KHOA HOC CONG NGHE<br />
<br />
<br />
IXIGHIEIV CUU X A Y DUIVG V A HOAlV THIEIV QUY TRIIVH<br />
X U LY IVUIJC CAP V A IVUQC THAI PHUC VU SAIV XUAT<br />
GidlVG HAI SAIV<br />
Nguygn Thi Mmh\ Vii VSn DOngS Cao Van Hanh^<br />
T6MTAT<br />
Trong nudi trong thuy hai san, dac biet la frong san xuat gidng thi nguon nudc cap co vai fro quan trgng.<br />
Tuy nhien, do nhieu nguyen nhan, ngudn nudc cap thudng khong dat tieu chuan. Ket qua nghien ciiu da<br />
dua ra quy trinh xu ly nudc cap va nudc thai phuc vu san xuat gidng hai san. Co the sir dung rong bien vdi<br />
khoi lugng tir 1000 - 1500 g/m' nudc cung vdi che pham sinh hgc de xu ly nguon nudc cap va nudc thai<br />
frong frai san xuat gidng tdm, ca. COng cd the diing ludi ni long cfl de lam chat mang frong he thong lgc<br />
sinh hgc. Cii 45 kg ludi dung cho mgt he thdng be lgc 3,5 m' vdi luu tdc 900-15001/h trong dieu ki6n co sue<br />
khi, c6 the lgc tuan hoan nudc frong be uam nudi torn, ca con hoac tai su dung nudc man trong frai san<br />
xuat giong.<br />
Tut khod: Nudc cdp, nudc thai, hi thong loc sinh hoc, rong bien, luoi ni long, sdn xudt giong thuy hai sdn.<br />
<br />
<br />
I. DAT VAN OE viec Ilm can thiet nham giai quyet mdt phan khd<br />
khan fren.<br />
Di tiin tdi chii ddng con gidng phuc vu chg nudi<br />
frdng thuy san, rat nhiiu cic frai san xuat gidng dugc n. PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU VA CACH BO TRJ THl NGHIEM<br />
xay dung b ven bien tai cac tinh: Quang Ninh, Hii 1. Thu thap thdng tin<br />
Phdng, Thli Binh, Nam Dinh, Thanh Hgl, Nghe An, Thu thap nhirng thdng tin v i xu ly nudc phuc vu<br />
HI Tinh. Tuy sd lugng frai gidng khdng nhiiu, phan san xuat nhan tag tdm gidng: Thdng qua thu thap cic<br />
bd thua nhung da sd cic frai san xuat gidng tdm bien fli heu da cdng bd frgng thu vien, cic vien nghien<br />
cua cic tinh phia Bac xay dung frong viing ndi dia Cliu vl khai thic Internet.<br />
nen viec cung cap vl du trii ngudn nudc man khd<br />
2. Khio sit b6 sung hi6n frang cic frai sin xult<br />
khan. Nhiiu frai gidng d Dd San, Bang La, Tien<br />
gidng vk mdi trudng<br />
Lang, Cau Re... da dung tau chd nudc man cung cap<br />
chg frai. Khag sit hien frang ngudn nudc cap vl thli ciia<br />
cic frai gidng: Khag sit trirc tiep frai gidng dang hgat<br />
Sgng ngudn nudc cap thudng it dat tieu chuan la<br />
ddng frgng cic thing.<br />
do: Miia mua nudc lii tii thugng ngudn dd xudng Ilm<br />
chg dd man thap. Nudc lu mang nhiiu chat hiiu ca Theg ddi mdt sd yeu td mdi trudng nudc nggii<br />
tdn dgng frgng mua khd chay xudng vting ciia sdng ctia sdng (noi cap nudc cho cic frai gidng) vl frgng<br />
Ilm chg k h i nang nudc bi d nhiim cag. Mdt sd vung he thdng ao chtia.<br />
chiu anh hudng bdi nudc thai khu dan cu, b i n cang, 3. Phuong phip phSn tich mdt sd y^u td mdi<br />
ndng nghiep vl nudc thai ciia cic frai lan can. Viec trudng<br />
xu ly ngudn nudc cap vl luu giti, xu ly sinh hgc nudc<br />
Phan tich cac tinh chat h o l hgc chti yiu cua<br />
thai frgng he thdng tuan hgin kin v l tai sti dung chg<br />
nudc theg hudng din cua tai heu "Standard methgds<br />
cac frai gidng se giti lai dugc nudc cd dd man cag,<br />
fgr the analysis gf the water and wast water" APHA,<br />
ban che dugc mam benh tii ben ngoli phuc vu cho<br />
1989 va fli lieu "Hudng din phan tich mlu chg ao<br />
san xuat d cic frai gidng hien dang dugc nhiiu ngudi<br />
nudi thuy san ciia Claude E. Boyd & Craig Stueker"<br />
quan tam.<br />
vdi may Quang phd UV/vis - Hitachi, Model: U-2010<br />
Vi vay, nghien ciiu xay dung quy frinh xu ly frong Phdng thi nghiem Mdi trudng - Benh cua Tram<br />
nudc cap vl fli sii dung cho frai san xuat gidng 11 NCTS Nudc la-RLAl.<br />
Do dd man bing miy do khuc xa (may do chief<br />
xuat).<br />
' Cue Nuoi trdng thuy san, Vien Nghien ciiu Nudi frdng<br />
thuy san 1<br />
<br />
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 7 - THANG 7/2009 59<br />
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE<br />
<br />
, Do nhiet dd bang nhiet ke thuy ngan. dugc chly tii fren xudng dudi (bi lgc) vl fran len be<br />
Do him lugng dxy hol tan (DO) frong cic Id thi mat bi ugng (sa dd 1).<br />
nghiem ngay va dem bang miy do dxy Model:<br />
ProfiLine Oxi 197-S.<br />
- Xic dinh pH hing ngly bang pH meter.<br />
4. Phuong phip b6 tri thi nghifem<br />
a. Thi nghiem xu ly nu&c bang rong cdu chi vdng<br />
Sa dd thi nghiem: Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh<br />
frgng 3 be cd dung tich 3,5 ml Trgng dd 2 bi cd bd<br />
sung rgng cau chi vlng vdi lugng 3.140 g (bi 1),<br />
4.710 g (bi 2), 3.260 g (be 3) cdn be thii (4) khdng<br />
bd sung rong cau.<br />
Dieu kien thi nghiem: Nudc dugc lay tii ag chtia,<br />
rgng cau dugc thu ggm frgng ag dang d giai doan S(yd6l<br />
sinh frudng tdt. Nhiet dd va Inh sing thay ddi theg - Nudc thi nghiem tii cac bi dang uong cl gidng.<br />
til nhien. CIc bi thi nghiem dugc sue khi 24/24. Luu lugng nudc lgc qua 11 1.500 1/h (miy bgm lgc<br />
Chi tieu kiem fra: NH/, P04^, NOj", NO3- & sinh hgc ctia Trung Qudc, theo ly thuyet). Bd fri he<br />
BOD5 (nhu cau dxy chg qui frinh sinh hgl frgng 5 thdng sue khi frong bi chiia nudc vl bi lgc. Trudc<br />
ngay) frgng cac bi thi nghiem. khi nudc dugc bgm tuan hgan sang be lgc thi be<br />
ugng dugc bd sung 0,5 g chi pham sinh hgc frgng<br />
b. Thi nghiem lgc sinh hoc bang logi chdt mang la<br />
mdt ml Trong be lgc sinh hgc vl bi uang diu bd fri<br />
lu&i ni long cU he thdng sue khi 24/24.<br />
- Thi nghiem dugc tiin hinh frgng cic be cd<br />
He thdng lgc sinh hgc va bi uang dugc bd fri d<br />
dung tich 4000 1 va bi lgc sinh hgc la 500 1frongdd<br />
nhiet dd vl anh sing ttr nhien.<br />
02 bi cd chiia 45 kg ludi cu vdi 2 a = 2 - 3 cm, cdn be<br />
thli 3 khdng cd bi Igc sinh hgc. Ludi cu dugc tuyen Chi tieu kiim fra 11 t°C, DO, pH, NH4*, NO2" va<br />
chgn ky vl xip thanh timg ldp. Giiia cic ldp cd vIch NO3.<br />
ngan bang cic tam ludi ni ldng hoac ludi inox. Nudc c. Xu ly nguon nu&c cdp cho trai gidng (sa do 2)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Ao chiia-xu ly nudc thai<br />
(Rd phi vl rong cau)<br />
<br />
<br />
1. Ao chiia, du tru- nudc man 4. Satodo 7. B6 de, uang - ap & nudi tao.<br />
2. BS chiia - xii ly nudc 5. B6 lgc thd 2. 8. B6 uang Z - M<br />
3. Loc thd 1. 6. Be loc tinh. 9. 86 uang P| - P15.<br />
<br />
Sad62<br />
„, , i , ,_. - 1 .' u ' ' 1' J. • .*- sang Igc thd vl lgc tinh su dung chg uang nudi au<br />
Nudc dugc bam tii ag vao be chua - xu ly tai day trimg<br />
""^"^ va<br />
• ^ gay<br />
"'" nudi tag. Nudc thai<br />
•. dugc thu ^vi ga vl<br />
nudc dugc bag hga dxy, xii ly hgl hgc vl xii ly sinh<br />
chuyen sang ag xu ly.<br />
hgc (bdn chi pham vi sinh, rong tao) sau dd chuyin<br />
<br />
<br />
60 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 7 - THANG 7/2009<br />
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHE<br />
<br />
Kiem fra chat lugng nudc ag chiia, b i xii ly, bi chg biit, frgng vung frieu tii Quang Ninh den Quang<br />
uong, ga thu chat thli vl ao xii ly sinh hgc. Binh da cd nei bi d nhiim d miic trung binh den cag.<br />
d. Du thdo quy trinh xu ly nu&c cdp vd nu&c thdi & Theo Luu Van Dieu (1991), tai cang Hai Phdng va<br />
trai sdn xudt gidng khu vuc Ian can da do dugc ham lugng dau frgng<br />
nudc dat 0,2 - 3,4 mg/1 va frgng dat la 1,1 - 4,0 mg/1.<br />
Dua fren fli lieu thu thap dugc, kit qua khag sit<br />
hien frang vl cic thirc nghiem vi xii ly sinh hgc b. Hien trgng nguon nu&c cdp vdo trai gidng cua<br />
ngudn nudc cap & nudc thai... di du thao xay dtmg cdc tinh ven bien phia Bac<br />
quy trinh. Thu miu va kit qui phan tich mdt sd yeu td thuy<br />
ly, thuy hoa ngoli ciia cdng va frgng dam viing ciia<br />
e. Ung dung quy trinh xu ly nu&c & quy mo sdn<br />
xudt sdng Lach Tray chg thay:<br />
Sg vdi tieu chuan cua ngudn nudc cap chg cic<br />
He thdng dugc van hinh di phuc vu dgt san xuat<br />
frai sin xuat gidng tdm, cl thi nudc cap viing cua<br />
gidng tdm rag, gidng Cl ra va gidng cl.<br />
sdng Lach Tray cd chat lugng rat thap:<br />
in. KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LOAN<br />
Dd man giam dan tii thing 1 din thing 9.<br />
1. Hi6n frang tinh hinh xii 1^ nudc d p cho cic CIc chi tieu NH%, NO2, BOD5, COD (nhu clu<br />
frai sin xult gidng dxy chg qui frinh hga hgc) tang dan tir thing 1 den<br />
a. Bien dong moi trucmg nu&c Men cua cdc tinh thing 9, clng ve sau miic dd d nhiim cang cag.<br />
ven bien phia Bac Rd rang frong nhirng thing miia mua ngudn<br />
Nhin chung, dd man d cic tinh ven biin phia nudc lii d cac sdng, su nia frdi vl su phlf frien - tin<br />
Bac cao nhat 11 30,4%o vl thap nhat 1110,3%o, cao vi lui ciia rgng tag... da Ilm cho nudc vting ven bien cd<br />
miia khd va thap vi miia mua. Clng sau vio viing xu thi bi d nhiim.<br />
ciia sdng hoac ven sdng dd man clng thap, nhiiu Kit qua khao sat ngudn nudc cap cho cic frai<br />
diim mita mua dd man chi dat 0%g - 5%g. sin xuat gidng d cac huyen ven bien phia Bac tii<br />
Do due: Dd due ctia ngudn nudc cQng 11 mdt yiu Mdng Cii din Ha Tinh cho thay:<br />
td quan frgng anh hudng den chat lugng nudc cap Da sd cac frai sin xuat gidng cic loli hai san<br />
chg cic frai sin xuat gidng. Viing ven biin tii Quing kinh ti d cac tinh ven biin phia Bac nam frong viing<br />
Ninh den Quang Binh cd the chia thanh 2 khu vuc cd ndi dia chiu su chi phdi cua vung ciia sdng, dd man<br />
dd due nhu sau: thap.<br />
Viing cd dd due thap gdm khu vuc Dd San, Nudc cap vlg frai gidng chiu sir tac ddng cua<br />
Mdng Cai vl chau thd sdng Ma. Dd due cag nhat d nudc thai sinh hgat, du lich, mua lu nen chat lugng<br />
day frgng mua mua dat 350 - 500 mg/m^ nudc. kem, nhat la d cac thing frong miia mua Iti.<br />
Nudc cap cho cic frai san xuat dugc chtia frgng<br />
Vung cd dd due cag 11 khu vuc chau thd sdng<br />
cic ag, bi hgac van chuyen fir xa thdng qua xl Ian,<br />
Hdng.<br />
tlu.<br />
Hdm lugng mudi dinh duang: Mudi dinh dudng Miic chi phi chg cung cap nudc cag vl tuong ddi<br />
frgng nudc cd y nghia quan frgng, 11 ca sd di danh khd khan (pha them mudi, nudc dt hoac van<br />
gia dd phgng phu vl nang suat thuy vtrc. Ngudn nudc chuyin...).<br />
cap chg cic frai sin xuat gidng tdm ca him lugng<br />
2. Mdt sd k^t qui thii nghi$m Ilm sach nudc mdi<br />
mudi dinh dudng cang thap clng tdt. NH/ & NO2"<br />
trudng<br />
thudng giy ddc hai cho au tning tdm, cl. Mdt sd kit<br />
qua tham dinh mdi trudng nudc d mdt sd dim nudi a. Ldm sach nu&c moi truang bang rong tdo<br />
hai sin tii Dd Sgn den Mdng CII chg biit: Hau hit Kit qua thi nghiem dugc the hien qua bang 1<br />
cic dam nudi hien nay rat ngheg dinh dudng (NH/ : cho thay:<br />
0,002 - 0,03 mg/I, NOs": 0,037 mg/1, SIOz^": 0,065 Him lugng nifrit, amgnia, COD, BOD giim<br />
mg/1, P04^: 0,018-0,06 mg/1). manh 0 eke Id thi nghiem sg vdi ddi chiing sau 14<br />
Bien dong hdm lugng cdc chdt khi, ddu, kim logi ngly xu ly.<br />
ndng dgc hgi trong nu&c viing triiu: Mdt sd tac gia<br />
<br />
<br />
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 7 - THANG 7/2009 61<br />
KHOA HOC CONG NGHi<br />
<br />
BIng 1. K^t qui phin tich cic y^u td thiiy ly, BIng 3. Kdt qui thi nghifem lgc sinh hpc vdi chit<br />
t lAy hda frong c i c 16 thi nghifm mang 11 ludi ni ldng cQ<br />
Thdi gian Y^utd Ld tbi nghifim Thdi gian Y^utd L6 tbi nghiem<br />
phdn tich 1 2 3 Doi lly mlu Ldi Ld2 LdDC<br />
chiing phdn tich<br />
pH 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 pH 7,8 7,8 7,8<br />
t°C 29,7 29,7 29,7 29,7 tCC) 28 28 28<br />
Trudc khi S (%o) 13,0 13,0 13,0 13,0 Trudc khi S (%o) 15 15 15<br />
tha rong NH4*(mg/I) 0,302 0,302 0,302 0,302 xuly DO (mg/I) 4,5 4,5 4,5<br />
cau NO/ (mg/l) 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 B0D5(mg/l) 6,2 6,2 6,2<br />
BODS (mg/1) 4,73 4,73 4,73 4,73 COD (mg/1) 7,92 7,92 7,92<br />
COD (mg/1) 5,87 5,87 5,87 5,87 NO/(mg/I) 0,061 0,061 0,061<br />
pH 8,1 8,1 8,1 8,0 NH4* (mg/I) 0,160 0,160 0,160<br />
t°C 30,0 30,0 30,0 31,0 pH 7,8 7,8 8,0<br />
Sau khi S (%o) 14,5 14,5 14,5 14,5 Sau 1 ngay t(°C) 28 28 28<br />
tha rong NH4Mmg/l) 0,11 0,13 0,12 0,40 S%o 15 15 15<br />
cau 14 NO/ (mg/i) 0,007 0,003 0,005 0,050 DO 5,4 5,4 5,4<br />
ngay B0D5 (mg/1) 1,40 1,77 1,57 3,47 BOD, (mg/1) 6,0 5,9 6,1<br />
COD (mg/1) 2,33 2,77 2,37 5,00 COD (mg/1) 7,72 7,62 7,86<br />
Ld ddi chiing, him lugng nifrit, amgnia, COD, NO/(mg/1) 0,043 0,057 0,061<br />
NH4* (mg/1) 0,137 0,146 0,151<br />
BOD Cling giam dan theg fhdi gian nhung vin d mtic<br />
pH 8,0 7,9 8,1<br />
cag.<br />
t(°C) 26 24 26<br />
Dd man frgng cic Id thi nghiem cd xu hudng Sau 12 ngay S (%o) 15 15 15<br />
tang dan, cd le la dg su bde hai hang ngay. DO (mg/1) 6,4 6,1 5,3<br />
Sau mdt thdi gian thi nghiem rgng cau frgng be B0D5(mg/l) 1.9 1.7 5,5<br />
tang sinh khdi dang ki, tii khdi lugng trung binh ciia COD (mg/1) 3,9 3,7 6,1<br />
3 be 113703 g sau 14 ngly tang len 4623 g (tang them NO/(mg/1) 0,002 0,002 0,066<br />
24,8%). Mdi ngay tang 1,77% (bang 2). NH4* (mg/1) 0,056 0,042 0,158<br />
<br />
Kit qui fren day phu hgp vdi quy luat sinh Nhiet dd khdng chi anh hudng true tiip din qua<br />
trudng vl phit friin cua rong cau chi vang frong ao, trinh tdn tai va phat trien ciia vi sinh vat ml cdn tao ra<br />
dam nudc Ig. cac chiing vi sinh vat cd do thich iing khac nhau, tic<br />
ddng din cac phan ting sinh hga cua vi sinh vat<br />
BIng 2. Sinh khdi rong ckn tang sau thdi gian thi<br />
nghiem 14 ngly Nggai nhiet dd va lugng dxy hgl tan thi gia tri pH<br />
B^tiii Khdi lugng (g) cung cd anh hudng true tiep den qua trinh sdng ciia vi<br />
nghiem Bat diu till Sau 14 %tang sinh vat. Thdng thudng, pH thich hgp chg vi sinh vat<br />
nghiem ngdy tha sinh khdi nam frgng khgang 6,8 - 7,4 neu pH bien ddi va nlm<br />
Bel 3.140 4.101 130,6 frong khoang pH > 8 vl pH < 6 se kim ham quan tiii vi<br />
Be 2 4.710 5.565 118,1 sinh vat vl hieu qua xii U cua chung. Bdi vay, viec theo<br />
Be 3 3.260 4.205 128,9 ddi anh hudng ciia cac chi tieu DO, pH, vl t°C len hgat<br />
Trung binh 3703 4623 124,8 ddng sdng cua vi sinh vat 11 rat can thiit frong lgc sinh<br />
b. Thi nghiem loc sinh hgc bdng logi chdt mang la hgc. Trgng cac Id thi nghiem biin ddng cua cic yeu td<br />
lu&i ni long cU pH, t°C va DO deu nlm frong gidi ban thuan lgi chg<br />
cac nhdm vi sinh vat hieu khi.<br />
Trudc khi he thdng lgc hgat ddrig, nudc frgng<br />
cac be thi nghiem dugc sue khi manh frong 24 gid Kha nang khii nifrit va amonia ciia he thdng lgc<br />
sau dd bdn chi pham EPICIN-3W vdi him lugng 10 sinh hgc cd chat mang la ludi cu chg kit qua rd ret<br />
ppm va bat dau cho quay vdng nudc. Cti sau 4 ngay nhat sau ngly thii 12. Ham lugng NH4* vl NOj' giam<br />
quay vdng thi kiim fra cac dieu kien mdi trudng mdt dan tii 0,160 va 0,061 mg/I khi chua xir ly xudng<br />
lan. Kit qua thi nghiem dugc ghi lai d bang 3. 0,056 va 0,002 mg/1 d Id 1; 0,042 mg/1 vl 0,002 mg/1<br />
did 2.<br />
<br />
62 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 7 - THANG 7/2009<br />
4<br />
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHE<br />
<br />
Tieu hag dxy sinh hgc v l h g l hgc d i giim dan tii cua rgng bien v l tieu thu chat thai ran ciia rd phi thi<br />
ngly dau hgat ddng ciia he thdng chg den ngly thii chat lugng nudc dugc cai thien ca ban.<br />
12.<br />
BIng 4. CIc ydu td mdi trudng b ao chtia, nudc<br />
O Id ddi chiing mtic dd giim thiiu cua cic yeu td sau khi lgc, nudc b ga thu v l ao xu ly sinh hgc qua 3<br />
hgl hgc cham ban sg vdi cac Id cd bd tri he thdng lgc Iin thttc nghifem<br />
sinh hgc. Diiu dd chting td n i u chi sue khi thi miic \ . Dia diem Ao chiia Nudc Nudc Ao xu<br />
chuyen h g l cic yeu td mdi trudng cham. nudc sau thaid ly sau<br />
CIc k i t qua nghien ctiu fren day phu hgp vdi Yeu to \ . khdng cd khi lgc gathu 7 ngay<br />
nhtrng k i t qui ciia Vu Dung; Dang Dinh Kim v l sue khi<br />
Nguyin Tiin Cu, 2002. Lanl<br />
Nhu vay, theo cich nay ngudn nudc man frong NO/ (mg/1) 0,061 0,004 0,80 0,009<br />
NH/ (mg/1) 0,160 0,005 9,12 0,011<br />
cic frai sin xuat gidng tdm, c l frong vimg ndi dia,<br />
Oxy (mg/1) 2,6 >7 1,7 5,1<br />
hgac nhting frai nam frgng viing nudc bi d nhiim<br />
pH 7,3 7,8 7,3 7,8<br />
hgIn tgan cd t h i fli su dung lai b i n g cgn dudng Igc<br />
t"C 27 27 28 28<br />
tuan hgln. COD (mg/1) 8,92 3,92 43,2 4,22<br />
c. Ket qud thi nghiem vi xie ly nguon cdp nu&c vd Lan 2<br />
nu&c thdi NO/ (mg/1) 0,058 0,003 0,98 0,008<br />
Nudc frgng ag chiia dugc bam vlg b i chtia - lang NH/ (mg/I) 0,168 0,004 8,11 0,007<br />
sue bag hgl dxy, xu ly hga chat, trung h g l h g l chat Oxy (mg/1) 2,2 >7 1.3 5,4<br />
du thiia vl xu ly sinh hgc (che pham vi sinh) lgc sach pH 7,5 7,8 7,1 7,9<br />
vl cap chg be uang. Nudc thli dugc thu gom vio ao t"C 28 27 28 27<br />
chiia (800 m^) tai day cd frdng rong cau, fhl c l rd phi COD (mg/1) 8,02 4,11 56,2 5,21<br />
va bdn c h i pham vi sinh YK3 mdi tuan mdt lan. Kit Lan 3<br />
qua thi nghiem dugc t h i hien d bang 4. NO/ (mg/1) 0,072 0,005 0,79 0,009<br />
NH/ (mg/1) 0,171 0,003 7,16 0,009<br />
Kit qua nghien ciiu chg thay:<br />
Oxy (mg/1) 2,7 >7 2,1 5,7<br />
Him lugng cic chat cd gdc nita, COD frgng ag 7,7 7,0 7,6<br />
pH 7,1<br />
chtia va ga thu (nudc thli tii b i uong) tuong ddi cao t°C 29 28 28 27<br />
vl ham lugng dxy thap. COD (mg/1) 8,88 3,56 36,9 4,16<br />
Sau khi xii ly (bag hga dxy, bdn chi pham sinh hgc)<br />
3. Dtr thio quy trinh cdng nghd xti ly nudc d p<br />
tiii chat lugng nudc tdt cd fhi cung cap chg b i ugng.<br />
v l nudc thli cho frai gidng<br />
Trgng ag xii ly (800 m ^ sau 7 ngly bdn che<br />
pham vi sinh, nhd su hap thu cic chat dinh dudng a. Sa do quy trinh cong nghe xu ly nu&c cho todn<br />
trai<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
^<br />
A y<br />
He thong loc sinh / ^ A-^ nul ban dIu thli nghiem holn thien ky thuat uong ca<br />
Ty le song cua au trung ca Gio uong frgng dieu ^"'^ "'"' un s . j- ^. i^ """s<br />
, .. • UiU'• ' - ' 1 *, J-- Aj an tu nhien dugc gay nudi frgng ag nudctan<br />
Gid frgng diiu kien nudc Ig fren ca sd Ig.dung thiic<br />
kien sinh thai cua vung nuac Ig tuong doi cao so vai vjiu uuns uic . uung ui<br />
mdt sd khu vuc khac, tuy nhien day mdi chi la kit<br />
64 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - SO 7 - THANG 7/2009<br />
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE<br />
<br />
<br />
c. Ket qud thi nghiem sdn xudt gidng torn sii vd ven bd miin Bac Viet Nam. Bag cao khoa hgc. Trung<br />
torn rao tam Nghien ctiu Biin Hai Phdng.<br />
Trgng nam 2002 Tram Nghien ciiu cl nudc Ig da (2) Luu Van Dieu, 1991. Dac diim chi do Thuy<br />
fg chiic sin xuat gidng tdm rag vdi tdm me bat tii Cit hgl vimg biin ven bd Hai Phdng. Tai nguyen va mdi<br />
Bl, ngudn nudc d ag chtia 5000 m^ dugc pha them trudng. Big cao khga hgc. Trung tam Nghien ciiu<br />
mudi NaCl vl dugc xii ly bang chi pham vi sinh. Kit biin Hai Phdng.<br />
qui cic dgt ugng nudi au tning cl ty le sdng khi cag. (3) Phan Nguyen Hdng, 1984. Danh gia tai<br />
Dgt 1: Giai dgan Zoea hi su co chap mat dien nguyen he sinh thai rfmg ngap man vl vai frd ciia<br />
frgng nhi xudng, au trirng hi chef nhiiu vl sd cdn lai rimg ddi vdi ngudn Igi hai san. Hdi thag khga hgc vi<br />
rat yeu dg vay da buy bd dgt sin xuat nay. he sinh thai rtmg ngap man tai Ha Ndi.<br />
Dgt 2: Giai dgan nly ty le au tning chuyen sang (4) Tran Diic Thanh, 1991. Dac diim ca bin ciia<br />
giai dgan tru cdt (pgst) khi cag (80%). Tuy nhien cic bdn tich tu hien tai tieu biiu d dii ven bd Tay<br />
frong qua frinh uong fir PI den P15 ty le sdng thap vinh Bac bd. TII nguyen va mdi trudng. Trung tam<br />
chi dat 20% do cdng nhan cham sdc vl quan ly chua Nghien ciiu biin Hai Phdng. Nha Xuat ban Khga hgc<br />
tdt. Ky tiiuat.<br />
Dgt 3 vd dot 4: Ty le sdng ctia au tning qua cic (5) Vd Thi Hanh, Le Thi Bich Phugng, Le Tan<br />
giai dgan tugng ddi cag. Hung, Truang TTii Hdng Van, Tran Thanh Phgng, Vd<br />
Viec dung nudc xu ly sinh hgc tuan hgln frgng Minh Sgn & Le Thi Nga, 2004. Kit qua khag nghiem<br />
ugng nudi au trung tdm cd hieu qua cag, ban chi chi pham VEM & BIOF fren ag nudi tdm su. Hdi<br />
dugc viec dung khing sinh vl hda chat di xti ly nudc thig fgln qudc vi nghien ciiu va iing dung khga hgc<br />
va phdng fri benh chg au tning. cdng nghe frgng nudi frdng thuy sin. Nha Xuat ban<br />
IV. KET LUAN VADE NGHI Ndng nghiep, 2005.<br />
1. Da sd cic frai sin xuat gidng cic Igli hii sin (6) Vd Thi Thli, Truong Ba Hiing, Nguyin Mtnh<br />
kinh ti d cic tinh ven bien phia Bac nam frgng vung Dugng, La Thi Nga, Le thu Hiin, Pham Minh Ha, Le<br />
ndi dia chiu su chi phdi cua vimg ciia sdng, dd man Dganh Tgai, Nguyin Trudng Son & Dao TTii Thanh<br />
thap. Nudc cap vlg frai gidng chiu su tic ddng ciia Xuan, 2004. Nghien ctiu ting dting Bacillus subtilus.<br />
nudc thai sinh hgat, du lich, mua lu nen chat lugng Bacillus megaterum. Bacillus lichniformis &<br />
kem, nhat la vlg cic thing frgng miia mua lu. Lactobacillus acidophilus de san xuat chi pham sinh<br />
hgc xu ly nudc nudi thuy san. Hdi thao toan qudc vi<br />
2. Cd the sii dung rgng bien vdi lugng fir 1000 -<br />
nghien ciiu va iing dung khoa hgc cdng nghe frgng<br />
1500 g/m^ nudc, che pham vi sinh di xu ly ngudn nudc<br />
nudi frdng thuy sin. Nhi Xuat ban Ndng nghiep, 2005.<br />
cap vl nudc thaifrgngfraisan xuat gidng tdm, cl.<br />
(7) Vd Thi Thli, Trucmg Ba Hung, Nguyin<br />
3. Cd thi dung ludi ni ldng cii de lam chat mang<br />
Minh Duang, La Thi Nga, Le thu Hiin, Pham Minh<br />
frgng he thdng lgc sinh hgc. 45 kg ludi frgng he<br />
HI, Le Dganh Tgai, Nguyin Trudng San & Dag Thi<br />
thdng bi lgc 3,5m^ cd luu tdc tii 900 ht - 1500 ht/h<br />
Thanh Xuan, 2004. Len men chi pham sinh hgc<br />
frgng dieu kien cd sue khi cd thi lgc tuan hgln nudc<br />
BIOF va ling dting frgng nudi frdng thuy san. Hdi<br />
frgng be uang nudi tdm, cl cgn hoac tai su dung<br />
thag toan qudc vi nghien ciiu vl ting dung khoa hgc<br />
nudc man frgng frai sin xuat gidng.<br />
cdng nghe frong nudi frdng thuy san. Nha Xuat ban<br />
4. Nudc thli cua frai gidng dugc thu gom thdng Ndng nghiep, 2005.<br />
qua xii ly sinh hgc cd thi tai sii dung chg ugng nudi (8) Thii nghiem cic chung vi sinh (dugc phan<br />
au tning tdm cl. lap tii ngudn nudc thai nha xudng san xuat tdm gidng<br />
5. Quy frinh cdng nghe xu ly ngudn nudc cap vl & ao nudi tdm) lam sach nudc de san xuat chi pham<br />
nudc thai da dugc thuc nghiem d quy md san xuat cd vi sinh. Tai heu nghien ciiu chua cdng bd ciia Vien<br />
thi ling dung cha san xuat. Cdng nghe Thuc pham hgp tac vdi Tram Nghien cihi<br />
V. TAI UEU THAM KHAO Thuy san Nudc Ig, 2004.<br />
(1) Nguyin Diic Cu & Nguyin Thi Phuang (9) Brgwn, J. J., Glenn, E. P., Fitzsimmons, K.<br />
Hoa, 1990. Mdi tiirdng thuy dia hgl cic dam nudc Ig M., Smith, S. E. 1999. Halophytes for the freatment<br />
<br />
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - SO 7 - THANG 7/2009 65<br />
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHfi<br />
<br />
gf sahne aquaculture effluent. Aquaculture 175:255- (15) Kristiansen, R., Cripps, S. J., 1996. Waste<br />
268. management freatment of fish farm wastewater<br />
(10) Cripps, S. J., 1994. Minimizing gutputs: using sand filfration. Journal of Environmental<br />
freatment. Jgurnal of AppUed Ichthyology 10:284-294. Quahty 25:545 -551.<br />
<br />
(11) Cripps, S. J., Bergheim, A , 2000. SoUds (16) Newkfrk, G., 1996. Sustainable coastal<br />
management and removal for intensive land-based production systems: a model for integrating<br />
aquaculture production systems. Aquacultural aquaculture and fisheries under community<br />
management. Ocean and Coastal<br />
Engineering 22:33-56.<br />
Management 32:69-83.<br />
(12)Gautier, D., Amador, J., Newmark, F., 2001.<br />
The use of mangrove wetiand as a biofQter to freat (17) Senarath, U., Visvanatiian, C , 2001.<br />
shrimp pond effluents: preliminary results gf an Envirgnmental Issues in Brackish Water Shrimp<br />
experiment gn the Caribbean cgast gf Cgbmbia. Aquaculture in Sri Lanka. Envirgnmental<br />
Aquacultiu-e Research 32:787-799. Management. 27:335-348.<br />
<br />
(13)Jgnes, A B., Dennisgn, W. C , Presfgn, N. (18) Verhoeven, J. T. A , Meuleman, A F. M.,<br />
P., 2001. Integrated freatment gf shrimp effluent by 1999. Wetlands for waste water freatment<br />
sedimentatign, gyster fQfratign and macroalgal Opportunities and limitations. Ecological<br />
absorption: a laboratory scale study. Aquaculture Engineering 12:5-12.<br />
193:155-178. (19) Fred Wheeaten Agfriculfre Engineering<br />
(14) Jones, A. B., Presfgn, N. P., Dennisgn, W. Department Tlie University of Maryland college<br />
C , 2002. The efficiency and condition of oysters and Park, Maryland. Biological Filfration: Design and<br />
macroalgae used as biological filters of shrimp pond Operation., 2004.<br />
effluent. Aquaculture Research 33:1-19.<br />
<br />
<br />
RESEARCH ON CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCESS TO TACKLE<br />
THE SUPPLY AND WASTE WATER FOR CULTIVATION OF SEAFOOD VARIETY<br />
Nguyen Thi Minh, Vu Van Dung, Cao Van Han<br />
Summary<br />
The water supply source have very important role for aquatic and seafood cultivation, water supply source<br />
not achieve the standard. Thus, the objective of this study was to advance tbe process to tackle supply and<br />
waste water for production of seafood variety. Maybe use 1,000 - 1,500 g seaweed per one water cubic<br />
mefre together with bio - product in order to tackle tbe supply and waste water in the camp of fish and<br />
shrimp variety production. Also maybe use old nylon net in order to make tbe carry agent in biological<br />
filtered system. Every 45 kg nylon net are used for on filtered system 3.5m* with tbe flow 900 -1,5001/h in<br />
air - scour condition. Maybe filter water circulation in germinated tank of fish and shrimp nourishment or<br />
reuse the salt - water in camp of variety production.<br />
Keywords: Supply water, waste water, biological filtered system, seaweed, nylon net, the aquatic and seafood<br />
variety production.<br />
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Ngudi phin bidn: TS. Nguydn Dtic Cii<br />
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66 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 7 - THANG 7/2009<br />