl vide phi ving/HTASC)". Hon 6.000 him da<br />
phd biln thuc tiln vi chfnh sich siir dung dupc xiy dung tren ca nudc, ngoii ra con<br />
him KSH tai Vidt Nam cung da duoc tiln cd 3.559 him do ndng din tu xiy dung.<br />
hinh. Cudi cing, mdt hdi thio dinh gii, Nam 2003, mdt chuong trinh qudc gia vl<br />
chia se phan hdi vl cic phit hien cia KSH vi chan nudi do Chfnh phi Ha Lan tai<br />
nghidn cdu cung da dupc td chdc. Hoat trp thdng qua td chdc SNV vi do Cue Chan<br />
ddng dilu tra khao sit dupc tiln hanh d 3 nudi (B6 NN&PTNT) ddng thuc hien da<br />
tinh dai didn khu vuc dia ly Bic-Trung- dupc khdi xudng tai 12 tinh. Du an nay<br />
Nam cia Vidt Nam li: tinh Tuydn Quang thdc diy cic md hinh him vom (KTl va<br />
(khu vuc miln ndi phia Bic), tinh Thanh KT2). Tdi cudi giai doan thd nhit nam<br />
Hda (khu vuc miln Trung) va tinh Phd Ydn 2005, khoang 18.000 cdng trinh da dupc<br />
(khu vuc ven biln Nam Trung bd). lip dit. Giai doan thd hai (2006-2010) dat<br />
H. Bdi CANH v £ PHAT TRIj^N C 6 N G muc tieu lip dat 140.000 cdng trinh tai 54<br />
tinh thanh.<br />
NGHfe KHI SINH HOC TAI VlfiT<br />
NAM Nhin chung, trong 10 nim phat triln<br />
1. Thong tin ve ham phin huy sinh hoc (1995-2005), khoang 100.000 cdng trinh<br />
tai Viet Nam khf sinh hpc da dupc xay dung tai 61 tinh<br />
thanh cia Viet nam.<br />
Cdng nghd KSH dupc gidi thidu tai Vidt<br />
Nam vao nhttng nim 1960 theo Chuong 2. Chuong trinh ciia CCRD - VACVINA<br />
trinh Qudc gia vl ning lupng tii tao. Mdt CCRD la thanh vien cia VACVINA da<br />
sd md hinh da dupc gidi thieu la he thd'ng tham gia vio vide phd bie'n vi thuc diy<br />
him vom vi him nip ndi cia Vien Nang phit triln cic him khf sinh hpc quy md gia<br />
lupng, Sd Khoa hpc vi Cdng nghd tinh Ddng dinh vdi gii ca phai ching. Ban diu, CCRD<br />
Nai, va Dai hpc Cin Thd. Dd'n gitta nhttng triln khai cung cip hd thdng KSH bing tiii<br />
nam 1990, Dai hpc Ndng nghidp nhiet ddi ni-ldng gia re, thit nghidm mdt sd md hinh<br />
TP. Hd Chi Minh gidi thieu md hinh biogas dang nip vdm cia Trung Qudc, ghi nhan<br />
bang tui ni-ldng. Vdi lpi tbi chi phi thip vi nhttng y kiln cia ndng dan vi cic thach<br />
de dang lip dat, hang nghin hd thd'ng da thdc dit ra, sau dd thilt k l mdt md hinh vdi<br />
dupc lap dat d ca hai miln Nam, Bic Vidt sang kiln mdi cd chi phf thip va khdng doi<br />
Nam. Trung tam Nghidn cdu va Phit triln hdi nhilu cdng bao dudng (md hinh Him<br />
Cdng ddng ndng thdn (CCRD) hpp tac cing VACVINA cai tie'n Tu phi vang hay<br />
Trung Udng Hdi lam vudn Vidt Nam HTASC).<br />
(VACVINA) la hai co quan chfnh thuc diy<br />
cdng nghd nay. Chiln lupc hinh ddng cia CCRD dua<br />
trdn hudng tid'p cin dinh hudng thi tru&ng<br />
Tu nam 2000 trd di, rit nhilu du an khi gdm: nhudng quyln thuong hidu, thanh lip<br />
sinh hoc da nhin dupc tai trp td cac td chdc vi dio tao dpi ngu ky thuit vidn, chfnh ddi<br />
qudc t l khac nhau. Trong giai doan nay, ngu nay se tiln hinh xiy dung, lip dat cac<br />
hai md hinh mdi do cic td chdc Viet Nam him KSH. Dua vao nhttng phan hdi do cic<br />
phat trien cung dupc gidi thidu. Trong hd ndng din dja phuong cung cip, chiln<br />
khudn khd Chuong trinh Qudc gia vl Cung lupc marketing tip trung vio quang bi cac<br />
cip nudc sach va vd sinh mdi trudng, Trung lpi ich hip din cia hd thdng tdi cic khach<br />
<br />
W g / i / S n c i , . . " . ' - • " . • ' ' , ' " '— - " " " " -"-i—'•
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