Phân tích chất lượng phân mùn hữu cơ Compost và kiến nghị về tiêu chuẩn kỹ thuật

PHAN TICH CHAT LUfOfNG P H A N M U N HJJfU COf COMPOST<br /> •<br /> <br /> VA KIEN NGHI VE TIEU CHUAN KY T H U A T<br /> NGO KIM CHI, NGUYEN TH| MINH TAM,<br /> DANG NGQC PHUONG, PHAM NHQC KHANH<br /> Vipn Hda hpc Cic hpp chit thien nhien -<br /> Vipn Khoa hpc vi Cdng nghd Vipt Nam<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> SUMMARY<br /> The survey on Hanoi waste sepation at source compost quality after fermentation by turn up method<br /> within 5 weeks. Heavy metal of Hanoi compost was in allowed acceptable limits except concentration<br /> of Asenic, the total nitrogen reached 1,2%, P2O5 reached 0,94%, K2O got 0,97%. The proposals on<br /> technological adjustments on humidity of waste pile, pile temperature, air supplying and carbon and<br /> mixed source will affect the compost quality. Comparision of heavy metal standards in EU and USA as<br /> well as Vietnam for highest toxic metal Cd, Hg, Pb, As has been discussed. Building up compost quality<br /> guideline and standards focusing on the loading of heavy metal cumullation in solid, environmental<br /> and public health risfc assessment should be concerned to make the detail additional technical compost<br /> quality standards.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I. L 6 I NOI DAU<br /> <br /> Chien iQpe qude gia vd Giam thidu - Tai chd - Tai sQ Hd Chf Minh, Ba Rja - Vung Tau, Ddng Nal) nguygn li^u<br /> dpng rac thai dQpe Vigt Nam soan thio trgn cd sd la rac chua phan loai. Nguygn ligu rac hQu cd phan lo?i<br /> khuyen khich^tai chd ngudn hQu ed cho u phan com- tai ngudn (PLTN) mdi chl dQpc gidi thigu t?ii mflt sd<br /> post. Quan diem nay cung dQpe the hign tai Quy hoaeh mfl hinh (Cflng dong chau Au, Dp an JICA 3R-HN). Bai<br /> vung xQ ly chat thai sinh hoat dfl thj va cflng nghigp bao nay dQa ra vigc nghign cQu danh gia ehlt IQpng<br /> [2]. Vigt Nam cfl hdn 10 nha may sin xult phan com- phan compost do nha may phan bdn Clu Dign - Ha Nfli<br /> post vfli 150.000 tin/nam (tai Ha Nfli, Vigt Tri, Nam sin xult tQ nguygn ligu la rae phan lo?i tai ngudn va<br /> Djnh, Ha Nam, Vinh, Hii Phong, Quing Ngai, Hud, TP cae kig'n nghj can thidt.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> II. M y C TIEU, PHl/ONG PHAP VA KET QUA PHAN TICH<br /> <br /> 1. Muc tieu nghign cvtu rung 4mm va; Ba (03) m l u san phlm t?ii vf trf dQdi<br /> Phan tfch danh gia ehlt IQpng compost (5 tuIn u sang rung.<br /> hieu khf cfl dio trfln: 2 tuIn Ign men va 3 tuan u tinh) - Chl tigu chuln dQpc sQ dpng: PhQdng phap lly mlu<br /> de: 1) Oanh gia ehlt IQpng compost va de xult eai tig'n va phan tfch theo TCVN 5815 -2001, 6496-1999. Ket<br /> ky thuat 2) So sanh tieu chuln Vigt Nam TCVN vdi tigu qui dQa ra d bing 1.<br /> chuan nude ngoaj dfl'i vdi mflt sd kim loai nang va ban<br /> ve vigc phat then cae quy dinh, tigu chuan vd phan - Tigu chuln ky thu|t TCVN 7185:2002 cho phan<br /> compost. bdn vi sinh, 10TC526 - 2002 tigu chuan nganh eua Bfl<br /> NN & PTNT cho phan bdn hQu cd sin xult tQ rac sinh<br /> 2. Phrfofng phap nghien ciiu ho?t. Quygt djnh sd 100/2008 ngay 15/10/2008 cua Bfl<br /> NN va PTNT vd quy dinh sin xuat, luu thflng phan bdn<br /> - Sd lupng mlu: 6 mlu x 2 dpt (dpt 1: 29/8/2008 Quy djnh kim loai njng trong compost eua cac nQdc<br /> va dpt 2: 4/10/2008): Ba (03) mlu san phlm sau u thanh vign Cflng ddng kinh tg Chau Au, cua Mv {bina<br /> tinh da io^ii cac vat ligu thfl nhQ cat, sdi trgn sang 4, 5) dQpe trich din tham khIo [3 7 8]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> O)) Hoa h p c & tfngdiiTiff<br />  Bing 1: Kg't quS phSn tfch cha't luging phSn compost t^i Ha NO1 th^ng 9 va 10/2008<br /> Mlu Utn sang Miu iildi sang Trung binh chung Tieu chuln Phuong phap<br /> n ThOng slT (n = 6) (n = 6) (n = 12) do<br /> TB Min Max TB Min Max TBtbO Min Max<br /> 1 pHjKO) 7,30 7,28 7,32 7,30 7,27 7,33 7,30 7,27 7,33 6-8(TCN526) TeVN5979-1995<br /> 2 % oo im 23.01 22,28 23,53 22.27 21.28 22,99 22,64 21,28 23,53 13%(TCN526) 10TeN365-1999<br /> 4 %IN 1,09 0,93 1.27 1,30 1,29 1,32 1,20 0,93 1.32 2,5%{TCN526) TCVN5815-2001<br /> 5 %IP205 0,92 0.9 0,94 0,91 0,89 0,94 0,92 0,89 0.94 TCVN5815-2001<br /> 6 %Z:K20 0,99 0,93 1,04 0,95 0.93 0,96 0,97 0,93 1,04 TCVN5815-2001<br /> %ChSt<br /> 24.06 22,59 24,88 23,65 22,2 25,83 23,86 22,20 25.83<br /> 7 hco >22 %<br /> 8 Cd (ppm) 1,06 1,02 1.11 1,05 0,95 1,14 1,00 0,95 1.14 2,5 TCVN6496-1999<br /> 9 Ni (ppm) 35,08 32,91 38,63 32,45 31,81 33,34 33,77 31,81 38,63 100 TCVN6496-1999<br /> Hg<br /> 0,75 0,73 0,80 0,68 0,61 0,75 0,72 0,61 0,80<br /> 10 (ppm) 2 TCVN6496-1999<br /> 11 Cu (ppm) 78,68 74,84 81,51 74,87 73,12 76,04 76,77 73,12 81,51