NGHIEN ciiu - TRAO o6i<br />
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NUlNNMNTJrBDCDllJilVEMllTllliiNB<br />
VJiPIUTTIlfNifNViNI!<br />
• PGS.TS. Mai Trong Thong<br />
Vien Dia Ly, Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam<br />
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1. Dat van de tiep tuc dugc xay dimg vdi tdng cdng suat hon<br />
Trong su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien 8.000MW, se cung cap cho ludi dien qudc gia hang<br />
dai hda dat nude, de phat trien kinh te va dap nam them 32 ty KWh. Theo ke hoach, den nam 2015,<br />
img nhu cau sinh hoat cua ngudi dan, phat Viet Nam cd the khai thac hon 85% tiem nang thiiy<br />
trien dien nang - trong dd cd thuy dien - dien vdi tdng cdng suat dat khoang 16.000MW, dap<br />
ngudn nang lugng sach tai tao la chu chuang ling ca ban nhu cau dien nang cho san xuat, dich vu va<br />
chien lugc dung dan va rat can thiet. ddi sdng cua nhan dan.<br />
^ Vdi dac diem dia ly tu nhien cd nhieu Khi xay dimg cac CTTD, nhat la cac cdng trinh ldn<br />
ddi, niii, sdng, hd, lugng mua hang nam d va vira, se hinh thanh cac hd chira. Ngoai nhiem vu<br />
cac viing khac nhau kha phong phii nen viec phat dien, cac hd chira se cd nhirng tac dung rat ldn den<br />
phat trien cac nha may thuy dien d nude ta viec cai thien mdi trudng nhu: dieu hda ddng chay giiia<br />
rat thuan lgi. Trong nhieu nam qua, ben canh miia lii va mua can, giiia nam nhieu nude va nam it<br />
hang loat cac cdng trinh thiiy dien (CTTD) nude, dieu hda khi hau va tang lugng am trong khu<br />
CO cdng suat ldn nhu San La (2.400MW), vuc, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac he sinh thai phat<br />
Hda Binh (1.940MW), Yaly (I.IOOMW), trien. Ben canh dd, cac hd chira cdn gdp phan quan<br />
Ban Ve (320MW), Tuyen Quang (342MW), trgng trong viec chdng lu, tudi tieu ndng nghiep, day<br />
Dai Minh (300MW)..., tren khap dat nude, man vimg ha du, cung cap nude cho san xuat va sinh<br />
hang tram cac CTTD vira va nhd da va dang hoat cua nhan dan. Tuy nhien, su hinh thanh cac hd<br />
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Sd 6/2010 Theng tin KH-CN Ngh$ An [211<br />
NGHIEN CIJU - TRAO o 6 l<br />
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chira ciing gay ra nhirng tac ddng tieu cue cung cap dien nang cho su phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi va<br />
din mdi trudng va hoat ddng kinh te - xa hdi ddi sdng sinh hoat ciia ngudi dan.<br />
nhu: gay b6i lang d viing thugng du, thay Theo du bao, nhu c^u sir dung dien cua tinh Nghe<br />
ddi che do thuy van cac ddng sdng sudi, lam An din nani 2010 khoang 1,62 ty KWh, tuong duong<br />
mat di mdt so dien tich rimg va tao kha nang 365MW (De dn quy hoach thiiy dien Nghe An den ndm<br />
thuan lgi han cho viec xam nhap va khai 2010, UBND tinh Nghe An, 2006); din nam 2015, kha<br />
thac rimg trai phep, he thuy sinh bi thay ddi nang san xuat dien dat khoang 2,9 - 3,1 ty KWh, tuang<br />
moi trudng sdng lam anh hudng den qua duong 3.250MW, trong dd thuy dien dat 800 - 850MW<br />
trinh di chuyen va sinh san, dac biet la cac va cum nhiet dien Quynh Luu dat 2400MW (Dit thao bdo<br />
loai ca. Ve mat xa hdi, su hinh thanh hd cdo chinh tri Ddng Bo tinh Nghe An khda 16,2010).<br />
chira da tao nen van de di dan, tai dinh cu Tir tinh toan nhu cau sir dung dien giai doan 2006-<br />
lam thay doi moi trudng sdng, phong tuc tap 2015, tinh Nghe An da chii trgng dau tu xay dung quy<br />
quan san xuat va ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan, hoach he thdng thiiy dien cua tinh tir ngay sau nam<br />
nhat la dong bao cac dan tdc thieu sd. 2000. Tren thuc te, cdng tac quy hoach thuy dien dugc<br />
Nhu vay, viec phat trien xay dung he thuc hien trong 3 de an. Dd la:<br />
thdng thuy dien vdi quy md ldn tren ca nude - Du an Quy hoach thuy dien nho todn quoc ciia Bp<br />
la mot chu truang diing dan va phu hgp Cong nghiep (nay la Bd Cdng thuang): Quyet dinh sd<br />
nham dap img nhu cau dien nang ngay cang 3454/QD-BCN ngay 18/10/2005 phe duyet 18 CTTD<br />
tang cua qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai nhd tren cac ddng sdng nhd cua tinh Nghe An, trong dd<br />
hda, cua su nghiep phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cd 9 cdng trinh ldn han 5MW va 9 cdng trinh nhd hon<br />
cua ca nude va cua timg vung, timg tinh. 5MW. Sau dd, Bd Cdng thuang phe duyet bd sung<br />
Tuy nhien, sir phat trien d at, thieu quy them 3 cdng trinh vao nam 2008 va dieu chinh quy mo,<br />
-hoach, thieu nhirng tinh toan ky cang ve cai ten ggi 5 cdng trinh, bd sung 1 cdng trinh vao nam<br />
dugc, cai mat ve phuang dien mdi trudng, 2009, nang tdng sd CTTD nhd dugc phe duyet len 22<br />
kinh te - xa hgi thi hau qua xau se khdn cdng trinh vdi tdng cdng suat 174,4MW.<br />
ludng, dan den su suy thoai nghiem trgng - De an Phdt trien thiiy dien tinh Nghe An den ndm<br />
moi trudng tu nhien, mdi trudng sdng cua 2010 dugc UBND tinh phe duyet theo Quyet dinh sd<br />
con ngudi. 128/2006/QD-UBND ngay 7/12/2006, da xac dinh 10<br />
Bai toan ve quy hoach phat trien he thdng CTTD vira va nhd va mdt sd cdng trinh rat nhd vdi<br />
cac CTTD can dugc nhin nhan tir gdc do bao tdng cdng suat 837MW dugc xay dung den nam 2010,<br />
ve mdi trudng vdi nhiing muc tieu chien trong do cd cdng trinh thily lgi - thuy dien Ban Mdng<br />
lugc va nhiing tieu chi bao ve mdi trudng cu de lai dau tu sau nam 2010.<br />
the, phii hgp khdng nhirng cho ca he thong - De an Quy hoach thiiy dien vica vd nho tinh Nghe<br />
luu vuc song ma cho timg nhanh sdng, timg An do Vien Nang lugng thudc Tap doan dien lire Viet<br />
nha may thuy dien dugc xem xet xay dung. Nam thuc hien va da dugc Bd Cdng thuang tham dinh<br />
2. Gioi thieu ve quy hoach va hien trang thang 10/2007. Theo de an nay, cd 18 CTTD nhd dugc<br />
xay dung he thong thuy dien a Nghe An lira chgn dgt 1 de xay dung den nam 2015 vdi tdng<br />
cdng suat 73,4MW. Trong sd 18 CTTD nay, khdng tinh<br />
2.1. Quy hoach hi thing thdy diin tinh den cac CTTD da dugc phe duyet trong Quy hoach<br />
Nghi An din ndm 2015 thuy dien nho tren todn quoc ciia Bp Cong thuang vd<br />
Nghe An la mot tinh cd dien tich tu nhien trong de dn Phdt trien thiiy dien Nghe An den ndm<br />
ldn vdi tren 3/4 la doi nui, dja hinh cd do ddc 2(?76'ciia UBND tinh Nghe An.<br />
cao, he thdng sdng ngdi kha day, lugng mua Tdng hgp tir 3 du an quy hoach tren cho thay birc<br />
trung binh dao dgng tir 1.400 - 2.000mm. tranh tdng the ve quy hoach he thdng thuy dien tinh Nghe<br />
Tdng chieu dai sdng sudi tren dia ban tinh la An den nam 2015 nhu sau: Tdng sd CTTD vira va nhd du<br />
9.828km, mat do tmng binh la 0,6 - 0,8 kien dugc xay dung la 45 cdng trinh vdi tdng cdng suat<br />
km/km^. Vdi dieu kien dia ly thuan lgi, Nghe 898,3MW. N I U chi tinh cac CTTD da chinh thirc dugc<br />
An cd tiem nang ldn de phat triln thiiy dien, Bd Cdng thuong va UBND tinh phe duyet thi cd 27 cdng<br />
dac biet tren he thong luu vuc sdng Ca, cd thi trinh vdi tdng cdng suit la 824,9MW (xem bang).<br />
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Sd 6/2010 Th6ng tin KH-CN Ngh$ An [221<br />
NGHIEN CVU - TRAO DOI<br />
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Bang: Cac cong trinh thiiy dien vu-a va nho du-ffc phe duyet<br />
theo cac Quy hoach thiiy dien tinh Nghe An<br />
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Thong s6 nha may<br />
Ten nha Song, sudi Huyen Xa<br />
TT Cong Dien tich ho Dung tich ho<br />
may<br />
suat chira (l