Nhân dân tỉnh Bắc Kạn với an toàn khu của trung ương ở chợ Đồn trong kháng chiến chống Pháp (1945-1954)

NHAN DAN TINH BAG KAN Vfll AN TOAN KHU CUA TRUNG UOfNG<br /> or CHO DON TRONG KHANG CHIEN CHONG PHAP (1945-1954)<br /> <br /> Au THI H O N G THAM*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> tinh Tuyen Quang) m i trung tam l i Dinh<br /> A n toin khu (ATK) ciia Trung fldng<br /> gifl vai trd to ldn doi vdi thing ldi<br /> cua cuoc khing chie^n cho'ng Phip. Da cd<br /> Hda, Chd Ddn, Sdn Dfldng, Yen Sdn dfldc<br /> chgn lam ATK, ndi d va lim viec cua cic cd<br /> khong it cong trinh, bai viet de cip de'n quan Trung fldng Dang, Chfnh phu trong<br /> nhflng khia canh khic nhau cua ATK, trong trfldng hdp chie'n tranh bung no, phai rflt<br /> dd ATK cua Trung fldng d Dinh Hda (Thii khdi Thu d6 H i Ngi.<br /> Nguyen) dfldc nghien cflu k h i nhieu. Tuy Nhfl viy, ATK Chd Ddn (Bic Kan) cd vi<br /> nhien, ATK ciia Trung fldng d Chd Ddn, tinh tri het sflc quan trgng. Va tren thflc te, ndi<br /> Bic Kan vd'n la mgt trong nhflng mit xich day vfla l i cd sd cua cic cd quan Trung<br /> het sflc quan trgng, cdn chfla dfldc chu y mgt fldng Dang va Chfnh phu, Bg Tdng tham<br /> cich thda ding. Trong pham vi cua bii viet mflu (1), vfla la ndi cac cd quan, xfldng miy,<br /> niy, chung t6i chi muon lam ro mgt s6' net kho t i n g cua Trung fldng ddng (2).<br /> ve vai trd ciia nhan d i n tinh Bic Kan doi vdi ATK Chd Ddn la khu vflc cic xa phfa Nam<br /> ATK ciia Trung fldng d Chd Ddn. v i Tiy Nam ciia huyen Chd Ddn ngay nay.<br /> Dinh gii cao vi tri vai trd cin cfl dia Phfa Nam giap huyen Dinh Hda (Thai<br /> Viet Bic d6l vdi cich mang Viet Nam, nen Nguyen), phfa Tiy giip cic huyfn Yen Sdn,<br /> ngay sau ngay Cich mang thing Tim Chiem Hda (Tuyen Quang). Dd l i dia bin<br /> thinh cdng, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh d i cii chien Ifldc thuan ldi, nui non trung diep co tic<br /> d6ng chf Pham V i n Ddng v i mgt sd ddng dung che di'u Iflc Ifldng, quin chung nhin<br /> chi khic d lai Viet Bic de cung c6' cin cfl din thuIn hiu, chi't phic, trung thinh vdi<br /> dia cich mang. Khi nguy cd chien tranh cich mang. Theo td tien ta thi dd li ndi<br /> xim Ifldc ciia thflc d i n P h i p dang ngiy 'Thien thdi dia ldi nhan hda", thee Hd Chi<br /> cing tdi gin, t h i n g 11-1946, Trung fldng Minh l i ndi "Tien kha di cong, thoii kha di<br /> Dang tiep tuc cii ddng chi Nguyin Lfldng thu". Die biet, vflng nay n i m tren con dfldng<br /> Bing va Trin Ding Ninh trd lai Viet Bic Nam tien theo chu trfldng cua Hd Chi Minh,<br /> chuan hi dia ban xay dflng cin cfl dia do ddng chf Vo Nguyen Giip tnic tiep chi dao,<br /> khang chie'n. Mgt so' xa thugc Dinh Hda, l i ndi Cd cd sd v i phong trio cich mang vflng<br /> Dai Tfl, Vo Nhai (thugc tinh Thii Nguyen), chic, sdm gianh dfldc chfnh quyen.<br /> Chd Ddn, Chd Ra cu (thugc tinh Bic Kan), Y thflc dfldc tam quan trgng cua vi'n de,<br /> Sdn Dfldng, Yen Sdn, Chiem Hda (thugc n h i n d i n tinh Bic Kan da vfldt moi khd<br /> <br /> <br /> Th.S, Tinh Bfie Kan<br /> Rhan dan tinh Bac Kan vdi Kn toan hhu.. 57<br /> <br /> khin, gian khd de xay dflng, bao ve va phuc (Ban Thi) v i Ban Loin (Yen Thinh), Dii<br /> vu ATK cua Trung fldng d Chd Ddn trdng tieng ndi Viet Nam v i Trai nuoi tre cua cin<br /> khing chien cho'ng P h i p (1945-1954). bg khing chien thi ddng d Phja Khao.<br /> Tfl cudi n i m 1946 v i nhflng nim tiep Phja Khao ciing la ndi d v i lim viec ciia<br /> theo vdi nhflng khoang thdi gian khic nhau Nha Nghien cflu ky thuat quan sfl dfldi sfl chi<br /> trong 9 n i m khing chie'n chd'ng Phip, ATK dao cua ong Trin Dai Nghia. Dfldc sfl giflp dd<br /> Chd Ddn da tiep n h i n nhieu cd quan, cua chfnh quyen, quan v i din dia phfldng,<br /> xfldng miy, kho t i n g cua Trung fldng. Nha Nghien cflu da che tao dfldc nhflng vu<br /> Xi Yen Thinh cii bao gdm cic x i Ban khi quan trgng phuc vu khing chie'n (4).<br /> Thi, Yen Thinh v i Yen Thfldng ngay nay la Tai xa Yen Thinh cu co Cue Quan y cua<br /> ndi tiep nhan sdm nhi't cic cd quan, cdng Bg Quo'c phdng (luc d i u ddng d Khuon<br /> xfldng, kho ting cua Trung fldng. Bing True, Leo Hau, khi bi quin P h i p cin quel,<br /> phfldng tien t i u hda loai nhd v i godng chay t h i n g 10-1947, chuyen vao Liing Phen), cd<br /> tren tuyen dfldng s i t Dim Hdng (Chiem quan Bio Cdu qud'c ddng d Che Ngu.<br /> Hda, Tuyen Quang) - Ban Thi (Chd Ddn, Bic De bao dam an toin, cic cd quan Trung<br /> Kan) (3), tfl cuoi nim 1946 v i diu nim fldng khdng ddng l i u mgt chd, thfldng thay<br /> 1947, Nha Tiep te (thugc Bg Kinh te) da ddi chd d, m6i ndi mgt n i m hay vii thing,<br /> chuyen hing chuc ti'n mu6l len Ban Ciu trfl sau dd chuyen dai bg p h i n di chd khic mgt<br /> vio kho d Khudn Lia v i hing trim ti'n hang thdi gian rdi quay lai hoic co cd quan<br /> hoi, vit lifu, may mdc len Ban Thi, Leo chuyen di h i n . Dd d vio vi trf de ding lien<br /> Hiu, Khuon True thugc xa Yen Thinh cu. lac, qua lai vdi cac ATK Trung fldng d Dinh<br /> Ban Thi l i ndi cd quing kem, chi, bac... Hoi, Sdn Dfldng, Yen Sdn... nen cic xa phfa<br /> la nhflng nguyen lieu ra't can cho viec Nam cua huyen dfldc chgn l i m ndi ddng<br /> nghien cflu, san xui't vu khf, d dd cd cd sd cua cic cd quan Trung fldng Dang, Chinh<br /> vat chi't cu nhfl n h i cita, mgt so' miy mdc Phu va Bg Quo'c phong...<br /> khai thic quing ciia P h i p dfldc n h i nfldc Ndi d v i l i m viec cua Hd Chu tich<br /> quan ly, die biet l i cd nha miy thuy dien nhflng n i m 1950 - 1951 dfldc chgn d Ddi N i<br /> nhd, tram bflu dign v i dfldng diy dien P i u thugc Ban Thft, xa Lfldng Bing. Trfldc<br /> thoai Ban Thi - Dim Hdng... Bdi the, dd, Ngfldi cdn d va lam viec thdi gian ngin<br /> Xfldng quin gidi ciia Trung fldng (cdn ggi la (tfl 7-12-1947 de'n cudi t h i n g 12-1947) tai<br /> Xfldng H52) chuyen de'n Ban Thi. Luc diu Ban Ca, xa Binh Trung. Ddng chf Tdng Bf<br /> xfldng dat d Ld Rang (ten ggi cd sd rang thfl Trfldng Chinh v i V i n phdng Trung<br /> quang thdi Phip), ve sau de dip flng nhu fldng Dang trong nhflng nam 1950-1951 d<br /> ciu khing chie'n ngay cing ldn, xfldng Khudi Linh, xa Nghia T i . Ddi Khau Ma, xa<br /> chuyen ra d i u ciu Ban Nhfldng. Viec san Lfldng Bing l i ndi d v i l i m viec cua ddng<br /> xui't vu khf ri't cin de'n nguyen lieu chi, do chf Pham V i n Ddng v i Hgi ddng Chfnh<br /> viy, cd sd khai thic due quing chi d Deo An phu trong khoang thdi gian tfl 1950-1951.<br /> ra ddi, cdn ggi la Xfldng Bic Sdn, thu hflt Cd quan Bg Tdng tham mflu d N i Quin,<br /> nhieu thanh nien d Bail Thi tham gia. Ban Tud'm, Khudi Ang x i Binh Trung.<br /> Xfldng miy in tien cua Bg Tii chfnh Nhflng n i m 1950-1951, cac ddng chi V5<br /> ddng d Ban Thi. Tdng dii v6 tuyen dien Nguyen Giip, Nguyin Chi Thanh, Hoing<br /> tflng ddng d Phja Khao (Ban Thi), Din La Vin Thii thfldng qua lai lam viec d diy.<br /> 5S Rghien cuu Lich siir. si510.2010<br /> <br /> Dia diem Tong Quin la ndi Bg tdng Tham ciia ATK nhfl chin Deo So (Binh Trung),<br /> mflu td chflc hai Hgi nghi tdng ke't cac Tum Td (Bing Lang), Ban Cau (Yen<br /> chie'n dich Bien gidi 1950 v i Dfldng so' 18 Thinh).., deu cd sfl tham gia ciia Iflc Ifldng<br /> vio cudi n i m 1950 va d i u n i m 1951. Chu vu trang Chd Ddn. Trong pham vi tflng xi<br /> tich Hd Chf Mmh va Tdng Bf thfl Trung dat ATK, d i n quin du kich ludn ludn s i n<br /> fldng Dang - Trfldng Chinh d i tdi dfl v i sang chie^n dau, flng phd vdi mgi tinh hinh.<br /> hui'n thi cho ca hai Hgi nghi. Viec gifl gin bf mat, dam bao an toan cho<br /> Cd quan ngoai giao Dai sfl quin Trung cic cd quan Trung fldng v i trong tinh dfldc<br /> Qud'c d Ban Mdn (Lfldng Bing). Viet Nam quin triet v i tuyen truyen can mat trong<br /> Thong ti'n xa d N i Tong (Nghia Ta), Bao n h i n din. Khau hieu "Ba khong" (kh6ng<br /> Su That d Khudi D i m (Nghia Ti)... biet, kh6ng thi'y, khong nghe), da dfldc<br /> Dang bg Chd Ddn ph6l hdp vdi dgi cong n h i n dan thflc hien nghiem tflc. Tfl khau<br /> tic dae biet d i dinh ra phfldng i n xiy dflng hieu tuyen truyen da bien t h i n h khau hieu<br /> vung cin cfl theo cic yeu cau: bao ve an h i n h dgng, mgi ngfldi d i n trong huyen,<br /> toin cho cin cfl, cung co' v i xay dflng mdi nhi't l i khu vflc ATK, da neu cao trich<br /> he tho'ng thong tin lien lac, chuan hi s i n nhiem bao mat.<br /> sang chien di'u va day manh ting gia san Cac tram giao thong lien lac trong ATK<br /> xui't, bao dam h i u cin tai chd... v i vdi cic cd sd ngdii huyen dfldc to chflc,<br /> P h i t huy tinh t h i n yeu nfldc, truyen nhan vien, can bg giao thdng dfldc tuyen Ifla<br /> thd'ng di'u tranh cich mang, n h i n dan cic trong thanh nien d khu vflc ATK. Trdng bi't<br /> dan tgc tai cic dia phfldng ndi tren da s i n ky tinh hudng nio, vfldt qua mgi khd khin,<br /> sang tiep nhan, giup dd ndi in, chd d tam gian nguy, cic lien lac vien mang thfl, cic<br /> thdi ngay tfl nhflng ngiy diu. Cic Iflc tii lieu cua Dang, Chfnh phii v i quin dgi...<br /> Ifldng vu trang, thanh nien xung phong v i deu bao dam thdng su6't, an toin v i kip thdi.<br /> ddng bio cic d i n tgc, nhi't l i d khu vflc Sfl quan t i m giflp dd cua Dang bg va<br /> ATK da ddng gdp nhieu cdng sflc, tfl viec n h i n d i n cic d i n tgc Chd Ddn d6l vdi cic<br /> van chuyen cd quan, khai thic nguyen v i t cd quan, gia dinh cin bg theo chdng con di<br /> lieu den viec xay dflng n h i ciia, lan trai cho khing chie'n d i tao dieu kien cho cic cd<br /> cic cd quan, khd ting, xfldng miy. Thanh quan Trung fldng vfldt qua dfldc nhflng khd<br /> nien xung phong ciia cic xa dfldc coi la Iflc k h i n trong nam dau tdng di chuyen len<br /> Ifldng thfldng trflc phoi hdp vdi d i n quin, ATK, can cfl dia khing chie'n. Ngfldc lai,<br /> du kich xa lam ndng cd't cho phong trio trong qui trinh xiy dflng, p h i t trien cd sd<br /> toin dan xay dflng ATK. Dang, ciing cd va kien toin bg miy chfnh<br /> Viec van chuyen dd doan, miy mdc, nguyen quyen, doin the quin chung cic ci'p. Dang<br /> vit heu, Ifldng thflc, mudi in... vdi khol Iflgng bg v i n h i n d i n cic dan tgc Chd Ddn, die<br /> ldn, tfl ngoii dfldng den cac vi tri an toan, nim biet l i khu vflc ATK ludn n h i n dfldc sfl chi<br /> siu trong cic khe nfli, h i u het la do Iflc Ifldng dao trflc tiep cua Tinh uy, Khu uy cung<br /> vfl trang vi thanh nien mang vie. nhfl sfl giup dd to ldn cua cac cd quan<br /> Liic Ifldng vu trang cua huyen v i cic xi Trung fldng. Cic cd quan Trung fldng<br /> cd cd quan, khd ting... cdn trflc tiep tham thfldng xuyen lien he chit che vdi nhan<br /> gia t u l n tra, phdi hdp vdi canh ve canh gac, din, dgng vien mgi ngfldi h i n g h i i tham<br /> bao ve an toan. Nhflng tram gic vdng ngoai gia khing chie'n, kien quoc, hfldng din<br /> Rhan dan tinh Bdc Kan vin Rn toan khu... 59<br /> <br /> <br /> nhan din xiy dflng ddi sd'ng mdi, bid ve bf ve Yen Nhuan de cin quet khu vflc nay.<br /> mat, an toan cic cd quan trong ATK. Mgt De'n N i Chao (Yen Nhuan), dich nd sflng<br /> sd cd quan cdn cii cin bg giup dd dia dfl dgi vio mgt ddn vi du kich lim mgt<br /> phfldng xiy dflng td chflc Dang, cung co' ddng chf hy sinh v i mgt ddng chi khac bi<br /> chinh quyen, md mang vin hoa, giio due. thfldng. Mgt tieu dgi du kich khic dang luc<br /> Trong chien dich Viet Bic Thu - Dong l i m nhiem vu canh gic cho n h i n d i n gat<br /> 1947, de giai phdng que hfldng, bao ve an Ifla d gin dd, nghe tieng sung no nhanh<br /> toan ATK cua trung fldng ddng tren dia chdng phoi hdp vdi trung dgi bg dgi chu Iflc<br /> bin, gdp phan lam thi't bai ke hoach dinh tieu doin 102 (thugc Trung doan 165 tflc<br /> nhanh thing nhanh cua thflc dan Phip, Trung doin Thii d6) td chflc phuc kich. Nhd<br /> dfla cuoc khing chie'n phat trien sang giai th6ng thad dia hinh, quin ta chgn dfldc dia<br /> doan mdi, quan va dan Chd Ddn da phdi the thuan ldi de mai phuc, Chd quin dich<br /> hdp vdi bg dgi dia phfldng v i quin chii Iflc tdi gin, quan ta nhi't Idat nd sflng, nem lflu<br /> anh dung chie'n da'u tieu diet sinh Iflc dich. dan, diet 8 ten rdi rut lui an toan (6).<br /> Du kich Chd Ddn phdi hdp vdi cic ddn vi Thing ldi tren ghi them mgt chie'n cdng<br /> bg dgi, die biet l i Dai dgi dgc lip 653 tien ciia cic Iflc Ifldng vfl trang Chd Ddn, gdp<br /> hinh cung c6' cac tran dia cu v i xiy dflng phan lim thi't bai mflu do ciia thflc d i n<br /> them mgt s6' t r i n dia mdi tren cac nga Phap trong cuoc ti'n c6ng len Viet Bic.<br /> dfldng tfl Phfldng Vien di Nggc Phii, de'n Thflc hien menh lenh cua Bg Tdng chi<br /> R i Ban v i sang Dai Sao. huy, cin bg, chien si Trfldng V5 Bi tam thdi<br /> De kho'ng che con dfldng Bic Kan - Chd td chflc t h i n h Trung doin 79 do ddng chf<br /> Ddn, thflc dan Phap da cho quan nhay dfl Hoing Dao Thuy lam Trung doan trfldng,<br /> xudng Chd Ddn, chiem ddng vi tri ddn cu d ddng chf Le Dinh l i m Chfnh tri vien, tfl<br /> Phfldng Vien (chiu ly cu) v i tung mgt bg Bic Kan qua Ba Be da de'n Ban Thi ngay<br /> phin ddng ch6't d D6ng Vien. Ngiy 10-10- 15-10-1947. Tai day, Trung doan chia lim<br /> 1947, Iflc Ifldng quin P h i p tfl Phfldng Vien hai bg phin: Doan 1 do cic ddng chf Hoang<br /> tien ve Yen Thinh, Lan Thi, khep din ggng Dao Thuy v i Le Dinh chi huy cd nhiem vu<br /> kim ve phfa Tay. Nim dfldc hfldng h i n h phdi hdp vdi d i n quan, du kich chin danh<br /> quan ciia dich, trung dgi du kich thoat ly dich tfl Chd Ddn de'n Ban Thi. Ddin da cd<br /> cua huyen phdi hdp vdi bg dgi chii Iflc td sfl phdi hdp Iflc Ifldng vu trang huyen lip<br /> chflc phuc kich tai (deo) K6o Phay. Dflng vao nhieu chie'n cdng. Doin 2 do ddng chf Phan<br /> luc quin dich Igt vao tran dia mai phuc, Phic, Tdng Dgi trfldng chi huy tien ve phfa<br /> quin ta nd sflng ti'n cdng. Bi dinh bi't ngd, Tiy, phuc kfch quin P h i p tai km so' 4<br /> quan dich phai thio chay qua deo (5). dfldng s i t Dam Hdng - Ban Thi vio sing<br /> Chfla dat dfldc muc tieu diet quin chu ngay 18-10-1947, giinh t h i n g ldi diet 38<br /> Iflc va cd quan dau nao khing chien ciia ten, lim bi thfldng gin 20 ten, chin dflng<br /> Viet Nam, v i cung chfla khep kin dfldc cuoc hanh quin tfl Chiem Hda len Ban Thi<br /> ggng kim theo ke hocich, quin P h i p d Bic cua thflc dan P h i p .<br /> Kan tang vien binh cho Chd Ddn. Ngay 18- Cflng thdi gian (dem 18-10), dfldc sfl giup<br /> 10-1947, quin P h i p huy dgng liic Ifldng dd ciia nhin din, sfl phoi hdp cua quin du<br /> khoang 80 linh, tfl Bic Kan tien vao Chd kfch xi Yen Thinh, Trfldng Vd Bi td chflc mgt<br /> Ddn, Theo hfldng Tiy Nam, quin Phap tien dgi "Quye't tii' gdm 8 chie'n si, do Nguyen Bgi<br /> 60 Rghien cuu Lich siir. s610.2010<br /> <br /> Dong lam tieu dgi trfldng, bf mat tip kich ddn Trong nhflng n i m 1951-1953, thflc d i n<br /> Yen Thinh, diet mgt s6' ten dich, p h i mgt dai Phap t i n g cfldng p h i hoai h i u phfldng va<br /> lien, ddng chi Dong bi thfldng vin binh tinh ATK khing chie'n tren dia ban Chd Ddn.<br /> chi huy quin nit lui an toan. Miy bay dich nhieu l i n n6m bom giy thiet<br /> Lflc Ifldng quan P h i p gin 300 ten tfl hai ve ngfldi v i ciia cho cic cd quan, xfldng<br /> Chd Ra (Ba Be), tie'n sang Ban Thi de tim may, khd tang. Quan, d i n cic xa da neu<br /> cich hgi q u i n vdi lflc Ifldng cua binh ddin cao tinh than doin ket, giup dd nhau, khic<br /> Commuynan tai Dai Thi (Chiem Hoa, phuc h i u qua chie'n tranh do dich giy ra,<br /> Tuyen Quang), khi de'n N i Ngang bi du ddng thdi giup dd cic cd quan, xfldng miy,<br /> kfch xa Mlu Ninh (Ba Be) phuc kfch diet 3 khd t i n g l i m lai l i n trai, nhanh chdng 6n<br /> ten. Ngay 20-10, chflng tdi Ban Thi, each dinh ndi san xui't va l i m viec.<br /> Dii Thi hdn 20km (7), Sau ngiy Bic Kan dfldc giai phdng<br /> Binh doin hon hdp linh thiiy dinh bg (1949), con dfldng sd 3 tfl Ha Ngi len Thii<br /> Commuynan tren dfldng hinh quan len Nguyen - Bic Kan - Cao Bing trd t h i n h<br /> Tuyen Quang, Chiem Hoi, lien tiep hi quin con dfldng giao thdng huyet mach cua cuoc<br /> ta phuc kfch, hi thiet hai ning, nhi't li trong khing chie'n. Dfldng 29 (Chd Ddn - Bic<br /> cic trin tren song L6 va hi chin dinh d Dim Kan) l i con dfldng quan trgng n6l lien ATK<br /> Hdng, nen khdng cd lien lac len Ban Thi. Chd Ddn vdi tinh ly Bic Kan v i cin cfl dia<br /> khing chie'n Viet Bic. Do viy, ngay tfl khi<br /> Chiem ddng sau trong vung cin cfl khing<br /> Chd Ddn dfldc giai phdng, chfnh quyen dia<br /> chien ciia ta, quin Phip rdi vid tinh the hi co<br /> phfldng da nhieu l i n huy dgng d i n cong ra<br /> lip, cd nguy cd bi tdn thi't ning ne hdn, sau<br /> siia chfla, tu bd, md rong dfldng 29.<br /> lin hi quin ta dinh dem 18-10, quin dich co'<br /> thu them ft ngiy rdi rut khdi Yen Thinh. De gdp sflc cho chie'n dich Bien gidi Thu<br /> Theo ke hoach hai ggng kim, quin P h i p - Ddng 1950, tfl t h i n g 1 den t h i n g 3-1950,<br /> hdp diem tai Ban Thi ngiy 13-10-1947, sau huyen Chd Ddn da huy dgng lien tuc 4 ddt<br /> dd hgi quin tai Dii Thi, song chung d i bi din cdng, moi ddt 500 ngfldi de s^a dfldng<br /> thi't bai, mfli dfli xuyen ngang ciia ke thfl s6' 3 bi p h i hoai ning ne trong chie'n tranh.<br /> qua Chd Ddn sang Tuyen Quang hi quin ta Nhd sfl nd lflc ddng gdp cua cac huyen, trong<br /> chat dflt. Sau thi't bai t r i n ngiy 18-10, bg dd cd Chd Ddn, den thing 4-1950, dfldng da<br /> p h i n quin P h i p d Dim Hdng lieu linh theo thdng xe, bao dam kip thdi cho cong cuoc<br /> dfldng s i t tien len Ban Thi de b i t lien lac, chuan bi Chie'n dich Bien gidi Thu - Ddng<br /> tdi ndi mdi biet l i quin P h i p vfla rut khdi 1950. Trong thing 10-1950, con xay ra<br /> ndi day, de t r i n h bi tieu diet huge chung nhieu t r i n mfla lu, giy hfl hdng nhieu doan<br /> phai quay trd lai diem xui't phit. dfldng 29, dfldng Qud'c 16 sd 3, ddng bio cic<br /> din tgc trong huyen da dong gdp hing trim<br /> Phai ddi phd vdi the t r i n chien tranh<br /> ngiy c6ng vao viec siia chfla.<br /> nhan din, hi quin v i d i n Chd Ddn phuc<br /> kich v i chin danh khIp ndi, quin Phip hi Sau chie'n t h i n g Bien gidi Thu - Dong<br /> thi't bai v i khdn do'n ve cac mit. Ngay 13- 1950, con dfldng Qude 16 sd 3, cing trd<br /> 11-1947, chung phai lu Ifldt rut quan khdi t h i n h dfldng giad thong trgng yeu. Vi thd,<br /> Chd Ddn, keo ve thi xa Bic Kan. Chd Ddn thflc d i n p h i p dung may bay ra sflc b i n<br /> hdin toin giai phdng sau 37 ngiy dem p h i con dfldng nay. Do miy bay dich b i n<br /> chien di'u (8). p h i quye't liet, lim hfl hai ning ne nhieu<br /> Rhan dan tinh Bac Kan voi Rn toan hhu... 61<br /> <br /> <br /> doan dfldng Qud'c 16 s6' 3, diu nam 1951, nghia vu cua h i u phfldng. N i m 1950, thflc<br /> thflc hien ke hoach cua tinh, trong ba hien ldi hieu trieu b i n thdc nudi quan ciia<br /> thing chie'n dich, Chd Ddn da huy dgng Hd Chii tich, nhan dan cic d i n tgc Chd<br /> 3420 ngfldi vdi hdn 160 con t r i u keo gd ra Ddn da ddng gdp 16.036 kg, dflng dau cic<br /> cong trfldng svia chfla cau dfldng (9). huyen trong tinh (12). Ddng thdi ddng bio<br /> Nim 1952, l i n i m ddng bao cac din tgc cdn ddng gdp cic khoan: thdc dfl trfl: 40.000<br /> d Chd Ddn da tap trung sflc ngfldi, sflc cua kg, thdc cho bg dgi dia phfldng: 44.000kg,<br /> chd chien trfldng. Tinh rieng trong t h i n g 5 tien dd d i u 21 tieu dgi dia phfldng: 18.000<br /> nim 1952, toan huyen d i huy dgng 4,500 ddng, tien may quin ao cho bg dgi dia<br /> din cong phuc vu c6ng t i e van chuyen cho phfldng: 42.000 ddng, dflng d i u tinh. Trdng<br /> quo'c phdng va hdn 100 d i n c5ng ra c6ng phdng trid thflc hien ldi keu ggi tiet kiem<br /> trfldng siia chfla ciu dfldng Qud'c 16 s6' 3, "Hu gao khing chie'n", tfl thing 1 de'n<br /> t h i n g 3 n i m 1951, phu nfl Chd ddn d i<br /> Ngoai tham gia hing van ngiy c6ng<br /> ddng gdp dfldc 138 kg gad.<br /> phuc vu chie'n dich giai phdng Bic Kan<br /> (1949), chie'n dich bien gidi (1950), s^a Chi em phu nfl cic dan tgc Chd Ddn<br /> chfla ciu dfldng Qud'c 16 s6' 3, ddng bio cic neu cao tinh t h i n yeu nfldc, ra sflc ddng<br /> din tgc vung ATK (Yen Thinh cu), Lfldng gdp cho k h i n g chie^n, trong 6 t h i n g d i u<br /> Bing, Nghia Ti... huyen Chd Ddn, cdn thflc n i m 1951 da quyen gdp 240 kg gao nep,<br /> hien nhiem vu phuc vu ATK. Hang thing nhieu loai thflc pham nhfl: rau, trflng, ca<br /> hang chuc lao dgng van chuyen chi (tfl xf chua, mang... tri gii gin 1.000 ddng, va<br /> nghiep Bic Sdn) va tien (tfl xfldng in tien), 800 ddng tien m i t va mgt s6' dd dflng sinh<br /> vfl khf dan dfldc (tfl xfldng quan gidi) d Ban hoat cho bg dgi. Cic phong trao "Hfldng<br /> Thi de'n Bic Kan hoac ve khu vflc phia flng mfla ddng binh si", "Giup dd thfldng<br /> Nam huyen. Ddi khi cdn cd nhflng ddt phuc binh"... deu dfldc ddng dao chi em hfldng<br /> vu dot xuit, trong t h i n g 9-1951, theo yeu flng, dat hi^u qua cao.<br /> ciu, huyen cii 33 ngfldi phuc vu Xfldng Ngiy 1-5-1951, Chfnh phu ban h i n h Sic<br /> H52, 7 ngfldi phuc vu xf nghiep Bic Sdn lenh ve thue nong nghiep, nhim dam bao<br /> (10). Viec di chuyen dia diem v i xiy dflng cdng bing ve nghia vu va quyen ldi cua<br /> cic cd quan trung fldng tren dia b i n huyen ngfldi ndng dan ddi vdi n h i nfldc.<br /> cflng dfldc nhan dan ndi diy ddng gdp hing Vdi chfnh sich dd, viec thu thue^ ndng<br /> ngin cdng lao dgng. nghiep d Chd Ddn n i m 1951 dat dfldc<br /> Diu n i m 1954, cdng tic van chuyen kho nhflng ket qua ding khich le. Tdng ket ddt<br /> tang trd t h i n h yeu ciu ci'p thie't. Thflc hien diu (tfnh den t h i n g 9-1951) viec thflc hien<br /> ke hoach cua tinh, trong t h i n g 4, Chd ddn ke hoach tfnh rieng d hai xa Nggc Bing v i<br /> da 16 chflc mgt doin gdm 50 xe trau v i 60 Nhu Viin dfldc gin 80 ti'n, vfldt mflc ke<br /> mang vin chuyen Ifldng thflc tfl Chd Ddn hoach, toan huyen ca n i m thue chfnh t i n g<br /> ra thi xi Bic Kan; ddng thdi td chflc mgt dat 98,8 % ke hoach (13),<br /> doan gdm 172 con ngiia thd, chuyen Ifldng Nim 1952, thue ndng nghiep toan<br /> thflc cic xa phia Nam ciia huyen ve kho huyen Chd Ddn dat dfldc 573.629 kg (14).<br /> Chd Chu (Dinh Hdi, Thii Nguyen) (11). Nam 1954, thu thue ndng nghiep ca hai<br /> Ngdii ra, ddng bio cic din tgc huyen loai chinh tang v i phu thu dat 906.838 kg,<br /> Chd Ddn cdn neu cao tinh than thflc hien vfldt ke hdach 90 ti'n.<br /> e2 Rghien cuu Lich si^. s6'10.2010<br /> <br /> Ben canh dd, trong nhflng n i m khing dfldc 99 ngfldi, \iidt 10% chi tieu ke hoach<br /> chie'n huyen Chd Ddn da huy dgng ddng tinh giao (16). Trong chien dich lich sii<br /> gop dfldc 6.300 ti'n thdc, 120 ti'n thit cic Dien Bien Phu hang ngan thanh nien cac<br /> loai v i hdn 500 ti'n rau, cii, qua cic loai cho dan tgc trong huyen da h i n g hai len dfldng<br /> cuoc khang chie'n (15), tham gia chie'n di'u v i phuc vu chien da'u,<br /> Ve c6ng t i c q u i n sfl, n i m 1950, huyen gdp p h i n l i m nen chie'n t h i n g liy Iflng<br /> Chd Ddn da lien tuc bd sung lflc Ifldng cho Dien Bien Phu chi'n dgng dia ciu.<br /> quan chii lflc, n h i m dap flng yeu cau cua Trong cuoc k h i n g chie'n, tuy dan sd d<br /> cic chien dich dae biet l i chie'n dich Bien huyen khong ddng nhflng Dang uy v i nhan<br /> gidi Thu - Dong 1950. Tinh rieng ddt tuyen din huyen Chd Ddn da cii 675 thanh nien<br /> binh 27-4-1950, ca tinh Bic Kan cd nhiem len dfldng n h i p ngu, 91 ngfldi di thanh<br /> vu tuyen 200 tan binh, thi Chd Ddn da cd nien di xung pheng, 14 ngin ngfldi di tham<br /> 35 ngfldi tham gia len dfldng tdng quin giet gia dan cdng phuc vu chien dich Dien Bien<br /> giac. D i u n i m 1952, toin huyen tuyen Phu.<br /> dfldc 89 ngfldi dat gin 90% sd vdi chi tieu Nhin lai lich svi hdn 60 n i m qua. Dang bg<br /> tren giao, dflng hang d i u so vdi cic huyen. v i n h i n d i n cic dan tgc tinh Bic Kan ngiy<br /> Ddng - Xuan 1953 - 1954, con em cic d i n nay tfl hio da cd vinh dfl tham gia xay dflng,<br /> tgc huyen Chd Ddn nao nflc xung phong bao ve v i phuc vu ATK cua Trung fldng d<br /> n h i p ngu. Tfnh rieng trong hai ddt tuyen Chd Ddn gdp p h i n dfla cuoc khang chie'n<br /> quin d i u n i m 1953, Chd Ddn da tuyen ch6'ng P h i p den thing ldi ve vang.<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1), T r u n g t a m cua ATK Chd Don nay thudc cac (10). Ban Chap h a n h Dang bd huyen Chd Ddn,<br /> xa LUdng B i n g , Nghia Ta, Binh Trung. Bdo cdo Bgi hgi Bdng bg huyen Cha Don ldn thii<br /> (2). Nay thude dia phan cua xa Yen Thinh (cU). nhdt, lUu trii tai Kho LUu trii Tinh uy Bfie Kan,<br /> (3). Dudng sfit rdng 0,8 met. (11). Huyen uy Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo sd'20/BC-HU<br /> (4), Mdt trong nhUng ngUdi cua Nha Nghien ngdy 23-8-1954, Itfu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan.<br /> ciiu che tao via khi dUdc phong anh hiing lao ddng (12), Nghi quye't Hgi nghi Ban chdp hdnh tinh<br /> la dong chi Ngd Gia Kham, Ddng bg Bdc Kgn hgp tii ngdy 17-4 de'n ngdy 20-4-<br /> (5). Huyen iiy Chd Don, Lich sii Bdng bg huyen 1950, luu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan,<br /> Cho Don (1930-1954), Huyen uy Chd Don xua't (13), Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh huy^n<br /> ban, 1993, tr. 63, Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo thiic hien thue'nong nghiep huyen<br /> (6), (7). Dang liy - Bd ehi huy quan sU tinh Bac Cha Ddn, lUu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan.<br /> Kan: Bac Kgn lich sii khdng chie'n chdng Phdp (14), Uy ban Khang chie'n H a n h chinh huyen<br /> (1945-1954), Nxb. Quan ddi N h a n dan, Ha Ndi, Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo ndm 1952, lUu tai Kho LUu trQ<br /> 2001, tr. 110, 111. tinh uy Bfie Kan,<br /> (8). Tinh Dang bd Bfie Kan, Bdo cdo ba thdng ihU (15). Cha Don anh hiing. Bao Bfie Kan, sd' dfi.-;<br /> nhdt ndm 1949, lUu tai kho LUu trQ tinh iiy Bfie Kan. biet (14-12-2000).<br /> (9), Uy ban Khang chie'n Hfinh chinh tinh Bfie Kan, (16). Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh huyfn<br /> Bdo cdo thdnh tich sita dUdng Bac Kan, lUu trii tai Kho Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo 6 thdng ddu ndm 1953, luu tai<br /> lUu trQ Ban Nghien ciiu Lieh sii Dang Thai Nguyen, Kho LUu trQ tinh iiy Bfie Kan.<br />