Nhiên liệu sinh học tương lai của phát triển bền vững

NHlfeN LifeU SINH HOC<br /> TUONG LAI CUA PHAT TRIEN fif N VUNG<br /> <br /> <br /> NGUYfeN VAN MINH*<br /> <br /> L D^T VAN Dl^ dao ddng theo chilu hudng di xudng la do<br /> Nang lupng ndi chung va ndng lupng cho gia ddu tren tang nhu 6 Hoa Ky, EU, cac<br /> giao thdng vdn tai ndi rieng chfnh la nhung nudc Chau A,.. .Viet Nam cQng khdng ngoai<br /> ddng luc chfnh dl phat trien kinh t l xa hdi va IS.<br /> ndng cao chdt lupng cude sdng. Cho din Hien nay ddu md chid'm hon 35% tdng<br /> ngay nay, nang lupng ddu md vdn la ngudn mQc tieu thu nhien lieu thuong mai chit ydu<br /> nang lupng chinh, chua thi nao thay the' cua todn t h i gidi. Xlp thQ hai la than da<br /> dupc. Day la ngudn nang lupng khoang (chie'm 23%) va khf thien nhien diing thQ 3<br /> thach, dupc hinh thanh do lich sQ trai ddt tao (chie'm 21%). Nhiing loai nhien lieu hda<br /> nen, du tru lupng cd nhilu den ddu, vdi tdc thach nay la ngudn phat thai khf nha kfnh<br /> dp khai thdc hien nay thi cung se can kiet. chu ye'u gdy ndng len todn cdu va lam bien<br /> Theo ke't qua dilu tra cua tdp dodn ddu md ddi khf hdu. Cac loai nhien lieu sinh hpc<br /> BP cua Anh qud'c, trQ lupng ddu md trdn trdi chie'm khoang 10% tdng mQc tieu thti nang<br /> dd't da khao sat dupc khoang 150 ty tdn. Nam lupng chu yeu trdn toan cdu, nang lupng loai<br /> 2003, lupng ddu md tren trai ddt tieu thu la nay dudi dang nhien lieu rdn, khf sinh hpc,<br /> khoang 3,6 ty tdn. Ne'u khdng dupc phdt hien nhien lieu long nhu ethanol sinh hpc va<br /> them nhung ngudn mdi thi lupng ddu md diezel sinh hpc Idy tQ cac loai cdy trdng nhu<br /> tren the' gidi chi du dung trong khoang 40 cay mfa dudng, cii cai dudng va cac loai cd<br /> nam nua. Theo cdc chuyen gia kinh t l tren nang lupng hoac tQ gd nhidn heu, than cui,<br /> the' gidi, trong vdng 15 nam nQa, cung vdn chdt thai ndng nghiep va cac san phdm phu,<br /> ludn thdp hon cdu ddu md, chfnh vi nhu cdu nhiing phi thai rQng, phdn vdt nudi va cdc<br /> vl xang ddu va khf dd't khdng thdy diem san phdm khdc.<br /> dQng nhu vay da ddy manh gia ddu tren the'<br /> gidi, rat khd cd kha ndng giam xudng dudi Uy ban lien chfnh phu vl Bie'n ddi khf hdu<br /> 50 USD/ thung ma cdn tang vdi tdc dd chdng toan cdu (IPCC) da canh bao su ndng ddn len<br /> mat. Theo phien giao dich tai thi trudng de'n mQc bao ddng cua trdi ddt. Ndng dd khi<br /> Chdu Au sdng ngdy 21/4/2010, gia ddu tai nha kfnh (chir yeu la CO2 do ddt nhilu nhien<br /> day da len tdi 84 USD/thung va tai thi trudng lieu) da tang len khoang 30% so vdi thdi ky<br /> Bac My, gid ddu cdn nhich cao hon: 84,80 tiln cdng nghiep (tQ 280 ppm len 360 ppm)<br /> USD/thung. da lam nhiet dp trai ddt tang Idn 0,6-0,8°C va<br /> muc nudc bien tang len khoang 20-25 cm.<br /> Ngudn nang lupng trdn the' gidi lai chu Hien tupng trai ddt ndng len la thach thQe<br /> ylu tap chung d cac khu vuc ludn cd tinh Idn nhdt cho su phat triln cua xa hdi chung<br /> hinh bdt dn dinh nhu Trung Ddng (chiem 2/3 ta vao the'ky 21.<br /> trQ lupng ddu md tren t h i gidi), Trung A,<br /> Trung Phi,... Mdi dpt khung hoang gid ddu Trong the' ky 21, su chuyin ddi quan trpng<br /> lai lam lay chuyen cac nIn kinh td' tren the tQ nIn kinh te' dua vdo nhien Ueu hda thach<br /> gidi, dae biet la cac nudc dang phat triln. sang nIn kinh te dua vdo nang lupng sinh hoc<br /> Theo ke't qua nghien cQu cua cdc td chQc tren<br /> the gidi, nIn kinh te the' gidi nam 2005 cd • Vien Nghien curu Moi trucmg va Phat trien ben vumg.<br /> <br /> <br /> Q<br />  Nguyen VSn Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc ...<br /> <br /> ma nang lupng sinh hpc dupc tao ra bdi han che do chua ha dupc gid thanh san xudt<br /> nhien lieu sinh hpc, su chuyin ddi se gdp xudng thdp hon so vdi nhien lieu truyin<br /> phdn rdt Idn vdo su nghiep phat triln bin thd'ng. Trong tuong lai, khi ngudn nhien lieu<br /> vQng ciia chung ta ddng tlidi giup giam nhe truyin thd'ng can kiet, nhidn lieu sinh hpc cd<br /> bie'n ddi khf hau toan cdu cung vdi su an kha nang la ngudn thay thi.<br /> ninh nang lupng va gdp phdn binh dn nIn Nhien lieu sinh hpc (nhien lieu rdn, khf<br /> kinh t l hien nay. sinh hpc, nhien lieu long nhu ethanol sinh<br /> H. N H I £ N L I E U SINH HOC • XU THE hpc vd diezel sinh hpc) dupc triet sudt ra tQ<br /> PHAT T R i f N CUA TUONG LAI cdc loai cdy trdng nhu cdy mfa dudng, cu<br /> 1. Khai niem Nhien lieu sinh hoc cai dudng va cdc loai cd nang lupng hoac tQ<br /> gd nhien lieu, than cui, chdt thai ndng<br /> Nhien lieu sinh hpc (Renewable Fuel) la nghiep va cdc san phdm phu, nhQng phe thai<br /> nhQng nhien lieu cd ngudn gdc tQ cac vat riing, phdn vat nudi va cac san phdm khac.<br /> lieu sinh khdi nhu cui, gd, rom, trdu, phdn<br /> va md ddng vdt... nhung ddy chi la nhQng Nhien lieu sinh hpc la khdi niem chung<br /> dang nhien lieu thd. Nhien lieu sinh hpc ehl tdt ca nhiing dang nhien lieu cd ngudn<br /> dung cho giao thdng van tai chu yeu gdm: gdc sinh hpc, cd the tam chia thanh cdc<br /> cac loai cdn san xudt bang cdng nghe sinh nhdm sau:<br /> hpc dl san xudt ra Gasohol (Methanol, - Xang sinh hpc - xang pha cdn ethanol.<br /> Ethanol, Buthanol, nhien lieu tdng hpp - Diezel sinh hpc - diezel pha cdn ethanol<br /> Fischer Tropsch); cac loai ddu sinh hpc de hoac ddu thuc vat nhU ddu dQa, cp, ddu hat cai,...<br /> san xudt diesel sinh hpc (ddu thuc vat, ddu - Sinh khdi - rom ra, cui, ba mfa, trdu,...<br /> thuc vdt phe' thai, md ddng vat). Hay ndi<br /> each khdc, nhien lieu sinh hpc la loai nhien - Khf sinh hpc - nhQng loai hdn hpp khf tao<br /> lieu dupc hinh thanh tQ cac hpp chdt cd thanh do su phan buy ylm khf trong ndng,<br /> ngudn gdc ddng thuc vdt (sinh hpc). Vf du lam nghiep, chan nudi, xQ ly chdt thai,...<br /> nhu nhien lieu che' xudt tQ chdt beo cua Trong dd, hai dang nhien lieu sinh hpc<br /> ddng thuc vdt (md ddng vdt, ddu dQa,...), dupc san xudt, sQ dung d quy md cdng<br /> ngu cdc (lua my, ngd, dau tuong...), chdt nghiep la xang sinh hpc va diezel sinh hpc,<br /> thai trong ndng nghiep (rom ra, phan,...), d ddy chung ta quan tam chu yeu den hai<br /> san phdm thai trong cdng nghiep (mun cua, dang nay.<br /> san phdm gd thai...), Loai nhien lieu nay cd + Diezel sinh hgc la nhien lieu diezel<br /> nhilu uu dilm ndi bat so vdi cac loai nhien dupc san xudt tQ ddu thuc vat nhu ddu<br /> lieu truyin thd'ng (ddu khf, than da...), thi canola, ddu dau nanh hoac md ddng vat ke't<br /> hien d cdc dae tfnh sau: hpp vdi mpt loai cdn metanol hay ethanol cd<br /> Tfnh chat than thien vdi mdi trudng: the sQ dung cho xe chay ddng co diezel.<br /> chung sinh ra ft ham lupng khf gay hieu Qng Ngudi ta thudng pha che them 2 - 1 0 %<br /> nha kfnh (mdt hieu ling vat ly khien Trdi ddu thuc vat hay 5 - 10% cdn ethanol khan<br /> Ddt ndng len) va It gdy d nhilm mdi trudng vao ddu diezel va dung thay thi cho diezel<br /> hon cac loai nhien lieu truyin thd'ng. truyin thd'ng ma khdng cdn cd su thay ddi<br /> Ngudn nhien lieu tdi sinh: cac nhien lieu nao vl ddng co. Tuy nhien, sQ dung true tiep<br /> nay Idy tQ boat ddng san xudt ndng nghiep ddu thuc vat gay ra mdt so vdn dl ky thuat<br /> vd cd the tdi sinh. Chung giup giam su le nen thdng thudng phai biln tfnh hda ddu<br /> thudc vao ngudn tai nguyen nhien lieu thuc vdt trudc khi pha che' vdi diezel.<br /> khdng tdi sinh truyin thd'ng. + Mng sinh hgc (con) la dang nhien lieu<br /> Tuy nhien, hien nay vdn dl su dung sinh hpc dang dupe san xuat, sQ dung vdi khdi<br /> Nhien lieu sinh hpc vao ddi sdng cdn nhilu lupng rdt Idn, nam 2004 san lupng cdn tren<br /> <br /> <br /> N^ien ciru Phit trien ben vung, so 3 (28) - Thing 9/2010 m<br />  NguySn Van Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc<br /> <br /> thi gidi khoang gdn 40 ty lit trong dd cd de'n EU da keu gpi cac qud'c gia tang cudng sQ<br /> 60-65% dupc dung lam nhien lieu. San lupng dung nhien lieu sinh hpc vdi ty le gia tang<br /> cdn san xudt tdp trung chu yeu b mdt sd khu 5,7% vao nam 2010*^' va dat 20% vao nam<br /> vuc (xem bang 1) nhu sau: 2020. Nghien cQu sQ dung nhien heu sinh hpc<br /> BANG 1: San lupng con san xuat d mot hien nay da trd thanh xu the' phdt triln tdt yeu<br /> d nhilu qud'c gia de thay thi xang ddu cac thdp<br /> so' qudc gia tren the gidi<br /> ky tdi. Du bdo, cud'i the ky 21, nang lupng tai<br /> TT Khu vuc, quoc gia<br /> San luong tao trong dd cd nhien lieu sinh hpc, se chiem<br /> (ty lit/ nam) hon 50% so nang lupng thuong mai.<br /> 1 Braxin 14,0 Nhilu qud'c gia trong 2-3 thap ky qua da tap<br /> 2 My 10,0 trung nghien cQu sQ dung nhien lieu sinh hpc<br /> 3 Trung Qudc 3,0 (xang/diesel pha ethanol va diesel sinh hpc),<br /> 4 Lien bang Nga 2,5 thay thi xang ddu truyin thd'ng, tien tdi xdy<br /> 5 AnDd 2,0 dung nganh, "xang ddu sach". The' gidi da cd<br /> 6 Cac nudc Tay Au 2,0 khoang 50 nudc khai thdc va sQ dung nhien<br /> lieu sinh hpc; trong dd di ddu phai ke ddn<br /> Nguon: biocarburant.com<br /> Braxin, My, Trung Qud'c, An Dp, Thai Lan va<br /> Theo du bdo, trong vdng 10 nam nQa, ft<br /> cac nudc Chdu Au.<br /> nhdt 60% sd xe hoi dang van hanh trdn the' gidi<br /> se sQ dung nhung loai nhien heu sach thay vi Neu nhu nam 2003 thi gidi mdi ehi san<br /> dung xang. Hdu het thdn va la cua cdc loai cdy xudt dupc khoang 38 ty 1ft ethanol thi den nam<br /> ma chung ta dang gieo trdng hien nay, rdc thai 2005 da san xudt dupc 50 ty 1ft (trong dd cd tdi<br /> 75% dung lam nhien Ueu sinh hpc) va du kiln<br /> hay dd phe' thai diu cd the dung de chiit xudt<br /> den nam 2012 dat khoang 80 ty lit. Diesel sinh<br /> thanh nhung nhien lieu sach thay vi dot chdy<br /> hpc ngudn gdc ddng thuc vdt san xudt nam<br /> chung.<br /> 2005 dat 4 trieu tdn va du kie'n din nam 2010<br /> 2. Tinh hinh phat trien nang iupmg tren se tang len 20 trieu tdn.<br /> the gidi<br /> Theo cdc chuyen gia nhdn dinh, ly do dl<br /> Tdt ca cac dang nhien heu diu cdn thie't va cdc nude lua chpn nhien Ueu sinh hpc bdi<br /> cd vi tri tuong xQng trong tQng giai doan. Ddu ngudn nguydn Ueu thuc vat tdn tai phong phu<br /> md da cd nhung ddng gdp to Idn ddi vdi su va cd kha nang tdi tao, cung cdp vdi sd lupng<br /> phdt trien cua nhdn loai trong hon mdt the ky Idn de thay the' khi gid xang ddu dang bien<br /> qua ke tQ khi E.Drake Idn ddu tien tim ra nd tai ddng.<br /> Pennsylvania (My) vao nam 1959 va hien nay San lupng nhidn Ueu sinh hpc the gidi da<br /> vdn la ngudn nhien heu chit yeu. Xdng ddu va tdng 28% (tQ 44 ty h i nam 2006), nhien heu<br /> cdc san phdm hda ddu vdn dang dem lai su etanol tang 22% va diezel sinh hpc tang 80%.<br /> phat trien cho nhdn loai. Song viec hoach dinh Mac du cdc loai diezel sinh hpc chi chilm gdn<br /> chfnh sach va van hanh nIn kiiih te dua vao 1% san lupng cung cdp nhien lieu long toan<br /> viec khai thdc qud mQc ngudn ddu md khi da cdu, nhung su tang manh san lupng cdc loai<br /> cd canh bdo ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien nay nhien heu suih hpc trong nam 2006 da ddp Qng<br /> se can kipt vao cud'i the ky 21 la mdu phdt trien 17% nhu cdu cung cdp tang them ciia cac loai<br /> khdng bin vung vl an ninh nang lupng ndi nhien lieu long tren toan the' gidi cua nam<br /> rieng va khdng bin vung ndi chung. 2006.<br /> An ninh ndng lupng ludn gan liln vdi an Ben canh dd, viec sQ dung nhien heu sinh<br /> ninh qudc gia, an ninh kinh te' va dupc dat len vi hpc cdn han che gay d nhilm mdi trudng, lam<br /> Ui quan trpng hang ddu cua mdi qud'c gia trong<br /> chidn lupc phat trien bin vung. Nhien Ueu sinh<br /> (1). Chi tieu nay da dat dupc ma con vupt miic,<br /> hpc dang dupc hdu het cac qud'c gia trong dd cd de'n nam 2010 ty le sii dung nhien lieu sinh hoc da<br /> Viet Nam hudng tdi sQ dung rdng rai. dat dupc 10%.<br /> <br /> m Nghien ciru Phit trien ben vOng, so 3 (28) - Thing 9/2010<br />  NguySn Van Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc ...<br /> <br /> giam hieu Qng nha kfnh va cd the mua ban, san xudt ethanol Idn thQ 2 the gidi nay se tang<br /> chuyin nhupng, thu lpi thdng qua cac du an dien tfch trdng mfa, tQ 2,5% tdng dien tfch ddt<br /> Co che phdt trien sach (CDM). Ngoai ra, phat canh tac tren todn qud'c hien nay len 5%.<br /> triln nhien Ueu sinh hpc se gdp phdn xay dung Ngoai ra, Braxin eung cd ke hoach xuat khau<br /> nganh kinh te ndng nghiep ngoai chQe nang 13 ty U't ethanol vdo nam 2015. Nam 2007,<br /> cung cdp luong thuc cdn la nguyen Ueu ddu nude nay da san xudt 18 ty Kt ethanol, trong dd<br /> vao cho nang lupng va ndng cao dupc gid tri xud't khdu 3 ty Kt.<br /> ciia san xudt ndng nghiep. Hien nay. My la qud'c gia san xudt ethanol<br /> Braxin la qud'c gia ddu tien tren the' gidi cd Idn nhdt thi gidi (nam 2006 dat gdn 19 ty lit,<br /> cdng dua Nhien Ueu sinh hpc trd thanh dang trong dd 15 ty Kt dung lam nhien Ueu - chiem<br /> nhien lieu phd bien nhu ngdy nay. Vao ddu khoang 3% thi trudng xang). Nam 2012 se<br /> nhiing nam 1970, gid ddu md tang dot bien da cung cdp tren 28 ty Ut ethanol va diesel sinh<br /> khien cho cac nha khoa hpc Braxin nghT den hpc, chilm 3,5% lupng xang ddu sQ dung.<br /> viec tdn dung thi manh vl nganh mfa dudng Dl khuyen khich sir dung nhieu lieu sach,<br /> ciia minh de san xudt ethanol lam nhien lieu Chfnh phu da thue hien viec giam thue 0,50<br /> thay thd mdt phdn cho nhien Ueu truyin thdng, USD/gaUon ethanol vd 1 USD/gaUon diesel<br /> nham giam di sur le thudc vao ngudn ddu md sinh hpc, hd trp cdc doanh nghiep nhd san xuat<br /> nhap khdu. nhien Ueu sinh hpc. Ngudi diing ddu Nha trdng<br /> Trai qua gdn 40 nam phat triln, ngay nay da tuyen bd se dua nudc My thodt khdi su phu<br /> nganh cdng nghiep san xudt cdn va Nhien lieu thudc ddu md tQ nudc ngodi bdng each ddu tu<br /> sinh hpc cua Braxin da trd thanh nganh kinh te Idn de tao cdng nghe mdi san xudt nang lupng<br /> trpng yeu cua ddt nudc vdi doanh thu hang saeh va nhien Ueu sinh hpc.<br /> nam len tdi gdn 10 ty USD. Hien cd khoang Nude My san xuat va sQ dung nhien Ueu<br /> 4,2 trieu xe d td chay hoan toan bang cdn khan sinh hpc vdi quan diem hoan toan khac vdi<br /> va 7,2 trieu xe khac sQ dung nhien lieu hdn Braxin (do My xudt phdt tQ nhu cdu giai quyet<br /> hpp - xang pha 22 - 24% cdn. Ca nudc cd tdi tam thdi viec thieu thi trudng tieu thu ngd).<br /> 25.000 tram cung cdp cae dang Nhien lieu sinh Nam 1978, Tdng thdng J.Carter la ngudi ddu<br /> hpc d khdp noi trong ea nude. tien dua ra chuong trinh giam thue cho cae nha<br /> Kl hoach cua Braxin san xudt 50 ty 1ft san xudt cdn nhien Ueu. Chfnh sach nay dam<br /> ethanol va 3,5 ty 1ft ddu diezel sinh hpc vao bao tieu thu dupe lupng ngd thQa cung cac<br /> nam 2015, cao gdp 1,5 Idn san lupng hien nay, dang ngu cdc kem chat lupng ma viec edt giu<br /> ddng thdi khang dinh san lupng va gia luong bao quan se khdng cd hieu qua kinh te. Ben<br /> thirc tai qud'c gia Nam My nay se khdng bi anh canh dd, cupc khimg hodng vl ddu m.d trong<br /> hudng bdi viee ddy manh san xudt hai loai nhQng nam 1970 cung la mdt yeu td tfch cue<br /> Nhien heu sinh hpc nay trong tuong lai. dd'i vdi Chuong trinh nhien Ueu sinh hpc eua<br /> Phdn Idn lupng ddu diezel sinh hpc se dupc My. Thdi gian gdn day, nhien lieu sinh hpc<br /> chie't xudt tiir dau tuong vd cdc loai cay Idy ddu dupc sQ dung rdng rai d 36 bang ciia My lai la<br /> khdc nhu cp, bdng va hudng duong. Braxin se do dp lue vl vdn dl mdi trudng. Viec su dung<br /> md rdng dien tfch trdng ddu tuong len 90 trieu nhien Ueu sinh hpc giup giam thieu lupng khf<br /> ha, trong dd 75 trieu ha se phuc vu cho san thai ddc hai, mat khde chfnh thanh phan<br /> xudt luong thuc va 15 trieu ha phuc vu san ethanol cd trong xang lam tang tri so C'ctan eho<br /> xudt nhien Ueu. Vao nam 2015, thanh phan nhien Ueu, ban che viec dung phu gia tang tri<br /> ddu diezel su dung tai Braxin se bao gdm 5% sd d'etan ma phu gia nay cung la tde nhan gay<br /> diezel sinh hpc va 95% diezel san xudt tQ ddu d nhilm.<br /> thd. Tai Trung Qud'c, theo du tinh eua cac<br /> Trong khi dd, viee san xudt ethanol se vdn chuyen gia, din nam 2010, Trung Qud'c se san<br /> dua tren cdng nghe hien nay va Braxin se tang xudt khoang 6 trieu tdn ddu nhien Ueu sinh<br /> gap ddi dien tfch canh tac mfa. Du kiln, nudc hpc, trong dd cd 5 trieu tdn Ethyl alcohol va 1<br /> <br /> Nghien ciru Phit trien ben vung, so 3 (28) - Thing 9/2010<br />  NguySn Van Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc ...<br /> <br /> trieu tan ddu diesel sinh hpc; den nam 2020, Ky thuat trdng va cdng nghe san xudt nhien<br /> san lupng ddu nhien Ueu sinh hpc se dat tdi 19 lieu cdn cua Trung Qud'c hien da rdt thanh<br /> trieu tdn, trong dd 10 trieu tdn Ethyl alcohol va thao, hien tai san lupng nam da dat tdi 5.000<br /> 9 trieu tdn ddu diesel sinh hpc. t&i. Cdc tinh Hdc Long Giang, khu tu tri Ndi<br /> Phat hiln nganh nang lupng ndng, 1dm tren Mdng, khu to tri Dan tdc Duy Ngd NM Tan<br /> quy md Idn cd thi thuc hien mdt each hieu qua Cuong, tinh Son Ddng, tinh Lieu Ninh,... da<br /> viec phii xanh ddt trdng ddi trpc, giam thilu su xay dung duoc cdc khu cdng nghiep trdng trpt<br /> xam Idh vd mdt ddt. SQ dung mdt lupng Idn va gia cdng nhien Ueu cdn tQ cdy cao luong.<br /> nhien Ueu sinh hpc cd y nghTa dot pha trong Gia thanh san xudt loai nhien Ueu nay tQ<br /> viec thay ddi va bao ve mdi trudng ciia Trung cdy cao luong chi cd 3.500 NTD/tdn. CQ 16 tdn<br /> Qud'c. cdy cao luong ed the san xudt dupc 1 tan cdn,<br /> So vdi nhien Ueu hda ddu, nhien Ueu sinh phdn ba cdn lai cd thi chiit xudt them dupc<br /> hpc sinh ra rdt ft tap chdt gdy d nhilm mdi 500kg ddu diesel sinh hpc. Ngudi ta chi che'<br /> trudng nhu d-xft nito va d-xft luu huynh. Do su bie'n nhien Ueu tQ thdn cay, phdn hat cao luong<br /> hap thu vd thai cdcbonfc eiia loai ddu nay hinh vdn dl dung lam thuc phdm. Ddy Id loai cay cd<br /> thanh nen tudn hodn cacbon trong tu nhien, tfnh thfch ling cao, cd the chiu ban, chiu mudi,<br /> nen mQc thai cdebon ludn thdp hon mQc binh kilm va ft sau benh hon cac gid'ng cay khdc.<br /> thudng cua cdc loai nang lupng khdc. Mfa la loai cay nguyen lieu dudng quan<br /> TQ ddu nhQng nam 90, Trung Qud'c da bdt trpng cua Trung Qud'c, thudng dupe trdng d<br /> ddu nghien cQu phdt triln ngudn nhien Ueu va cdc tinh phfa Nam. Mfa da tung la loai pay xoa<br /> cdng nghe chuyin ddi nhien Ueu sinh hpc, ddi giam ngheo cho ngudi dan vung nay,<br /> dung ky thudt truyin thd'ng dl san xudt cac san nhung ngdy nay, nhu cdu sQ dung dudng im'a<br /> phdm dang ddu va cdn tQ cay luong thuc va da bi giam sut do su xdm nhdp cua cac loai<br /> cay cd ddu, nhung cae san phdm nay liic dd chi dudng tdng hpp, do dd khu vuc trdng mfa b<br /> phuc vu trong nganh thue phdm vd cdng phia Nam chu yeu dung dl san xudt cdn, san<br /> nghiep nhe. lupng mfa tren dien tfch khoang 2600 m^ cd<br /> the che' bien dupc 1 tdn cdn. Cung gid'ng nhu<br /> Nam 2001, Trung Qud'c thuc hien quyet cdy cao luong, ba mfa cung cd thi san xudt ra<br /> dinh pha them cdn (ethyl ancohol) vao trong ddu diesel sinh hoc.<br /> xang, ddng thdi Cue Giam dinh chat lupng ky<br /> Ngudn nguyen Ueu nhien Ueu sinh hpc cua<br /> thudt Nhd nudc da ban hanh tieu chudn qudc<br /> Trung Qudc chii yeu phu thudc vdo dien tich<br /> gia dd'i vdi "Su thay ddi nhien lieu cdn" va<br /> trdng trpt. Theo thd'ng ke, tai nguyen ddt cd the<br /> "Xang xe cd pha cdn". Nhd nude Trung Qud'c<br /> dung eho nganh nang lupng ndng nghiep<br /> da ddu tu hon 5 ty nhdn dan te (NDT) dl xay khoang 7,6 trieu ha, ne'u tfnh theo cdy cao<br /> dung 4 doanh nghiep chuyen su dung nhien luong thi cd thi san xuat dupe 28,5 trieu tdn<br /> Ueu cdn tren toan qud'c, tdng nang sudt tren 1 cdn va 14,25 trieu tan ddu diesel sinh hpc, dien<br /> trieu tdn. tfch nay khdng h i anh hudng din quy hoach<br /> TQ thdng 10/2004, cdc tinh thanh Hdc Long dat dung trong ndng nghiep.<br /> Giang, Ha Nam, An Huy, Cat Ldm, Lieu Ninh Dien tfch ddt dung eho nganh nang lupng<br /> va mdt sd khu vuc thudc cdc tinh Hd Bde, Sen ndng nghiep khoang 67,5 trieu ha, nlu tfnh<br /> Ddng, Ha Bde va Giang Td da bdt budc su theo cdy hoang hen vd cay day thi cd the san<br /> dung xang cdn; den nam 2005, d nhung noi xudt dupc 200 trieu tdn ddu diesel sinh hpc,<br /> tren ngoai quan dpi va du trQ qud'c gia ra, cae dien tich nay chi anh hudng rat ft den dien tich<br /> loai xe diu phai dung nhien Ueu nay thay thi quy hoach dung trong nganh lam nghiep.<br /> eae loai xang ddu khdc. Ngoai ra, Trung Qudc cdn nghien cQu phdt<br /> Gid eua mdi tdn luong thuc dl san xudt triln khai thac mdt loai nguyen Ueu mdi la tao.<br /> nhien lieu la 3.000 NDT, sau khi gia cdng, gid Khi nghien cQu loai ddu sinh hpc tQ tao thanh<br /> ciia mdi tdn nhien Ueu edn la tren 4.000 NDT. cdng se dupc dua vao san xuat, quy md san<br /> <br /> Nghien ciru Phit then ben vQng, so 3 (28) • Thing 9/2010<br />  NguySn Van Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc ...<br /> <br /> xudt loai ddu nay cd thi dat tdi hang chuc trieu Ueu hda thach do Cdng ty Ddu khf qud'c doanh<br /> tdii. Pertamina cung ling. Tai tinh Lampung d dao<br /> Dai hpc hai duong Thanh Dao - Trung Sumatra, Tdng Cdng ty dien luc nha nudc PLN<br /> Qudc cung da nhan trdch nhiem nghien cQu dang sQ dung ddu cp trong mdt du an thf dilm<br /> cdng nghe nhdn gid'ng va trdng tao biln, hp hudng tdi viec chuyin tdt ea nha may dien<br /> cung da cd kinh nghiem phdt triln ngudn khdp ea nudc sang dung toan diesel sinh hpc<br /> nguyen Ueu tao nudc ngpt va tao nudc man. vao nam 2010.<br /> Nlu cd thi ke't hpp cdng nghe sinh hpc hien Ngoai cdy cp ddu, Inddnexia cdn chu y de'n<br /> dai va ky thuat nudi trdng truyin thd'ng thi se cdy cd ddu khac la jatropha. Do phai trdng tren<br /> cd thi nudi trdng gid'ng tao Idy dau san lupng ddt mau md nen cac ddn diln trdng ep dang<br /> cao tren quy md Idn. chie'm dung mdt phdn khdng nhd trong quy ddt<br /> Tai Inddnexia, tfnh den nam 2008, nhien canh tdc cay ndng nghiep, trong khi cay<br /> Ueu sinh hpc cua Inddnexia da dap Qng 1% jatropha cd thi mpe tren nhung vung ddt khd<br /> tdng nhu cdu nang lupng trong ddn dung, 5% can. Dd la chua ndi den ehi phi lap mdt ddn<br /> trong cdng nghiep va dang cd xu hudng tang diln trdng jatropha chi bdng 1/10 ddn diln<br /> ddn vao cdc nam sau. Chfnh phit Inddnexia du trdng cp.<br /> kiln de'n 2010 se tao ra 3,5 trieu viec lam, 5,5 Trudc tinh trang ddu cp tang gid do nhu cdu<br /> trieu ha trdng jatropha, mfa dudng va sdn dl tang manh, nhilu cdng ty kinh doanh nhien<br /> san xudt nhidn Ueu sinh hpc va se giam 10% lieu sinh hoc d Chau Au dang td ra chudng ddu<br /> sQ dung nang lupng hda thach. jatropha. Nha khoa hpc Robert Manurung-<br /> Giam ddc Trung tdm nghien cQu cdng nghe<br /> Bd Nang lupng nudc nay cho bilt da cd k l<br /> sinh hpc thudc Vien cdng nghe Bandung cho<br /> hoach ddu tu khoang 22 ty USD trong 5 nam<br /> bilt: mdt so cdng ty nude ngoai dang xuc tiln<br /> tdi dl thuc ddy sQ dung nhidn Ueu thay the tQ<br /> du dn bao tieu 1 trieu ha cdy jatropha vdi ndng<br /> cae loai cdy trdng, nhu cp ddu, san, huong hai<br /> dan 3 tinh Papua, KaUmantan va Nusa<br /> ly va ba dudng. Cdc loai cp ddu mdi nay cd the<br /> Tenggara. Mdi ddy, mdt cdng ty Ha Lan da ddt<br /> hda vdi xang, ddu hda va diesel dl giam nhdp<br /> mua 1 trieu tan ddu jatropha nguyen chat.<br /> khdu ddu va gid nhien Ueu. Hien Inddnexia Id<br /> nudc san xudt ddu cp Idn thQ hai the' gidi. Bd Theo David Chang, chuyen gia nghien ciiu<br /> Nang lupng du bao, nhien Ueu sinh hpc se cua UOBKay Hian Securities, mac du nhu cdu<br /> chilm khoang 10% tdng san phdm nhien heu d cd thi tang vpt trong thdi gian tdi nhung nhien<br /> Inddnexia vao nam 2012. lieu sinh hpc khd cd the danh dd vi tri nang<br /> lupng chu dao cua xang ddu d Inddnexia ndi<br /> Thien nhien uu dai cho qud'c gia nay ngudn rieng vd tren thi gidi ndi chung. San lupng ddu<br /> nhien lieu hda thach ddi dao. Nhung hien nay, cp cua Malaixia va Inddnexia dap Qng khoang<br /> trQ lupng ddu md cua Inddndxia chi du dung 90% nhu cdu eiia the gidi nhung chi tuong<br /> tdi da trong 25 nam, khi ddt trong 60 nam va duong khoang 3% nhu cdu nhien Ueu hda<br /> than da trong 150 nam. Theo AI Hilal Hamdi, thach hien nay tren toan cau. Va do phai ddnh<br /> ngudi diing ddu Uy ban qud'c gia vl nghien dien tfch ddt trdng cho cdy luong thuc trong<br /> cQu phdt triln nhien lieu sinh hpc trong tuong khi cae ddn diln dau cp mdt den 4 nam mdi cd<br /> lai, nhien Ueu sinh hpc se bao dam an ninh thi thu hoach nen trudc mdt Inddnexia khd cd<br /> nang lupng cho ddt nudc Inddnexia. thi gia tang san lupng ddu cp. Cac nhd nghien<br /> Inddnexia dat muc tieu den nam 2010, eiiu Inddnexia tin rang trudc thuc te nay,<br /> nhien Ueu sinh hpc se ddp Qng 10% nhu cdu jatropha se sdm thay the cay cp, trd thanh<br /> nang lupng trong nganh dien va giao thdng van ngudn nang lupng thay the nhien Ueu hda<br /> tai. Hien nay phdn Idn xe buyt va xe tai d nudc thach va ddu cp, ddng thdi cd thi giiip ndng<br /> nay chay bang ddu diesel sinh hpc - hdn hpp ddn ngheo d cac tinh miln Ddng ddt dai quanh<br /> ddu cp (mdt loai nhien lieu sinh hpc) vdi nhien nam khd han lam giau.<br /> <br /> Nghien ciru Phit triin ben viing, so 3 (28) - Thing 9/2010 m<br />  NguySn Van Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc ...<br /> <br /> m . CHlfiN LUOC PHAT TRIEN NHIEN tdii vao nam 2010 va 51 tridu tin ddu quy ddi<br /> LifeU SINH HOC TAI VIET NAM vao nam 2020), thi viec nghien cQu san xudt<br /> nhien Ueu sinh hpc da dupc dl cap, triln khai.<br /> 1. Tinh hinh nghien curu, dau tu va<br /> Nghien ciiu vd san xud't nhien Ueu sach da<br /> nhurng chinh sach phat trien nhien lieu<br /> dupc PetroUmex, Petro Vietnam,... triln khai<br /> sinh hoc d Viet Nam<br /> va da cd nhung ket qua. Dai hpc Bdch Khoa<br /> De bao dam an runh nang lupng, bao ve mdi TP.Hd Chf Mmh da pha die, thQ nghiem de<br /> trudng va thuc ddy phat triln kinh td ndng thdn chQng minh ethanol cd the thay thi xang dung<br /> tai cac vung sdu, vung xa, ngay 20-11-2007, lam nhien lieu cho ddng co dot trong.<br /> Thii tudng Chfnh phu da phe duyet "Dl dn<br /> Vien Nghien cQu rupu bia NGK cung da<br /> phat trien nhien lieu sinh hpc din nam 2015, nghien cQu va dua ra cac ket qua vl sQ dung<br /> tdm nhin 2025". Dl dn bao gdm boat ddng cua ethanol lam nhien Ueu thay the' cho mdt sd loai<br /> cdc CO quan chfnh phu va doanh nghiep nhdm ddng CO. Cdng ty Phu gia ddu md APP da pha<br /> xdy dung Id trinh sQ dung nhien heu sinh hpc ehl, thu nghiem san xudt md bdi tron tQ md<br /> cua Viet Nam, khung phap ly,.cac chfnh sach thuc vdt hda hpc.<br /> khuyin khfch san xudt, xdy dung md hinh thQ<br /> nghiem san xudt va phdn phd'i nhien heu sinh Vien Cdng nghe thuc phdm da va dang<br /> hpc cung nhu cdc du dn ddu tu cua Chfnh phu nghien cQu san xudt ethanol tQ phe' thai ndng<br /> dl phdt trien nhien lieu sinh hoc den nam nghiep. Nhilu don vi, trong dd cd APP, Sai<br /> 2025. Gdn Petro, Cdng ty Mfa dudng Lam Son,... da<br /> len ke hoach pha che thQ nghiem va tien tdi<br /> Viet Nam se ddy manh phdt trien nhien Ueu san xudt 6 quy md phu hpp va dua vao sQ<br /> sinh hpc va muc tieu du kien den nam 2025 se dung.<br /> san xudt va dua vao sQ dung xang E5 (95%<br /> Cdng ty Cd phdn Cdn sinh hpc Viet Nam da<br /> xang khoang va 5% ethanol) va ddu B5 (95%<br /> ddu tu xdy dung nha may san xudt cdn cdng<br /> diesel khoang va 5% diessel sinh hoc) tren<br /> nghiep vdi cdng sudt 66.000 mVnam tai Dae<br /> pham vi ea nudc, ddp Qng du nhu cdu thi<br /> Ldc. Dl dam bao nguydn Ueu, cdng ty da len<br /> trudng.<br /> ke hoach trdng 4.000 ha cay tinh bdt Tiboca.<br /> Dd la muc tieu ciia dl an phat triln nhien Ben canh dd la cdc du dn hpp tdc ddu tu Uen<br /> heu sinh hpc den nam 2015 vd tdm nhin 2025 doanh Uen ket giua Cdng ty dudng Bien Hod<br /> du kiln se dupc trinh Chfnh phu vQa dupc Bd vdi Cdng ty cua Singapore ky kit hpp tac<br /> Cdng Thuong dua ra khi ban vl tilm nang, thang 8/2007 ddu tu nha may san xudt cdn sinh<br /> dilu kien phat triln nhien Ueu sinh hpc cho hpc cdng sudt 50.000 tan/nam; du an hpp tac<br /> van tai do Hdi ddng Chfnh sdch khoa hpc va giua Cdng ty Petrosetco Viet Nam va Itochu<br /> cdng nghe Qud'c gia td chQc. Nhdt Ban ddu tu khoang 100 hieu USD dl xdy<br /> Ddy manh phat triln nhidn Ueu smh hpc la nha mdy ethanol cdng suat 100 trieu Ift/nam tQ<br /> giai phap thay the mdt phdn nhien Ueu hda nguyen Ueu sdn Idt tai Khu cdng nghiep Phudc<br /> thach truyin thdng hien nay, gdp phdn dam Hiep-TP.HCM. Du kiln, khoang 99,8% san<br /> bao an ninh ndng lupng va bao ve mdi trudng. phdm ethanol se dupc cung Qng cho thi Uudng<br /> Theo Id trinh, Vu Nang lupng va Ddu khf phuc vu san xudt xdng sinh hpc.<br /> thudc Bd Cdng Thuong dua ra, den ndm 2015 Sau 2 ndm trien khai, de'n cud'i ndm 2009<br /> se sQ dung phd cap toan qud'c xdng E5 va ddu boat ddng nghien ciiu khoa hpc, phdt trien<br /> B5, cdc he thd'ng biogas, xudt khdu ElOO vd cdng nghe, trien khai san xudt thu san phdm,...<br /> BIOO. Den nam 2025, nhien Ueu sinh hpc se nhien lieu smh hpc cd du hanh lang phdp ly dl<br /> cung cdp 10% nhu cdu nhien lieu ldng, sQ cae td ciiQc, cd nhan thudc cac thdnh phdn kinh<br /> dung phd bien nhien Ueu ElO va BIO tren toan te tham gia. Nam 2009 cd 3 du an xay dung vd<br /> qud'c. san xuat thQ nghiem, xem xet 2 hd so du an<br /> Tai Viet Nam, trudc nhu cdu nang lupng phat Uien vung nguyen Ueu vd xdy dung nha<br /> ngay cang tang nhanh chdng (khoang 37 trieu may che bieh ddu diesel sinh hpc.<br /> <br /> Nghien ciru Phit then ben vung, so 3 (28) • Thing 9/2010<br />  NguySn Van Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc<br /> <br /> Nhu vay, song song vdi cdc du an nghien ddu tu san xudt nhien Ueu sinh hpc dupc miln<br /> cQu khoa hpc vl nhien Ueu sinh hpc, viec triln giam thue thu nhdp ddi vdi cac san pham nhien<br /> khai phdt triln, sQ dung nhien Ueu sinh hpc da lieu sinh hpc.<br /> dupc Viet Nam quan tam day manh va hudng Ngoai ra, cdc doanh nghiep san xudt nhien<br /> ddu tu san xudt d quy md cdng nghiep. Mac du lieu sinh hpc se dupc hudng cae uu dai tdi da<br /> chua thuc su phat trien rdm rd va nhien Ueu vl thue dd't trong thdi gian 20 nam. Cae<br /> sinh hpc chua dupc Qng dung rdng rai nhung nguyen lieu, linh kien, may mdc, thiet bi phuc<br /> viec ddu tu phat trien nhien Ueu sinh hpc d vu cho nghien cQu, phdt triln nhien Ueu sinh<br /> Viet Nam dupc coi la hudng di tdt ylu. hpc dupc miln thue nhdp khdu; neu phuc vu<br /> 2. Khuye'n khich, im dai doanh nghiep san xudt se dupe hudng thue d mQc thap nhdt.<br /> dau tu Cdc doanh nghiep dupc tu cdng bd tieu<br /> Viet Nam se phdt triln manh cdng nghiep chuan tren co sd vien ddn tieu chudn cua cae<br /> nhien Ueu sinh hpc. Dd la muc tieu chien lupc nudc G7 trong khi Viet Nam se phai xdy dung<br /> ma dl dn phdt triln nhien Ueu sinh hpc d Viet he thdng tieu chudn, quy chudn ky thudt nhien<br /> Nam din nam 2015 va tdm nhin den nam 2025 lieu sinh hpc d cap qud'c gia.<br /> du kiln dua ra. Dl thuc hien dilu nay, Viet 3. Nhurng han che<br /> Nam cdn cd Id trinh va giai phap cu the cho Ngudn nguyen lieu cdn ban che do phai<br /> tQng giai doan, nd luc trong nudc va tan dung ddnh ddt dai dl dam bao an ninh luong thue,<br /> tdi da su hpp tac hd trp cua cac td chQc va cac trdng riing phdng hd va nguyen heu eho cdng<br /> qud'c gia. nghiep; cdng nghe hien tai chua dam bao nang<br /> Du kie'n udc cdn khoang 284 ty ddng vdn sudt cay trdng cao. Neu phat triln d at, khdng<br /> ngan sdch Nha nude dl trien khai dilu nay. tfnh toan mdt each khoa hpc se anh hudng den<br /> Theo dd. Id trinh 2007-2010 ehu yeu xdy dung an ninh luong thuc va dien tfch rirng.<br /> hanh lang phap ly de khuyen khfch san xud't Cdng nghe san xudt nhien Ueu sinh hpc hien<br /> quy md cdng nghiep vd sQ dung nhien lieu tai (the' he thQ nhat) dung nguyen lieu la tinh<br /> sinh hpc la nhien lieu thay the trong giao thdng bdt ngu cdc, mdt ri dudng de san xudt ethanol<br /> vdn tai va cac nganh cdng nghiep, tiep can va dung ddu md ddng thue vdt dl san xudt<br /> cdng nghe nhien Ueu sinh hpc, xdy dung md diesel sinh hpc, so lupng cdn han che va cd gia<br /> hinh su dung thQ nghiem. thanh cao. Cdng nghe mdi (the he thQ hai) de<br /> Giai doan tiep theo 2011-2015, se lam chu san xudt ethanol, diesel sinh hpc tQ phe thai<br /> va san xudt dupc cdc vat lieu, phu gia san xudt cdng - ndng - ldm nghiep (ligno-cellulosie bio<br /> nhien heu sinh hpc; tQ dd phat triln manh me mass) mdi thanh cdng d md hinh trinh diln,<br /> san xudt va sQ dung thay thi mdt phdn nhien quy md nhd, cdn 5-7 nam nQa mdi cd thi dp<br /> heu truyin thd'ng; san xudt dai tra cac gid'ng dung d quy md cdng nghiep vdi gia thanh ha,<br /> cdy nguyen Ueu nang sudt cao; xdy dung va san lupng Idn.<br /> phdt triln cae co sd san xuat, sQ dung nhien Chua cd CO che, chfnh sach uu dai cho cac<br /> Ueu sinh hpc tren pham vi ea nudc, dam bao nha ddu tu phdt triln vung nguyen lieu, san<br /> dap ling 20% nhu cdu xang ddu ca nude bdng xudt vd phdn phdi nhien Ueu sinh hpc.<br /> xang E5 va ddu B5.<br /> Tren CO sd dd, din tdm nhin nam 2025, IV. KET LUAN VA MOT SO KIEU NGHI<br /> cdng nghe san xudt nhien Ueu sinh hpc Viet 1. Ke't luan<br /> Nam dat trinh dp tien tien tren the gidi. San SQ dung nhien Ueu sinh hpc ed thi giam<br /> lupng ethanol va ddu thuc vdt dap Qng du thieu phat thai khf nha kfnh, dam bao hieu sudt<br /> 100% nhu cdu xang ddu cua ca nudc bdng va an ninh nang lupng, gdp phdn phdt triln<br /> xang E5 va ddu B5. kinh te va xda ddi ngheo. The gidi da nhdn ra<br /> Giai doan 2007-2015, viec san xuat nhien lpi ich cua ngudn nhien Ueu nay va trong<br /> heu sinh hpc se cdn phai dupc xep vao danh nhiing nam gdn day, nhilu nude, nganh cdng<br /> mue dae biet uu dai ddu tu. Cdc doanh nghiep nghiep va ca nhan da bdt ddu khai thac lpi feh<br /> <br /> Nghien ciru Phit then ben vitng, so 3 (28) - Thing 9/2010<br />  NguySn Van Minh - Nhien lieu sinh hoc ...<br /> cua nd, nhung dd'i vdi Viet Nam mdi chi la trdng phi luong thuc va dl cdc nguyen Ueu ddu<br /> budc khdi ddu. vao khdng xam Idn ddt ndng nghiep.<br /> Kinh nghiem cua cae nudc, khai thac ngudn Day la mdt nIn san xudt cdng nghiep cdn<br /> nhien Ueu sinh hpc da nay sinh tranh cai va tuong dd'i non tre tai Viet Nam va la hudng di<br /> quy cho nhiing tdc ddng cua nd da lam cho gid mdi vl phdt triln nang lupng bin vung ndn<br /> luong thuc gia tang, tang pha rung, anh hudng cang cdn hon nhung chfnh sach md cua nha<br /> tdi da dang sinh hpc, ddt trdng va ngudn nudc nudc, cdn tao dilu kidn hon nQa vl khoa hpc<br /> vi vdy khi ap diing vao nudc ta cdn phai hit sQc ky thuat cung vdi nhung chfnh sach trp gia,<br /> limy. bao tieu san phdm de ngay cang nhdn rdng hon<br /> Nhu cdu vl nhien Ueu sinh hpc tren thi gidi cdng nghe san xudt nhien heu sinh hpc trong<br /> dang gia tang va se tiep tuc tang trong thdp ky khudn khd cho phep.<br /> tdi. Tieu thu se la vdn de chfnh cua My va cdc Dam bao thdng tin va nhdn thQe dung ddn<br /> nude khdc d chdu A. Cac danh gia cho thd'y . vl cdc loai xe cd cd thi sQ dung nhien Ueu sinh<br /> vao nam 2030, tieu thu chi rieng ethanol cung hpc, de cd the tao ra cac phuong tien giao<br /> da dat d mQc cao 500.10' Ut/ nam, vdi 20% thdng phu hop cho sQ dung nhien heu sinh<br /> ethanol thay thi xang. Vi vay, dd'i vdi Viet hpc. Cdn hudng ngudi ddn, dae biet la ngudi sit<br /> Nam cdn cd bien phap kfeh cdu hieu qua dd'i dung phuong tien giao thdng nen chuyen ddn<br /> vdi nhien Ueu sinh hpc. sang sQ dung nhien lieu sinh hpc, gdp phdn<br /> Cdc chfnh sach vl san xudt vd tieu thu nhien bao ve mdi trudng va dd la ngudn tieu thu san<br /> ueu sinh hpc bao gdm: muc tieu san xudt vl so phdm nhien Ueu sinh hoc Idn nhdt./.<br /> lupng; phuong phdp thay the, cac chdt thay the<br /> va khuye'n khfch vl thul phai dupc triln khai<br /> dp dung hieu qua. Cdc yeu td khdc nhau gdm:<br /> gia nhien Ueu bidn ddng; thieu ke hoach cu Tai lieu tham khao<br /> the; kd hoach vl gid khdng bdp ddn va chua 1. Biofuel and Substainable Development An<br /> Excutive Section on Grand challenges on SubstainabUity<br /> dam chdc vl kha nang tuong thfch vdi cdc loai Transition. San Servplo Island. Venice- May 19-20-2008.<br /> xe cd cd thi ddn tdi tidu thu nhien lieu sinh Summary Report by Hery Lee C. Qarlc and Charan<br /> hpc giam vi vdy cdn phai cd cac k l hoach cu Deveraux.<br /> thi, ddng bd dl khdc phuc tinh trang nay. 2. Biomass for energy, environment, agriculture and<br /> industry: Proceedings of the 8th European biomass<br /> 2. Mot so' kie'n nghi conference. Vierma (Austria), 1994. Vol. 2/ H.d Ph.<br /> Chartier. Pergamon, 1995.<br /> Nhien lieu sinh hpc cdn phai chuyin sang<br /> 3. Gonzales, A. D., "Situation Analysis On Biomass<br /> hudng sQ dung sinh khdi (la cdy, rom ra, chdt Utilisation and Trade In South-East Asia With Particular<br /> thai ddng vat,...) hoac nen sQ dting ngudn Focus On Inddnexia and Thailand", UNESCAP, 2007.<br /> nhien heu ddu vao cho san xudt nhien lieu sinh 4. Quyet dinh s6': 177/2007/QD-TTg, ngay<br /> hpc cd ngudn gdc la cdy phi luong thue dl 20/11/2007 ciia TTiu tudng Chinh phii \6 viec phe duyet<br /> dam bao an ninh luong thuc. "Di an phat triln Nhien lieu sinh hgc d€n nam 2015, tSm<br /> nhin den nam 2025".<br /> Nganh cdng nghiep nen triln khai, thuc day 5. Dang Tung: M6t s6 dinh hudng chinh .sdch din tu<br /> va phd bie'n nhien Ueu sinh hpc the' he 2. phat tridn va sit dung Nhien lieu sinh hoc 6 Viet Nam-<br /> NhQng khuyen khfch va tra giup hieu luc dl Bao cao phan tich kinh t^; Ha N6i 2007.<br /> rut ngdn dupc giai doan khdi ddu trudc khi dua 6. Nghien ciiu c6ng nghe san xuSt nhien lieu sinh hpc<br /> CO pha ethanol va m6t s6 hop ch^t co ngudn gdc tii din<br /> vao thuong mai hda. Cdc chfnh sach phai thich thuc vat; Bao cao De tai c^p Nha nudc ma sd: DTOL-<br /> hpp de khuye'n khfch chuyen ddi cdc cdng 2004/01.<br /> nghe san xudt nhien Ueu sinh hpc thi he 2 va 7. Tap chf Cdng nghiep hda ch& sd 5, nam 2005.<br /> phai dupc dam bao bdng cdc khuyen khich va 8. http://biocarb'urant.com<br /> CO che dl gdp phdn giam gia thanh, tdng hieu 9. http://vietnamnet.vn/<br /> sudt va sQ dung cac nguyen Ueu ddu vao la cdy 10. http://vi.wikipedia.org<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Nghien ciru Phit trien ben vung, so 3 (28) • Th^g 9/2010<br />