Người Pháp với quá trình du nhập Y học hiện đại vào Việt Nam trong những năm đầu thế kỷ XX

NGUlOn PHAP von QUA TRlNH DU NHAP Y HOC Hl|N DAI<br /> VAO VliT NAM TRONG NHONG NAM D&U THE KY XX<br /> <br /> <br /> TA THI T H O Y '<br /> SAUN KINGSLEY MALARNEY"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> T rong hki vig't n6y, chung t6i ee trinh<br /> bay nhQng "c& gdng" ciia ngildi<br /> Phap trong vi§c Axia. a$n y hoc hi§n dai, c6n<br /> vifin Tofin quy^n nfiy hlu nhU chfla c6 ke<br /> hogch nfio cho Y tfi* - Sfle khde, mfic du<br /> chfldng trinh khai thac v^ kinh tef thfit lfi to<br /> diidc goi Ih Tfiy y vAo Dong Duong nfii tat. Trong cfic khoan chi tfii chfnh cong luc<br /> chung, vho Vi$t Nam n6i rieng trong nhflng bSTy gid, chfla c6 myc nfio ve chi cho y tfi" vfi<br /> nfim diu thS' ky XX, chfnh xac hdn lfi trong mai de'n nhflng nfim sau Chien tranh the<br /> khudn khd cua cuoc khai thac thupc dia Iln gidi Iln thfl Nhlit (1920-1929) thi y te cung<br /> thut nhfi^t cila thUc dan Phap. chi mdi chifi'm 1,65 dfin 3,78% tdng chi<br /> ngfin sfich Dfing Dudng mfi thoi (1).<br /> Cho dSn tru6c khi Paul Doumer ISn Ifim<br /> Tofin quyen, Y tg" vfi Site khoe lfi nhflng Khi Paul Beau lfin Ifim Tofin quyen<br /> linh vuc 5 Vi^t Nam chUa m^y dUpc ngUcli Dfing Dudng, vdi chfnh sfich "hdp tdc vdi<br /> Phap quan tfim. B0nh dich diln ra lifin ngUdi bdn xii" cua ong ta, y tg" de "bdo vi<br /> mien, nhUng chi m6i c6 ci Nam Kf vi§c tigm sHc khoe c6ng cdng" mdi trd thfinh m§t<br /> phong chSng d§u miia du^c tijfn hfinh tii trong hai linh vflc cua yfi'u dfi xfi hfii du^c<br /> 1878 do cac thiy thufic hai qufin dam quan tfim.<br /> trach. Phai d^n nfim 1891, ViSn vi trung Trong thdi k^ Paul Beau tfl 1902 dfi'n<br /> hgc mdi dUOc hac si Albert Camette 14p ra d 1907, cfic xfl dfiu tfing chi ngfin sach cho y<br /> Sii G6n vfi den nfim 1895, Yersin mdi Ifip tfi nhifiu hdn BO vdi trUdc.<br /> ra Viin vi triing hgc Nha Trang. M§t vfii cd Trfin tofin Dfing Dfldng, nfim 1906 sfi"<br /> sd chfla b^nh vfi vi^n nghifin cflu dU(?c Ifip tifin dfinh cho y tfi lfi 1.194.467 dSng tUdng<br /> ra nhung chil yfi'u lfi d^ chfla cho qufin din dfldng gin 3 tri$u francs, gfi!p hai Iln so vdi<br /> tni vfi dfin Au nhU B0nh vi§n qufin d^i Din so chi cho linh vi^c nfiy trong tfii khda 1902<br /> Thuy (Hfi N6i). (2).<br /> Nfim 1897, Paul Doumer len Ifim Tofin 0 Nam K^, trong cfic khoan chi cua<br /> quyen, cung nhii doi vdi linh vi^c giao dijc. ngan sfich c&'p xfl, nfim 1882 mdi chi cd xfip<br /> <br /> • PGS.TS.Vien Sflhi?c<br /> " GS.TS Trudng D?i hoc Qufic tfi Thifin chiia gifio Tokyo<br />  tighten cflu Ljch aJr. afi 9.2012<br /> <br /> xi 22.000 dfing dU(?c chi cho y tfi thi nfim Linh v\fc y tfi vfi sfle kh6e cdn dUpc quan<br /> 1902 da lfi 176.216 dfing, tflc lfi tfing 16n 8 tflm hdn vdi Tofin quyfin Albert Sarraut,<br /> Iln vfi nfim 1907 Ifi 253,189 dfing dfinh cho ngfldi dfi Ifim cho vi§c "h^ tdc vdi ngU&i<br /> linh vi^c nfiy, tflc lfi tfing Ien gin 11,5 Iln. bdn xit' trd thfinh mfit chfnh sdch hofin<br /> Cy thd xem bang 1 (3): chinh, trong dfi "ldm cho ngUdi bdn xii dUdc<br /> <br /> B&ng 1: Chi cho y tfi cua ngan sfich Nam Ky, 1902-1907 (b&ng D^ng)<br /> <br /> Nim B ^ n h vi&n Cligr QuAn Tr^f c&'p c h o c d c b § n h vifin, c 6 c t r a i<br /> phonK, c6c cdnR t r i n h y t ^<br /> 1882 17.5-16,62 14.072,24<br /> 1902 30.957,33 145.269,33<br /> 1903 37.659,27 129.332,60<br /> 1904 39,995,00 166.475,71<br /> 1905 40 726,27 171.669,95<br /> 1906 43.596,66 154.254,55<br /> 1907 45.851,00 207.338.88<br /> <br /> fing 2: Cfic khoan chi cho cfic hoat dfing y tfi cua ngfin sfich Thfinh pho Ch^ Lcfn<br /> 1882-1907 (5)<br /> <br /> N4m Hoat d^ng cua Chi phi cho vi^c Xfiy d i i n g m d i Tong cgng<br /> Bfinh vifin trcl g i u p<br /> 1882 1.970,00 1.500,00 4.900,00 8.370,00<br /> 1902 22.378,00 10.326,00 26.000,00 67.704,00<br /> 1903 23.574,00 7.150,00 17.112,14 47.836,14<br /> 1904 24.074,00 8.850,00 6.000,00 38.824,00<br /> 1905 33.065,00 8.897,00 3.000,00 44.952,00<br /> 1906 31.067,00 9.978,00 41.035,00<br /> 1907 35.608,00 18.633,00 54.141,00<br /> <br /> <br /> So tifin mfi Ngan sfich cua Thfinh pho hudng nhiing tiin b^ vi vi sinh vi khoa hgc<br /> Chd Ldn chi cho boat dfing cua b^nh vifn, y hgc" (7) dfi trd thfinh mfit trong nhflng<br /> cho vi^c tr0 giup y tfi vfi xay di^ng mdi cac bifin phap chu yfiu dd tridn khai chi'nh sfich<br /> cong trinh y tfi' da tfl hdn 8 nghin dfing "hgp tdc" dfi vfio thyc tfi".<br /> nfim 1882 tfing len xfip xi 58 nghin dfing Trong ngfin sach cfic ca'p, cfic khoan tie'n<br /> nfim 1902 vfi hdn 54 nghin dong nfim 1907, dfinh cho y tfi tfing lfin hfing nfim, tfl xfip xi<br /> nhu trong bang 2 (4). 1,2 trifiu nfim 1906 dU^c diin ra d trfin tfing<br /> O Trung K^, chi cho nhan si^ hoat dfing Ifin 1,8 trifiu nfim 1913, 3.1 trifiu 1914; 3,1<br /> trong ngfinh y tfi" ban xfl tfing tfl 2.071 dfing tri^u nfim 1915; 2,57 trifiu nfim 1916; 3,2<br /> nfim 1902 len 3.756 dong nfim 1906 vfi dfl trifiu trong cfic nfim 1917 vfi 1918 (8).<br /> chi 7.606 dong nfim 1907. Chi phf cho v^t Vdi nhflng khoan tifiV it di trong ngfin<br /> li^u y tfi cua xfl nfiy cung tfl 13.500 dfing sfich fiy, cfic cd quan quan I^ sfle khoe Iln<br /> nfim 1902 lfin 16.000 dfing nfim 1905 vfi lu^t ra ddi, vi^c dfio tao nhfin vifin y iM, vific<br /> 33.480 dong nfim 1906 (6). xfiy dflng cfic cd scl y tfi" dflpc tifi'n hfinh, cfic<br /> Rguai Phap va qua hrinh du nh»p...<br /> <br /> bifin phfip phdng ngfla bfinh dich dfl(?c tridn gifim sfit vific fip dung nhflng quy djnh vfi<br /> khai. bao vfi sfle khde cfing cfing vfi nghifin cflu<br /> Nfim 1902, TrUifng Dgi hoc Y khoa D6ng nhflng bi^n phfip dfi Ifim s^eh cfic khu<br /> Duong dUdc thfinh Ifip. trung tflm. Cho dfin nfim 1906, Nam K^ ed<br /> khfing dfldi 65 cd sd y tfi (12).<br /> Nfim 1904, Paul Beau cho Ifip Tdng Nha<br /> Siic khoe Ddng DUtfng {Direction genirale 6 Bfic K]? (13), b§nh vifin ban xfl d Hai<br /> de la Sante). Cflng nfim, Beau cho Ifip Phdng bfit diu hoat dfing tfl 21-3-1906 do<br /> TrUdng Cao ddng Y khoa Ddng DUOng. ngfin sach Thfinh phfi" Hai Phdng chi tra.<br /> Cfic tinh dfiu lap ra cd quan H5 trp Y tfi<br /> Qua Nghi djnh ngfiy 30-6-1905, mfit cO rifing: Bic Giang, Hai Dfldng, Hflng Yfin,<br /> quan thfldng tryc td chflc Trg giup Y ti Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Sdn La, Vinh Yfin,<br /> {VAssistance midicale) dupc Ifip ra d Dfing Phuc Yfin... Cfic cd quan nfiy do mfit nhfin<br /> Dfldng muc dfeh dflpc hfit kc ra lfi: dfio tao vifin chuyen trach. Cung nhfl vfiy, mfit sfi<br /> chuyfin gia trong ngfinh Y 5 Dfing Dfldng; tinh da xfiy dyng dflpc b§nh vi§n rieng nhfl:<br /> chfim sde y tfi cho ngfldi Au vfi ngfldi ban Bfic Ninh, Phu LJ, Lang Sdn, Yen Bai, Phu<br /> xfl; difiu khidn cfic bfinh vi$n do nhifiu Thg, Mdng Cai, Hai Dfldng... Nfim 1906,<br /> nguon ngan sfich chi tra; kidm soat hay Bfic KJ cfi 38 bac si (14). Nghi dinh 27-4-<br /> thyc hifin nhflng bifin phfip lien quan dfin 1907 cho Ifip ngach y ta ban xfl d Bfic Kjf.<br /> vific kidm soat y te', dich b^nh, chfim sde sfle d Trung KJ (15), eho dfin nfim 1906, cd<br /> khoe cgng dfing, dong thdi day cho dfin quan Ho trp Y tfi mdi dflpc Ifip ra d Thanh<br /> Dong DUdng hidu each bao vfi sfle khoe vfi Hda, Vinh, Hufi, Dfi Nfing, Quy Nhdn,<br /> so'ng ve sinh; xfiy dflng eae ed sd y tfi' (9). Phan Rang, Phan Thifit. Nfim 1906, Trung<br /> Song song vdi vific xay dflng hfi thong Ky (16) cd 14 bac si, 7 bfinh vien dfldc l^ip<br /> cfic cd quan quan Iy cfing tae chfim soc sfle ra d cac thfinh pho" chinh vfi cfic tram y te d<br /> khde, chinh quyen thflc dan cung tflng bude cac trung tam khfic. So nhfip vi0n d Trung<br /> cho xay dung hfi thfing bfinh vifin va cae cd Ky nfim 1906 lfi 4.273, sfi Ifldt kham Ifi<br /> sd y tfi' tai cae dia phfldng, nhfl Hdpital 52.627 va so" tifim chung lfi 395.392. Sfi tie'n<br /> Grail d Sfii Gon, Hdpital de Lannessan d dfldc chi tifiu lfi 160.819 dong.<br /> Hfi Noi, vfi Hdpital Indigene du Protectorat Tdng eong cho dfin nfim 1906, Ctf quan<br /> (Bfinh Vifin Phu Doan) (25-3-1904) d Hfi Ho trg Y ti' dfi cfi 100 thiy thuoc ca dfin sfl<br /> Ngi (chfla bfinh cho ngfldi ban xfl d xfl Bao vfi quan sfl. Cd quan nfiy quan ly 57 bfinh<br /> Hg, do Ngan sfich Lien bang chi tra). vifin, 33 tram y te, 5 bfinh vifin phong, 7 nhfi<br /> Nam Ky (10) trd thfinh xfl tifin tridn cflu tfi cho nhflng ngfldi bi bfinh mfin tfnh vfi<br /> nhanh nhfit vi y tfi, nhd nguon ngfin sfich ngfldi gifi, 17 trai trd mo coi, khong ndi<br /> cfip xfl, cac ngfin sfich cfip tinh vfi nhd sfl nfldng ti^a, 7 nhfi hfi sinh, 2 bfinh vi^n cho<br /> ung ho ddng gdp cua cfic ca nhfin. Nfim ngfldi mfl vfi ngfldi efim dific. Cd quan nfiy<br /> 1903 (11), mfit trai phong dUpe Ifip ra tren tifip nhfin vfi chfim adc 43.099 ngfldi nhfip<br /> mfit cfl lao d sfing Mekfing. Thang 1-1904, vi$n, 238.149 Iflpt kham, 710 ngfldi phong,<br /> mfit TrUdng tkUc hdnh y tibdn xic dflpc md 2.077 ngudi gifi vfi ngfldi bj bfinh man tfnh,<br /> dd dfio tao eae y tM tiem chung vfi cac nfl hfi 2.815 tr^ mo coi va da tifin hfinh 897.339<br /> sinh. 6 Chd Ldn mfit bfinh vifin dan sfl vfi lupt ehung dfiu (17). Tdng cgng, cho dfin<br /> nhieu cfing trinh y tfi dflpc Ifip ra. Nfim nfim 1906, tofin Dong Dfldng co 129 cd sd y<br /> 1907, cac Hfii dfing y te ra ddi d cac tinh dd tfi (18).<br />  Rghian eihi Lieh sJr. atf 9.2012<br /> <br /> Sau nhflng "cd gdng" cua Paul Beau, Nfim 1901, Idp y tfi nam diu tifin dflpc<br /> Albert Sarraut dfi ihuc diy thfim mfit bfldc md t^i Chp Qufin vfi 5 nfim sau, Tofin<br /> vific xfiy dyng cfic cd sd y tfi trfin tofin DOng quydn Dfing Dfldng ra nghj dinh thifit Ifip<br /> Dfldng. Cho nfin tfl 129 cd ad y tfi vfio nfim ng^ch y tfi ngfldi ban xfl t^i Trung KJ vfi<br /> 1906, eon sfl" nfiy dfi tflng nhanh trong Bic KJ. Nfim 1903, Paul Beau ban hfinh<br /> nhflng nfim chifin tranh, Ifin 169 nfim 1913; nghj djnh Ifip TrUimg Ythi/c h6nh bdn ii?d<br /> 156 nfim 1914; 171 nfim 1915; 185 nfim Nam KJ dd dio t^o y tfi, nfl hfi sinh ngfldi<br /> 1916; 190 nfim 1917 vfi 279 nfim 1918 (19), Vi§t d$t dfldi sfl chi d^o cua Gifim dfic Sd Y<br /> vdi 90 bfinh vifin, 10 tr^i tr4 md cfii, 87 tfi Nam KJ. Chi phf eho vific hpe do tinh<br /> tr^m y tfi, phdng khfim, 22 tr^m xfi.., trong phSi chju. Hpe xong, cfic y tfi, nfl hoc sinh<br /> dfi tfip trung nhifiu nhfi't t^i Nam KJ, cdn trd y6 Ifim vific t^i tr^m xfi xfi. Lfldng Ifi do<br /> Trung KJ gin nhfl khflng dfing kfi. Ifing trA. Dfin nfim 1918, Dflng Dfldng dfi cd<br /> 1.539 y tfi. Chfnh quyfin thufic dja cflng cho<br /> Vific md rfing hfi thfing cd sd cflu chfla<br /> thfinh Ifip trfldng Nfl hfi sinh diu tifin t^i<br /> bfinh eung gdp phin Ifim eho sfi* ngfldi ban<br /> Chp Ldn (1901) chuyfin dfio t^o bfi dfi eho<br /> xfl dflpc hfldng cfic lo^i djch vy nfiy tfing<br /> xfl Nam KJ vfi sau dfi Ifi trfldng Nfl Hfi sinh<br /> lfin. Vi thfi, nfim 1906 cd 238.149 ngfldi<br /> thufic TrUdng Y khoa Ddng DUOng dflpc Ifip<br /> bfinh di thfim khfim thi nfim 1918 con sfidd<br /> nfim 1905 dd dfio tao ra cfic bfi dd ngfldi ban<br /> Ifi 950.938 ngfldi (20).<br /> xfl cho Bic KJ vfi Trung KJ. Sau khi tfit<br /> So ngfldi hoat dfing trong trong linh vflc nghifip, cfic bfi dd sfi Ifim vific tai cfic b^nh<br /> y tfi cung tfing lfin. Cfic cd sd dfio tao nhfin vi§n, tr?m xfi. So vdi nfim 1914, nfim 1918<br /> vien y tfi tflng bfldc dflpc thfinh Ifip. TrUitng sfi bfi dd tfing gin 2 Iln. Nfim 1914, Trfldng<br /> Bgi hgc Y khoa Ddng DUOng dflpc Ifip vfio Y md thfim khoa Dflpc chuyfin dfio t^o dflpc<br /> nfim 1902 tai Hfi Ngi chuyfin vS dfio t^o y<br /> si. Nghi dinh 25-10-1904, Tofin quyfin Dfing Bl.<br /> Dfldng Ifip ra Trfldng Cao dSng Y khoa Cfic cd sd y tfi dflpc Ifip ra, sfi* nhfin vifin y<br /> Dfing Dfldng. tfi tfing lfin do dd, sfi ngfldi nhfip vifin, sfi<br /> Tfl nfim 1907 dfin 1918 cfi 95 ngfldi tfi't ngfiy chfla, sfi' ngfldi di khfim vfi sfi Iflpt<br /> nghifip vfi Ifiy b4ng Y si Dfing Dfldng khfim bfinh eung tfing thfim. LA'y vf dy<br /> {Medecin Indochinois) (21). Nhfin vifin y tfi trong nhflng nfim 1913-1918.<br /> ca ngudi Au vfi ngfldi ban xfl dflpc thfing kfi Trong giai do^n nfiy, t$i Vifit Nam cfi hai<br /> nhfl sau trong mfit sfi' nfim, tfl 1913 dfin hfi thfing Y hgc chfla bfinh lfi Dflng y, Tfiy y,<br /> 1918 (xem bang 3). trong dd Dfing y vin lfi phfldng phfip chfla<br /> Bang 3: S6 nhfin vifin y tfi d Ddng Di/dng tif bfinh phd bifin hdn, dflpc nhifiu ngUdi Vifit<br /> 1913-1918(22} Nam Ifla chon. Y hgc phfldng Tfiy dflpc<br /> Nfim ag nhAa.vltn y tK(d^ii 31-12) chfnh thflc dfla vfio Vifit Nam tfl cufii thfi<br /> NgUill Au NffUdi bin xiir ky XIX, nhflng cho dfi'n Ifle nfiy vfin cdn<br /> 1913 114 170 chfim phfit tridn vfi phin dfing chi cfi dfin<br /> 1914 114 170 chung d cfic dfi thi nidi dflpc hfldng lpi fch lfi<br /> 1915 106 226 lo^i hinh y hpe nfiy.<br /> 1916 77 284 Thfim nfla, chfnh quydn thufic dia fip<br /> 1917 79 318 dyng mfit sfi bifin phfip dd phdng chfi'ng cfic<br /> 1918 90 316 loflii dich bfinh d Vifit Nam. Md rfing ho^t<br /> Rgii6i Phap vm qua h-inh du nh^p...<br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 4: So ngirdi nhfip vifin, sfi' ngfiy chfla bfinh, s^ ngUdii khfim, sfi^ Iflpt khfim vfi BS<br /> ngflcfi dfl^c tifim chung dfiu mua tfl 1913 dfin 1018 (23)<br /> <br /> Nfim S£fnh$p Sfi ngfiy chuTa Ngildi di khfim Lifpt dl khfim Tifim chung<br /> vif n (nghin) b f n h (nghin) (nghin) (nghin) d|iU tnita<br /> (ndhin)<br /> 1913 69 2.175 599 1.700 1,139<br /> 1914 75 2.175 654 1.702 1.404<br /> 1915 81 2.007 641 1.788 1.352<br /> 1916 95 2.193 717 2,028 1.372<br /> 1917 9L 2.269 841 2,395 2.574<br /> 1918 104 2.408 951 2.585 2,945<br /> <br /> dgng cua cfic ViSn Vi triing hgc dflpc Ifip ra d 25-7-1902 dd kidm dich vi v$ sinh thflc<br /> Sfii Gon vfi Nha Trang cufii thfi ky XIX, nfim phim. 6 m6i tinh dfi'u da Ifip ra Hdi dSng<br /> 1913, ViSn Vi sinh vd Vi triing hgc Iln Iflpt V| sink theo tinh thin cfic nghj dinh 1-6-<br /> dflpc thfinh l§p t^i Bic KJ vfi Trung KJ. 1902, 19-9-1905 vfi dUpc thi^c hifin bitng<br /> Vifie sfl dyng vfic-xin, chu yfiu dd phong Nghi dinh 2-4-1907 vi bao vfi sfle khoe cfing<br /> b^nh d§u mfla, bfinh dich h^ch vfi bfinh ta cfing d Bic KJ.<br /> da cfi kfit qua. So ngfldi dflpc tifim phfing Bfin c^nh dfi, vifie tly ufi ndi 6 hofic tifin<br /> tfing lfin moi nfim. Nfim 1914 d Dong hfinh cfich Iy bfinh nhfin khi xay ra cfic<br /> Dudng cd 1.404.000 ngfldi dflpc tiem vfic- bfinh dich truyen nhilm cung dflpc dfit ra.<br /> xin bfinh dfiu mfla, nfim 1918 co 2.945.000 Ngfldi mie bfinh dflpc dfla tdi cfic cd sd<br /> ngfldi, nhfl dfldc thfing ke trong bang 4. phdng dich dd cfich Iy. Trong giai doan diu,<br /> cac nhfi phdng dich nfiy mdi chi dflpc dflng<br /> Phin dong ngfldi Vifit Nam khong quen vdi<br /> Ifin tam thdi. Chi dfin khi xay ra trfin dich<br /> viec tifim phdng vic-xin, chi khi xay ra<br /> hach nfim 1903 tai Hfi Nfii, vific Ifip cfic cd<br /> nhflng trfin dich ldn, ho mdi den cac ed sd y<br /> sd phdng dich chuyen bifit mdi dflpc dfit ra.<br /> te', Ngofii ra, td chflc Trg giiip y (e'cung tifin<br /> Tuy vfiy, vific tly ufi hay each Iy nhfl vfiy<br /> hfinh phan phat thud'e miSn phi dfin cfic dia<br /> khfing dflpc dan chung hfldng flng, bdi tam<br /> phUdng, chu yfiu Ifi thufic chong so't rfit. IJ Io sp. Doi vdi bfinh phong, chinh quyfin<br /> Nfim 1918, sfi thuoc dupe phfit tai Nam Ky thufic dia tifin hfinh Ifip cfic trai phong dd<br /> lfi 219 kilogam, t^i Bfic KJ lfi 56 kilogam vfi cfich ly ngfldi bfinh vfi tifin ehfla bfinh cho<br /> Trung KJ lfi 116 kilogam. hg. Trfldc nfim 1900, da sfi ngfldi bi bfinh<br /> Ben eanh dd, nhflng kien thflc vfi sinh sd phong song tai nhflng "ldng phong " d nfing<br /> dSng da dupe dfla vfio d?iy trong cfic nhfi thSn thudng dfldc ggi lfi diidng ti hay ldng<br /> trfldng phd thong dong thdi cac hoat dfing vfi phong. Nfim 1903, chinh quyfin Nam KJ ra<br /> sinh, t^y ufi ndi cfl tru, ndi cfing cfing ngay ca Nghi djnh efTm ngfldi hi bfinh phong xufit<br /> vfi sinh thflc phim cung dflpc tifin hfinh. hifin d nhflng ndi cfing cfing vfi eho xfiy<br /> 6 Bic KJ, ThO'ng sfl ban hfinh Nghi dflng mfit trgi phong d Cfl Lao Rdng, tinh<br /> dinh 1-6-1902, sfla ddi b^ng Nghi dJnh 18- MJ Tho. Sau dfi, vific Ifip trai phong vfi Ifing<br /> phong dflpc tifin hfinh d cfic xfl edn lai cua<br /> 11-1902 vfi vfi sinh ndi cU tru, Nghi di^h<br /> Dfing Dfldng. Mfic dfl vfiy, sfi ngfldi bi bfinh<br /> 25-7-1902 vi kidm dich thi^c phim.<br /> phong 6 Vifit Nam v5n d mflc cao, nhfl nfim<br /> Cfic Hpi ddng vfi sinh dflpc thfinh Ifip d 1918, cd khoang 1.900 ngfldi mic bfinh b<br /> Hfi Ngi vfi Hai Phong b^ng Nghi dinh ngfiy<br />  Rghlfln cflu X4ch aJr. atf 9.2018<br /> <br /> Trung KJ, 1.000 ngfldi d Nam KJ vfi 2.600 - Bfinh dich tS mang tfnh dia phfldng<br /> ngfldi d Bfic KJ. gfim c6 bfinh sfit rfit, bfinh Iy, bfinh thfldng<br /> Nhfl vfiy, sau khi hofin thfinh v6 cd bSn hfin, bfinh tfi phfl, vfi bfinh dfing-gd;<br /> cfing cufic binh djnh vd qufin sfl, dd phye vy - Bfinh dieh dia phfldng gdm bfinh sfit<br /> cho eufie khai thfic thufic dja vd kinh tfi, rfit, bfinh giun sin, bfinh phong, vfi bfinh<br /> trong nhflng nfim diu Ihfi ky XX, ngUdi chd d^i;<br /> Phfip da "cd'gang" dUa vfio thufic dja ndn y - Bfinh xa hfii gdm cd bfinh lao, bfinh hoa<br /> hoc phfldng Tfiy (Tfiy y) dd hifin d^i hda Hlu, vfi bfinh mfit hfit.<br /> ndn y hpe ed truydn dfla vfio phfldng phfip M3i nfim cd hfing ngfin jigfldi nhilm vfi<br /> chfla bfinh cua Trung Hoa (Dflng y). chfit vi cfic lo^i bfinh nfiy. Rifing trong hai<br /> nfim 1908 vfi 1910, t^i Nam KJ vfi Trung<br /> Vdi nhflng flu didm cua nd, ndn y hpe KJ dfl cfi hOn 1.600 ngfldi chfit vi bfinh dieh<br /> mdi da dfla lai cho ngfldi dfin ban xfl nhflng h^ch (24).<br /> dich vy y te mdi, tfl chfla bfinh dfi'n phdng<br /> Cfic trfin djch ta lifin tifip trong cfic nfim<br /> bfinh, phdng dich vfi vfi sinh mfii trfldng,<br /> 1908, 1911, 1912, 1916 khifin d Nam KJ cd<br /> thflc phim... Tuy nhifin, mfic dfl vfiy, dfiy<br /> 2.000 ngfldi chfit nfim 1908; 3.777 ngfldi<br /> mdi chi Ifi nhflng "c^ gdng" ban diu cua<br /> chfit nfim 1911; 7.488 mfic djch nfim 1912.<br /> chfnh quyfin thupc dja, chu yfiu dd phye vy<br /> O Trung KJ sfi ngfldi mfic dich tfing lfin:<br /> gidi quan nhfin, bfi mfiy cai tri, cfic nhfi<br /> nfim 1908 cd 2.524 vfi nfim 1916 tfing lfin<br /> thyc dan ngfldi Phfip. Hfi thong cac cd sd y<br /> gfip hdn 2 Iln lfi 5.616 (25).<br /> tfi', so lupng nhfin vien y tfi, cd sd vflt chfit...<br /> ehfla du dfip flng mfit dan so^ ngfiy cfing Sfi^ ngfldi mfic bfinh dfiu mfla eung khfing<br /> dong. Vl vfiy, Dfing y vfin cdn gifl vai trd phai lfi ft, vdi 2.800 ngfldi d Nam KJ nfim 1917<br /> quan trong trong nen y hoe thuge dia sau vfi 1.747 ngfldi d Trung KJ nfim 1916 (26).<br /> ea hdn nfla thfi ky chifim ddng cua ngfldi Ndi tdm Iai, trong nhflng nfim diu thfi<br /> Phap. So ngfldi dflpc kham, dupc nhfip vifin, ky XX, dd phye vy cho cufic khai thac cd<br /> so thfim kham chi chifim mgt ty Ifi nhd quy mfi ldn Iln thfl nhfit ve kinh te, ngudi<br /> trong so^ dan hfing chyc trifiu ngfldi. So* phy Phap da cfi^ gfing dfla mfit sfi yfiu tfi' cua nfin<br /> nfl sinh con dflpc si^ ho trp cua y tfi cdn y hpe hi$n d^i vfio Vifit Nam nfii rieng,<br /> chfla dupc thfing kfi, vi vific dfio tao nfl hfi Ddng Dfldng ndi chung. Tuy nhifin, dfi cung<br /> sinh mdi chi b i t diu. Dfin chung vin phai mdi chi Ifi nhflng "cfi" ging" bfldc diu vfi<br /> thfldng xuyfin doi mfit vdi cfic loai dich cflng ehi mdi nhim phye vy cho gidi thflc<br /> bfinh, dfic bifit Ifi cac lo^i bfinh truydn dfin d Dflng Dfldng lfi chfnh. Dfing dao dSn<br /> nhilm gdm 4 loai bfinh djch ehfnh ed anh chung thufic dia chfla dflpc tifip cfin nhflng<br /> hfldng Idn dfin sfle khde vfi cd kha nfing gfiy dieh vy y tfi hifin d^i dd, vific chfla bfinh eua<br /> tfl vong cao lfi: hp vfin chi dya vfio y hoc cd truyfin hay cdn<br /> gpi lfi Dfing y lfi chfnh.<br /> - Bfinh dieh tl gdm cfi bfinh dich haeh,<br /> bfinh dich ta, vfi b§nh dfiu mfla; (Xem tiip trang 23}<br /> Ctfng tfie dao >9o gi6o vlto..<br /> <br /> <br /> phuang hudng 1964 • 1965 eda Sd Oido dye. Phflng (31), (37). Hfl ad stf 13364: Nghi quyit eiia Ban<br /> UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic. Chip hinh Khu tif tri V'^t Bdc vi phdt triin gido<br /> (24). Tfl'ng hpp tcr: Hfi sd atf 13323: Dif thdo bdo cdo difc trong nim 1965 -1966. Phdng UBHCKTT Vift<br /> cing tdc gido d\ic mtti/i ndm ctia Khu tif tri ^'^' B&c Bfic.<br /> cua Sd Oido difc Vi^t Bdc tit 1954 din 1965. Phflng (32). Cv t h i lfi cfi'p 3 vt trong nhQng nfim 1954 -<br /> UBHCiOT Vift Bfic vfi Hfi ad atf 7132. Dfi dfin. 1966, cfic tinh miln nili chUa cd trUdng dfio t^o<br /> (25). Bdo Vift Nam Die lip. atf 752, tif ngfiy 18 gifio vifin cfi'p 3. Din nfim hpe 1966 - 1967, TrUdng<br /> din ngfiy 24-10-1959, tr. 4. D^i hpe Su ph^m miln niii mdi dUpc thfinh Ifip dl<br /> (26). Hfi 8d atf 13305: Bdo edo ting kit ndm ndm dfio t^o gifio vifin cfi'p 3 cho cfic tinh miln nui<br /> xiy difng Trudng Trung Ape Su phg,m Vi^t Bdc (34). Ting hpp tfl Hfi sd atf 7126: Ki hogch vin<br /> trong nhSng nam 1959 • 1964. Phflng UBHCKTT d0ng thanh niin, hgc sinh xung phong tinh nguydn<br /> Vift Bfic. tin ldm cdng tdc gido d^c d Tiy Bdc ndm 1962 cda<br /> (29). Hfi ad stf 7123: Bdo cdo dng tde gido d^c Sd Gido d{ic vfi Hfi ed stf 7094: Bdo edo ikinh tich<br /> ndm 1961 1962 cda Sd gido dijtc. Phflng ba ndm 1958 -1960 cda ngdnh gido di^c Khu tif tri<br /> UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic. Thdi Mio. Phdng UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NGirtn PHAP von QUA TRINH DU NHAP Y HOC H I I N DAI .<br /> (Tiep theo trang 8)<br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> (1). Pierre Brocheux & Daniel Hemery: (II). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de<br /> Indochine la colonisation ambigOe 1858-1954, La 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn, 1908, Annexe tr. 103.<br /> Decouverte, Paris, 1995, tr, 152. (13). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de<br /> (2), (3), (4), (5). Paul Beau: La situation de 1902 A 1907, Sfii Gon, 1908, Annexe, tr, 225,<br /> I'indochine de 1902 d 1907. Sfii Gdn 1908, tr. 86. (14), (16), (17). Paul Beau: La situation de<br /> (6). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de I'indochine de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn 1908, ir<br /> 1902 & 1907. Sfii Gdn, 1908, tr. 286. 84.<br /> (7). 'Le problime indochinois" d&n trong T? Thi<br /> (15). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de<br /> Thuy: Din diin cda ngUdi Phdp d Bdc K^ 1884-<br /> 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gfln 1908, Annexe, tr. 283.<br /> 1918, sdd, tr, 35.<br /> (18), (20). Gaide 1931, tr. 92, 93.<br /> (8). AS, tr. 56.<br /> (9), (10), (12). Paul Beau: La situation de (19), (22), (23). RS tr. 5, 6.<br /> I'indochine de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn, 1908, tr. 83, (21). Indochine Fran9aise 1931, tr. 24<br /> (24), (26), (26). Gaide, 1931, tr. 238.<br />