Public Policy - Minimalist Introduction

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Public Policy - Minimalist Introduction presents the following content: Public policy – short introduction; Family policy in South Korea; Overview of Family Policies.

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Public Policy Minimalist Introduction Dao Hung 2022 December 12th
01 Introduction Full name: Đào Hưng Major: Public Policy, Public Administration Interested topics: Policy Analysis, Public Reform, Quantitative Analysis, Governance • 2020 ~ : Ph.D. Candidate at Graduate school of Public Administration, Seoul National University • 2018: MPA, Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University • 2013 ~ 2020: Dak Lak Home Affairs Department 2
Content Public policy – Short Introduction Family Policy in South Korea Lesson 3
02 Ice-Breaking 4
03 Public Policy 5
Public Policy - Definition • Anything a government chooses to do or not to do (the choices which could involve unintended consequences) (Dye, 2013) • Public goal which the government set to achieve by a set of policy instrument • Public policy is the means by which a government maintains order or addresses the needs of its citizens through actions defined by its constitution • Chính sách công là một tập hợp các quyết định có liên quan để “lựa chọn” mục tiêu và những giải pháp, công cụ chính sách nhằm giải quyết các vấn đề chính sách theo mục tiêu tổng thể đã xác định của đảng chính trị cầm quyền (Đõ Phú Hải, 2017) • Chính sách công là kết quả ý chí chính trị của nhà nước được thể hiện bằng một tập hợp các quyết định có liên quan với nhau, bao hàm trong đó định hướng mục tiêu và cách thức giải quyết những vấn đề công trong xã hội (Nguyễn Hữu Hải, 2016) 6
Policy actors Inside the government Outside the government The administration Interest groups Civil Servants Academics, Researchers, and Consultants The Congress The Media Elections-related participants Public opinion (Kingdon & Stano, 1984) 7
Policy process - Policy cycle Agenda- Policy Setting Formulation Evaluation Decision and Making Termination Implemen tation Nguyễn Hữu Hải (2016) Jann & Wegrich (2007) 8
Policy process - Policy cycle Hoạch định chính sách (Khởi sự chính sách + Đưa vào chương trình nghị sư) Xây dựng chính sách Đánh giá chính sách (Phân tích chính sách + Xây dựng phương án) Thực hiện chính sách Đỗ Phú Hải (2017) Howlett et al. (2009) 9
04 Family Policy in Korea 10
General Statistic 2 Vietnam South Korea 0.8 98.1 mil Population 2021 51.7 mil 3.6 1990 1.6 1.9 Fertility rate 2005 1.1 2 2020 0.8 313,429 Land Area (Km2) 97,600 49.9% % Female (2021) 50.1 11
Social and Demographic Backgrounds (Problem identification) • Welfare by family – Confucian familism • Families play a primary role in delivering social welfare services • Weak sense of Public responsibility and welfare as a social right • Demographic statistics alarmed in the mid-2000s • Raidly decreasing fertility rates • Changes in Marriage and divorce statistics • Increasing number of transnational marriages and multi- cultural families 12
Three demographic issues Total fertility rates, 1960-2017 Source: OECD (2019), Rejuvenating Korea: Policies for a Changing Society Source: Song (2019) 13
Overview of Family Policies • Explicit family policies were established in the mid-2000s. • An effort to address recent social and demographic changes in Korea • Shift from an implicit, subordinate, fragmented approach to an explicit approach in policymaking. • Containt three main areas: • (a) Work-family policies • (b) Healthy family policy • (c) Policy for multi-cultural families 14
Agenda-setting Demographic issues = negative signals of family well-being and functioning  Threaten the sustainability of Korean society • Policymarkers Consensus on • Public opinion the need of • Researchers policy response => Passed the Framework Act on Healthy Families in 2004 => Expanded Ministry of Gender Equality to become the Ministry of Gender in 2005 15
Policy formulation + Decision making New family policy paradigm in Korea • Fragment service -> Universal coverage Work-family • Family responsibility -> Social responsibility policies • Problem-solving -> Prevention-orientation The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family plays an active role in three main policies: Healthy Multi-cultural family policy families 16
1. Work-Family Policies - Implementation • Assumption: Korean working culture (Over-time working, Work related activities are prioritized) puts pressure on the decision to have children => Reduce working pressure will encourage couples to have children • Tool: The Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Balance (2008). • Main actors: Central and Local government, Employer, Employee. • Implementation: • Leave Policies • Maternity Leave: 90 days (60 days full wages and 30 days partial wage) • Parental Leave (Optional): Up to 1 year until the child’s 6th birthday, 40% full wage (paid by insurance) – only 2% of fathers use this option. • Reduced Work Schedule (Optional): Min 15 hours/week, Max 30 hours/week (1 year) • Child Care Policies • Child Care Subsidy: Until 6th year. Depending upon the child’s age, household characteristics • On-Site Child Care: Company with more than 300 female workers has to provide on-site, non- profit child care at workplaces 17
1. Work-Family Policies - Evaluation Pros Cons 18
2. Healthy Family Policy - Implementation • Purpose: promote social responsibility for building healthy families and communities and improve the well-being of Korean families => Example of healthy families encourages young couples to get married • Tool: The Framework Act on Healthy Families • Main actors: Establish Healthy Family Support Centers (HFSCs) • Implementation: HFSCs Services and Programs: • (a) Family life education (Improve life quality, prevent family conflicts) • (b) Family counseling (support divorcing couples) • (c) Family-friendly community-building programs • (d) Complementary child care service (babysitters, child care services) • (e) emergency support for vulnerable families (single-parent, teen parent, remarried families) • (f) Community networking (Partnership with community organizations, schools, universities) 19
2. Healthy Family Policy – Critique (Evaluation) • Pros • Cons 20