PHOTOSHOP CS4 QuickSteps- P9

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PHOTOSHOP CS4 QuickSteps- P9: QuickSteps books are recipe books for computer users. They answer the question “How do I...?” by providing quick sets of steps to accomplish the most common tasks in a particular program. The sets of steps are the central focus of the book. QuickSteps sidebars show you how to quickly do many small functions or tasks that support the primary functions. Notes, Tips, and Cautions augment the steps, yet they are presented in such a manner as to not interrupt the fl ow of the steps....

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1 NOTE Here’s a nice close-up photograph of some nachos , but the lighting is a little cold. Overlay mode screens (bleaches; see “Know When to 2 Use Screen and Multiply Modes) colors below the layer whose colors are brighter than 128 on the scale of 0–255 possible brightness values. At the same time, Overlay multiplies (deepens) underlying pixels whose brightness value is less than 128. It’s an interesting effect all by 3 itself: Screen, Multiply, and Overlay modes are covered in “Know When to Use Overlay and Light Blend Modes” later in this chapter. 4 UICKSTEPS Work with Lighten and Darken Modes ADDING GRIT AND WARMTH Lighten and Darken modes are the flip sides of the same coin: in Lighten mode, 5 TO A PHOTOGRAPH the blend layer lightens only areas on the base (the bottom) layer—or multiple Let’s make the nachos image—or just about any food layers—that are darker, and in Darken mode, blend layer areas only darken photography image—more appealing for print and underlying areas that are lighter than the corresponding area. Lighten painting Web display. Follow these steps to add some stylizing, warmth, and a little Dissolve mode toning to an image: mode is useful for brightening image areas without totally ruining image detail: 6 1. With your image in Photoshop, click Create 1. Pick a neutral, medium tone image color using the Eyedropper tool to sample. A New Layer on the Layers panel to 2. Create a new layer above the base layer, and choose Lighten mode for the layer on the create a new blank layer on top of the image. Layers panel. By default this is the current editing layer. 7 Areas darker than your brush color are lightened to the color of your 7 2. Press D (default colors) so your foreground color foreground color, but areas lighter than this color are unaffected. swatch on the Tools panel is black. 3. Choose the Gradient tool. It’s a painting tool, and USE LIGHTEN MODE it works in Dissolve mode. Suppose you took a photo of a striking sky, but your framing was a little off and 8 4. On the Options bar, click the Radial Gradient a water tower or trees invade the bottom of the photo. There is no need to crop button . Then click the Gradient Picker to cope in this situation. You use Lighten mode in combination with the Clone down arrow to the right of the gradient preset Stamp tool—this is yet another painting tool—to clone away the offending thumbnail and choose the second one, foreground items. You don’t even have to mask the image. to transparent. Then choose Dissolve mode from 9 the Mode drop-down list on the Options bar. 1. On the Layers panel, click Create A New Layer to create a new layer above your photo. Continued . . . 2. Choose Lighten mode from the Layers panel’s drop-down list. 10 152 152 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 UICKSTEPS 2 ADDING GRIT AND WARMTH TO A PHOTOGRAPH (Continued) 3 5. Click the Reverse, Dither, and Transparency 4 check boxes on the Options bar so that the Gradient tool travels from transparent to black. 6. To display the gradient effect, drag from the center of the image to the edge, and you’ll get a somewhat unpleasant result, but this is 5 okay—you’re not done yet. Figure 7-1 shows the two layers composited, and a close-up of what Dissolve mode looks like when you paint. Figure 7-1: Dissolve blend mode spreads foreground color pixels in a random arrangement. 7. Soften the pixels on Layer 1: click Filter | Blur | 6 Gaussian Blur, set the Radius to 1 pixel, and then click OK. 8. On the Layers panel, click the Modes down arrow and then choose Overlay. As you can see 7 in Figure 7-2, the nachos image has a pleasing 7 vignette effect; the overall image looks warmer and a little stylized, and is perfect for a poster at a fast-food restaurant. Dissolve mode produces different results depending on 8 the Opacity setting you choose. Because a gradient can travel from opaque to transparent, using Dissolve mode creates an arrangement of single pixels that vary as the opacity of the gradient decreases. 9 Figure 7-2: Use Dissolve mode in combination with Overlay mode to stylize images. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 153 153
1 QUICKFACTS 3. Choose the Clone Stamp tool from the Tools panel. Set the size on the Options bar to MERGING YOUR BLEND 2 scale in relation to the area(s) you want to retouch. Uncheck the Aligned check box LAYERS TOGETHER and then choose All Layers from the Sample drop-down list. When you decide to merge a layer down, any layer 4. To prevent stroking unwanted areas into your retouching areas, ALT/OPT+click a sample takes on the blend mode of the layer to which you merge area that is nowhere near the area you plan to stroke into. beneath it. Therefore, if you merge a layer in Normal 5. When your sampling area runs out of room, release the mouse button and then 3 mode to a layer that’s in Multiply mode, the combination resume stroking—the Clone Stamp resumes cloning from your original point, becomes a single Multiply mode layer, and that might because it’s not aligned (bound to) the sample area. As you can see in Figure 7-3, not be visually what you want. Therefore, don’t merge the retouching work is seamless because the Clone Stamp tool is not lightening layers until you’re satisfied with your composition, and it’s areas of clouds lighter than the sample area. The original cloud areas are more or a good idea—to retain all layer blend properties—to use 4 less retained. either Flatten Image or Merge Visible; both commands are available when you right-click over a layer’s title on the Layers panel. If you don’t want a layer to be affected, you need to hide 5 it by clicking its associated eye icon on the Layers panel. Once a layer is hidden, you can choose Merge Visible from the context menu that appears when you right-click over a layer title on the Layers panel. If you’re unhappy with the result, press CTRL/CMD+D to undo the merge 6 operation. Then you can restore the hidden layer to visibility and continue working on your image. 7 7 8 TIP Figure 7-3: Lighten blend mode only looks at the layer data, and not Lighten mode when used with the Clone Stamp tool also which painting tool you use. comes in very handy for removing telephone wires and other obstructions from backgrounds. 9 USE DARKEN MODE Darken mode is terrific for toning down background areas while still keeping some detail, so the background doesn’t look like a solid color. Use this mode to get rid 10 154 154 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 of annoying reflections when you need to photograph 2 objects in front of store windows. For example, notice that the image alongside has strong color and geometric composition, but the window of the store shows off a motley assortment of antiques that only distract from the foreground. The solution is to tone down the 3 window’s contents using Darken mode. Here is how you use Darken mode to handle reflections: 1. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel. 4 2. Choose Darken blend mode from the Layers panel drop-down list. 3. Click the Eyedropper tool on the Tools panel, and then on the Options bar, choose 3 by 3 Average from the Sampling Size drop-down list. If you’re working on a very large image, use a larger sampling size. 5 4. Click over a medium tone area within the larger area you want to tone down. Remember: only image colors lighter than the color sample you created will be toned down to this color. (In the case of Figure 7-4, the darker background in the window was selected as the sample since the lighter reflection needed to be toned down to match the sampled background.) 6 Sampled area 7 7 8 9 Figure 7-4: Areas that are too light in images can benefit from Darken layer blend mode. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 155 155
1 5. Click the Brush tool, and then on the Options bar, set the Brush Size appropriately to 2 your overall image and choose a soft brush. Digital photos, full frame, generally call for a Brush tip of anywhere from 65 to 200 pixels in diameter. 6. Stroke over the bright areas in the photo you want to tone down. As you can see in Figure 7-4, the photo still features what is clearly a glass window, but the visual content is toned down so the audience can focus on the chairs in the foreground. 3 Know When to Use Screen and Multiply Modes Screen and Multiply modes can be thought of as similar to Lighten and Darken modes, with an important distinction: 4 • When painting or using a layer in Screen blend mode, image areas always result in a lighter color as a combination of the blend and the base layer colors. A black layer in Screen mode results in no image change. Applying white to a layer in Screen mode— or painting on a normal layer with a brush in Screen painting mode, depending on the 5 Opacity you choose—results in a bright or even white result image area. • When using Multiply blend mode, the result image area color is always darker than the original. Multiply can be thought of as a “stain,” while its opposite, Screen, is a sort of “bleach.” Using white in Multiply mode results in no change. 6 Screen is great for creating glows and Multiply is the choice for creating shadows in an image. LEARN A PRACTICAL APPLICATION FOR SCREEN Although you can create a halo effect above a person using Photoshop’s Styles 7 7 panel (see Chapter 11), a manual approach using a layer in Screen mode can produce the same, if not better, effect. Here’s how to use Screen mode in combination with other simple Photoshop features to create a T-shirt transfer for a proud father, of his son: 8 1. Open the image to which you want to add a halo. 2. Click Create A New layer on the Layers panel, the dog-eared page icon. 3. Click Screen from the blend modes drop-down list on the Layers panel. The current 9 layer is now in Screen blend mode. 4. Click+hold the Marquee Tools group icon on the Tools panel to reveal the entire group and then click the Elliptical Marquee tool. 10 156 156 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 5. Click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Tools panel and then choose a bright 2 yellow from the Color Picker. Click OK to return to the document. 6. Drag an ellipse above the head of the person to whom you’ll confer sainthood. 7. Click Edit | Stroke. In the Stroke dialog box, set the Width to a scale proportional to your overall image. A width of 8 pixels will probably serve you well for a portrait photo from a 9 megapixel digital camera. You’ve already defined the color, but if you want 3 something other than the current foreground swatch on the Tools panel, click the color swatch here to redefine the stroke color. Choose Location: Center, and leave the blend mode at Normal, Opacity 100%. Click OK to apply the stroke. This is not the finished effect; don’t worry that this stroke width is on the narrow side. Use Figure 7-5 4 as a visual reference. 5 6 TIP When stroking a selection, you’ll get a more pronounced 7 7 effect using the Blend mode setting if you’re stroking a normal, single-layer photo. It’s hard to predict the results, for example, of stroking in Dissolve mode to a layer that’s in Screen mode. 8 Figure 7-5: Use the Stroke command to draw an outline around an active selection. 8. Click the background layer title on the Layers panel and then click the Create A New 9 Layer icon. By default, new layers appear just above the current editing layer, so you now have a blank layer sandwiched between the stroked layer and the background image. Put this layer into Screen mode, and do not deselect the ellipse selection yet. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 157 157
1 9. Click Edit | Stroke; the dialog box has remembered your last-used settings, so the 2 only thing to change here is the Width: set it to about 50 pixels and then click OK. Click anywhere outside the selection with the Elliptical Marquee tool to deselect the selection. Alternatively, Deselect’s shortcut is CTRL/CMD+D. 10. Click Filter | Blur | Gaussian Blur, an intense blurring effect that Photoshop uses in the Styles panel presets quite frequently. Set the Radius to about 17 pixels or 3 whatever looks good in the document window, which by default previews an effect in real time. Click OK, and as you can see in Figure 7-6, the image is perfect for a T-shirt transfer or other printing need for your client. You can try reducing the opacity for the blurred layer to further emphasize the crisp halo on the top layer. 4 Use Multiply Mode for Shadows Multiply blend mode, used with either painting or assigned to an entire layer, always creates a resulting color that’s darker than the lightest area on either 5 the base or the blend layer. Part of the beauty of Multiply mode is in its use at partial opacity. If you can paint the general shape of an object’s shadow, Figure 7-6: Use multiple layers with different image you can create a composition where the background layer’s visual content is content to create complex and intriguing compositions. anything you like: a park, a wall, anything your creativity suggests. Follow 6 these steps after reading Chapter 5 on creating selections, and Chapter 6 on working with layers: 1. Create a selection around an image object you want to put in front of a background image. 2. With your cursor inside the selection marquee, right-click and then click Layer Via 7 7 Copy. You’ll see a new layer containing your selection appear in the Layers panel. 3. Open your background document. Detach it from the grouped windows by dragging its title bar outside of the current document window. 4. In the Layers panel of the foreground object image, click the title of the layer containing 8 the selected object, and drag it onto the background document window. The selected object will be duplicated onto the background image. 5. Click the original background layer title on the Layers panel, then click the Create A New Layer icon to produce Layer 2, the current editing layer. 9 6. Click the blend mode down arrow and click Multiply. 10 158 158 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 7. Click the Brush tool; on the Options bar, choose a 2 size for the brush that will scale well to paint a shadow. Depending on your composition, use a hard brush for crisp shadow edges (outdoor photography usually displays sharp shadow edges) or use a soft tip brush for more diffuse lighting. 3 8. Hold ALT/OPT to toggle to the Eyedropper tool, and then sample a darkish tone from the composition. This is going to be your shadow color. 9. Paint the shadow, as shown in Figure 7-7. 4 10. If the shadow looks too dense, drag the Opacity slider on the Layers panel to the left. Work with Lighter 5 and Darker Colors Not only are the Lighter and Darker Color blend modes less intense than their next-of-kin—Screen Sample background color and Multiply—but they can also have entirely 6 Figure 7-7: Use Multiply layer blend mode to simulate different purposes: a cast or drop shadow. • A layer in Lighter Color mode will only be visible in areas that have corresponding darker colors on the layer(s) beneath. • A layer’s visual contents in Darker Color mode are only visible when they are on top 7 7 of lighter colors on the layer(s) beneath. These two opposite blend modes have little regard for hue or saturation, but instead are most effective when, for example, your photo has high brightness difference between the foreground and background subjects. You can actually 8 recolor image areas without creating a mask, as shown in the following steps, where you’ll learn how to create a solarized effect only in the shadow regions of a photo: 9 1. Choose an image that has very high contrast; the shadows might be too harsh, and this is a perfect sort of image to soften by colorizing the shadows, thus creating a special effect. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 159 159
1 2. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel, and then choose Lighter 2 Color from the blend modes drop-down list. 3. Choose the Brush tool, hold ALT/OPT to toggle to the Eyedropper tool, and then click in the image to sample a dark, but not quite black area. This color, now the foreground color on the Tools panel, will replace (on the new layer) any color in the bottom layer that is darker than this color. Release the ALT/OPT key. 3 4. Click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Tools panel to display the Color Picker. 5. In the Color Picker, you’re free to drag left or right in the color field, but don’t drag the target circle up or down; that would change the brightness. Also, change the hue by dragging the Hue slider up or down. In Figure 7-8 you can see that a deep brown is chosen to fill in a lot 4 of the shadow areas in the photograph. Click OK to return to the workspace. 5 6 Sample here 7 7 8 Figure 7-8: Change the hue and saturation, but not the brightness, of the color you sampled. 9 Change saturation, but not brightness 10 160 160 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 6. Choose a brush size and type that scales well to the areas you want to replace; right- 2 click over the document and then choose from the brushes presets—click outside the document window to dismiss the pop-up preset box. 7. Stroke over the areas you want to replace. You’ll see that light image areas don’t change, but only the colors darker than your chosen color are replaced with…the lighter color! 3 UICKSTEPS REPLACING LIGHTER COLORS WITH DARKER ONES Suppose you have a photo or a scanned image whose 4 background is almost white, making a somewhat bland composition. You can add colors to the background without altering the foreground element when you use Darker Color mode on a layer. Here’s how: 5 1. Choose a photo whose foreground subject is overall medium to dark in brightness, while the background is fairly light. 2. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers 6 panel, and then choose Darker Color from the blend modes drop-down list. 3. Click the Brush tool, and then right-click anywhere in the document window to choose an interesting brush from the pop-up panel. The maple leaf is 7 Use Color Burn and Linear Burn Modes 7 used in this example because the color jitters and the stroke scatters when you use it. See The Burn tool on the Tools panel (see Chapter 8) is the basis for Color Burn and Chapter 11 for the low-down on the Brushes panel. Linear Burn blend and painting modes—you get a similar effect as using the 4. Hold ALT/OPT to toggle to the Eyedropper tool. Burn tool but you have the advantage of using a foreground color to refine the 8 5. Click over the lightest area of the foreground subject operation. Using Burn painting or layer blend mode: in the photo. By doing this, you assure yourself that when you paint on the Darker Color mode layer, • Color Burn decreases brightness and, depending on the color you use, increases contrast between the blend and the base colors. Using white as the blend color only areas darker than the lightest foreground color produces no change. If Overlay mode doesn’t produce an increase in contrast and 9 will be colored over. This is an awesome technique saturation, Color Burn is usually a satisfactory alternative. for editing without using a selection! Continued . . . • Linear Burn decreases brightness like Color Burn, but instead of increasing contrast, it further decreases brightness, producing an effect closer to Multiply mode. Using white in a Linear Burn blend produces no visible change. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 161 161
1 UICKSTEPS 2 REPLACING LIGHTER COLORS WITH DARKER ONES (Continued) 6. Click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Sample here Tools panel. In the Color Picker, feel free to adjust the hue and saturation, but don’t drag 3 up or down in the color field, as this changes brightness. Just drag the target circle directly left or right, and change the Hue slider’s indicator. Click OK when you’re finished, and check out Figure 7-9 as a reference. 4 7. Stroke over the layer; you do not have to stroke very accurately to replace the lighter areas with the darker color, while preserving details in the darker foreground; in Figure 7-9: a scan of an 5 autumn leaf. Figure 7-9: Keep your special effects work fresh and unique by choosing a novelty brush and interesting colors. 6 Color Burn is quite useful in image retouching to put a tattoo on a model’s forearm (or other anatomical area), to put makeup on a subject, and to put a logo on a textured product—all letting some of the base tonal values show through. In effect, you can paint into a photo instead of painting on to it. Figure 7-10 shows clown 7 7 makeup applied to a clown’s base white face color, using Color Burn and then Linear Burn. Notice the subtle yet distinct difference using the same layer colors: Color Burn retains more of the hue on a blend layer than Linear Burn. Where the clown makeup is decreased in saturation on the right of the layer, Linear Burn 8 darkens more than it tints the clown’s face. And yet the clown still looks happy. Consider Color Dodge and Linear Dodge Think of the opposite effect as Color Burn to better understand the Color Dodge 9 blend modes. Dodging lightens areas and usually adds saturation; color dodging mixes a color into the overall recipe. Linear Dodge (Add) is useful for tinting the base layer while adding a little Screen function—lighter base layer areas become 10 162 162 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 QUICKFACTS Color Burn Linear Burn USING HARD LIGHT TO RETAIN 2 BLEND COLORS Hard Light mode is one of many variations on the result of putting a colored gel in front of a spotlight. Hard Light primarily uses the brightness of colors used on a blend 3 layer or brush in this blend mode; if your blend color is brighter than 128 on the 0–255 scale Photoshop uses, Hard Light bleaches and tints the underlying layer(s)— when you use a color darker than 128, you’ll get a Multiply, staining sort of effect. 4 Keep in mind that painting with pure black and white in Hard Light mode results in pure black or white. Here’s a good example of the difference between applying Screen mode and Hard Light in a composition: 5 the sun illustration in Figure 7-11 is on top of a light cloud background, and like the kid’s halo effect discussed Figure 7-10: Use Linear Burn for duller tinting jobs, and Color Burn for a more pronounced coloring effect. earlier, yellow was Gaussian blurred to create some illumination behind the sun layer. In Screen mode, you can hardly see the yellow in the sunburst. However, in 6 Hard Light mode, the sunburst layer is easy to read for color, and produces a much better effect. 7 7 8 TIP 9 If you want an effect close to but not exactly the same as Hard Light, use light colors and use Color Burn instead. The effect of these two blend modes is related. Figure 7-11: Use Hard Light to emphasize and tint a color you need to add to your composition. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 163 163
1 washed out. Use the Dodge blend modes with deep saturated colors (such as 2 R:15, G:0, B:126, an ultramarine color, good for sky areas) when you want to tint the base layer but don’t want to decrease the brightness of any underlying layer area. Know When to Use Overlay 3 and Light Blend Modes On the blend mode menu, the group of modes beginning with Overlay and ending with Hard Mix all produce different blend effects but are based on a similar idea—the Overlay and Light modes affect the base layer as though 4 you’re looking through colored gels or lenses. Let’s say you have an assignment where you’re asked to bring out a little color, add a little contrast, and warm parts of the image slightly: this is not impossible, and it’s not even difficult if you paint on a layer that’s in Overlay blend mode: 5 1. Click Create A New Layer from the Layers panel to add a new layer to the document, and then choose Overlay from the modes drop-down list on the Layers panel. 2. Depending on the original brightness of the photo, use the Eyedropper tool and click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Tools panel, and then pick a medium bright, slightly 6 warm color in the Color Picker. In Figure 7-12, Red: 95, Green: 92, Blue: 71 is chosen to add a little less blue to the paint color, to better warm up the underlying image. 3. Click the Brush tool and stroke over only the areas that need contrast and a little warmer, more intense colors. To back off the effect, drag the Opacity slider or scrubby TIP 7 7 slider (drag over the label “Opacity”) to the left. Remember, Overlay mode screens underlying areas The other Light blend modes are of limited use in day-to-day assignments; whose pixel brightness is higher than 128 on the they’re of more use in creating special effects than in practical blend operations: 0–255 scale, and multiplies pixel colors darker than 128. • 8 If you’re not getting the effect you seek, try one of the Soft Light Creates the effect of a soft spotlight, but the effect is faint even if you other Light blend modes; or use a different brightness paint with pure white. If you want to direct the viewer to a specific image area, paint in blend color. Overlay mode instead. • Vivid Light Decreases contrast if the blend color you use is greater than 128 (out of 255), and increases contrast if the blend color is darker than 128. Hue and saturation 9 are not used in determining the result colors, so feel free to experiment with these two properties when you use the Color Picker. You might find that Vivid Light is of limited use in photo retouching. 10 164 164 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 Original Overlay area R:95, G:92, B:71 • Linear Light Similar to Vivid Light: using light blend colors increases the 2 resulting brightness, while using dark blend colors decreases brightness. Linear Light is useful for simulating Day for Night photography—put medium blue on a Linear Light layer with a daytime photo beneath, and you’ll get a very credible version of the same scene taken at midnight! • Pin Light A combination of Lighter Color and Darker Color blend modes. 3 If the blend color is lighter than 128 on the 0–255 scale of brightness, underlying pixels darker than the blend color are replaced, while lighter pixels remain unchanged. But if you use a dark blend color, pixels on underlying layers that are lighter than the blend color are replaced, while 4 the darker pixels do not change. It can be considered a “special effects” mode that you won’t use often in day-to-day retouching. • Hard Mix Changes all underlying colors to primary and secondary colors, and includes pure black and white. It’s quite useful for posterizing all or only part of an underlying image layer. Here you can see the same 5 vintage auto composition, with 60% gray applied on a Hard Mix mode layer. When you add color to a Hard Mix layer, depending on the color, you can cycle the underlying image colors. Figure 7-12: Use Overlay blend mode to emphasize color and contrast. 60% Gray 6 7 7 TIP 8 To preview a lot of different Hard Mix possibilities, use a medium gray, and then use the Hue/Saturation (CTRL/ CMD+U) Adjustment, then check Colorize to tint the gray. Then, before you click OK, drag the Hue slider to the 9 left and right. In the document window, you can preview the variations you can achieve and decide on one before exiting the adjustment. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 165 165
1 Explore the Difference Blend Mode 2 In the Difference blend mode, each color channel of the blend layer is mathematically subtracted from the color channel of the base layer’s colors. The blend process looks at all the document’s color channels; the blend color is then subtracted from the base or the base is subtracted from the blend layer— 3 depending on which layer has the greater brightness at any given pixel. This mode is not intuitive; however, you can produce very surreal imagery if you: • Remember that Hue, the distinguishing property in a color, travels around the traditional color wheel starting at red (0 degrees) and increasing clockwise—yellow 4 is at 90 degrees, add 180 to arrive at yellow’s color opposite (blue) at 240 degrees, and continue until you arrive back at red at 360 degrees. The process is difference— delta, change—not exactly subtraction. So, for example, a base color of magenta (300 degrees) and a Difference blend color of green (120 degrees) results in a cyan- 5 blue, a 180-degree difference in hue. • Use Figure 7-13 as a cheat sheet. It provides many common Difference combinations and features a traditional color wheel. As you can see, the result color usually lies between the base and difference color around the wheel. 6 Base Result Difference Base Difference Result Color Color Color Color Color Color 7 7 Figure 7-13: Difference blend mode calculates the difference in 8 hue between the layer in this mode and the layer(s) beneath it. TIP If you own Photoshop CS4 Extended, you can easily 9 make dramatic video clips by changing the position of the If the two colors are exactly the same, the result—your view of the blend layer’s contents or the base layer’s visual content composition—will be black, no difference. If the two colors are on exactly over time. opposite sides of the color spectrum, the result will be white. 10 166 166 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 As shown in Figure 7-14, the glass of the blender is blue and the bananas 2 outside of the glass area are completely unsaturated, color neutral, white in some areas. But where the bananas coincide with the blue glass, the result is yellow, the difference between white and blue. 3 NOTE In Figure 7-14, notice that the bottom layer’s background is apparently unaffected by the Difference layer’s color 4 content. All underlying layers are affected by the top layer’s blend mode; however, the background behind the blender’s glass was selected and tinted a neutral color, so the audience doesn’t see any effect. Read Chapter 5 5 to learn how to work with the contents of a selection you create. Figure 7-14: Create dramatic changes using Difference blend mode and different 6 base and blend colors. QUICKFACTS UNDERSTANDING EXCLUSION Work with HSL Blend Modes MODE The remaining blend modes on the drop-down list on the Layers panel are terrific 7 You can create an effect similar to Difference mode for performing significant edits to images, and they are quite straightforward. 7 with Exclusion, which lowers the contrast of the affected Hue, Color, and the other modes covered in the next sections only modify one layer(s), but still produces the psychedelic inversions color attribute based on the HSL color model—such as saturation. In contrast of Difference mode. Blending with white inverts the base color values, and blending with black produces Color Burn or Overlay alter both saturation plus brightness, begging some 8 no change. guesswork on the user’s part. CREATING EFFECTS WITH HUE BLEND MODE The Hue blend mode will do absolutely nothing to underlying layer image NOTE areas that have no Saturation, but has a great effect on areas with adequate 9 saturation and medium brightness. Hue blend mode is therefore ineffective at Saturation is the presence of hue, so you cannot expect Hue blend mode to add color to areas that lack saturation. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 167 167
1 hand-tinting grayscale images, but you can turn this to your advantage when 2 you have a photo with a combination of saturated and dull image areas. The design possibilities for Hue blend mode are only limited to your imagination: you can change the color of leaves in a nature scene while leaving dull tree bark and rocks unchanged. You can also 3 remove the saturation from image areas if you paint with white on the Hue blend layer: 1. Choose an image that has both unsaturated areas and colorful areas. 2. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel to create a new 4 layer on top of your original photo. 3. Choose Hue from the blend mode drop-down list on the Layers panel. 4. Click the Gradient tool on the Tools panel, then on the Options bar, click the presets pop-up arrow and click the Spectrum preset gradient. 5 5. Click the Radial Gradient style button to the right of the presets pop-up, drag the cursor from the area in your photo where there is little saturation to an area of more colorful visual content, and then release the mouse button. If you’re unhappy with the result, repeat this step: you don’t have 6 to erase your current layer or create a new one. When a gradient has no Figure 7-15: Use Hue blend mode to replace saturated colors with transparency in it, you overwrite the layer’s pixels. Figure 7-15 shows different hues. a beautiful, dreamlike image as a result of using Hue blend mode in combination with an appropriate photograph. COLOR BLEND MODE 7 7 NOTE Color blend mode is perhaps the best all-purpose feature for hand-tinting You don’t have to use the Gradient tool to use Hue blend photographs; unlike Hue, Color mode tints every underlying image area, mode; it’s just fun to do! Use the Brush tool, the Clone including areas that have no saturation. The only caveat with working with Stamp, or any other paint application tool you like to 8 Color mode is that the amount of saturation you use when defining a color to use create changes via Hue blend mode. with this mode has an impact on how vivid the result color is. The other deciding factor is the brightness of any given pixel on the base layer: generally, a medium tone takes the Color mode the best—light areas can produce pastels (or no color at all) and, similarly, dark or black areas will not result in a colorized photo. 9 10 168 168 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 Here is a white on white composition; through careful lighting, there are a 2 lot of shades of black in this image, which means most of the image can be manually colorized. 3 4 To colorize an image—that is, to add color to an image using the Color blend mode: 5 1. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel to add a layer to your photo. 2. Choose Color from the Layers panel’s blend mode drop-down list. 3. Click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Tools panel to display the Color Picker. 6 4. Choose a color, but do not fully saturate it. Somewhere between the left and right of the color field is a good choice for brightness and saturation. Choose an appropriate hue using the slider, then click OK. 5. Click the Brush tool on the Tools panel and set the size to scale with your photo using 7 7 the controls on the Options bar (or right-click in the document window to choose a preset from the pop-up menu). 6. Paint away, changing hues from the Color Picker when appropriate. You can see the choice of green in Figure 7-16, and the result in the document window. It’s brighter than one would expect; this is a function of both the brightness on the bottom layer’s 8 Figure 7-16: Choose a duller color than you anticipate to pixels and the choice of saturation for the color. keep the Color blend layer’s output looking natural. CORRECT PHOTOS WITH SATURATION Saturation blend mode produces results depending on the saturation value of 9 the color you apply; it makes no difference what hue you apply, so you can, in practice, apply saturated green to a blue sky and the sky would remain blue. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 169 169
1 When you apply a highly saturated color, you increase the native saturation 2 of colors on the base layers; applying gray, black, and white removes the saturation from underlying image areas. Here is a picture of a cookbook cover; the image was saved in CMYK mode and, as a result, the colors are duller than those that could be shown in monitor 3 RGB mode. 4 5 6 To bring out the saturation in the image: 7 7 1. Add a new layer to the document by clicking the Create A New Layer button on the Layers panel. 2. Choose Saturation from the blend modes drop-down list on the Layers panel. 3. Click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Tools panel, and then drag the marker 8 in the color field to the right, and then upward to increase the brightness of the color. Click OK to set the color and return to the composition. 4. Click the Brush tool on the Tools panel. 5. Stroke over the areas in which you want to increase the saturation. 9 6. Optionally, if you want to play down certain overly saturated areas, choose white in the Color Picker and then stroke over these areas. 10 170 170 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and
1 QUICKFACTS As shown in Figure 7-17, the food on the cookbook cover looks a lot more USING LUMINOSITY MODE 2 appetizing; although some of the background was stroked over with white, it The Luminosity blend mode is one of the few blend doesn’t become white, but instead grayscale. Use this trick to make certain areas modes that is better used to paint with than to assign to of a color image grayscale, imitating the special effect used in the classic motion a layer blend mode. This is because you will have more picture Pleasantville! control and visual feedback. Luminance doesn’t touch 3 the hue or saturation of the underlying pixels; you use it to apply shading to a photo as you’d use the Dodge and Burn tools on the Tools panel. One suggestion is to create several shades of black and 4 save them to the Swatches panel so you can quickly choose different ones. Then paint using Luminosity mode, varying your foreground color via the Swatches panel, and you can quickly fix the tones in a photo. 5 6 Figure 7-17: Use Saturation blend mode to increase or remove saturation. 7 7 Use the Paint-Only Blend Modes There are two modes reserved for painting; you won’t find Behind or Clear on the Layers panel’s drop-down list. They’re good modes and here’s how to 8 use them. Paint with Clear Essentially, the Clear painting mode is an Eraser tool, with the advantage of 9 being able to use it with any painting tool: the Clone Stamp, the Paint Bucket tool, and the Gradient tool can all be used to produce wild, interesting effects. 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 171 171