Sản xuất nhân tạo giống ghẹ xanh tại Thanh Hóa - KS. Lê Xuân Khâm

KET QUA HOAT DONG KH&CN<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> SAis xrA'x i\iiAi\ TAO G I O N G<br /> GHE XANH TAI THAI^H HOA<br /> KS. Le Xuan Kham<br /> Hoi nghe ca Thanh Hda<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> d Viet Nam. Thanh Hda ehUa dieu tra danh gia<br /> ve ngudn Ipi ghe xanh, nhung tai mdt sd dam<br /> thupc cac khu vUe nhu Lach Bang, Lach<br /> Ghep... nhan dan da thu gom gidng ty nhien<br /> ve nudi tha, ghe sd'ng thich nghi va cho thu<br /> hoach kha tdt. Cac ddng nudi tdm nUde Ip deu<br /> cd the nudi ghe khi dp man dat tU 1,5-2,0% trd<br /> len trong vu tha nudi. Nhu the Thanh Hda<br /> ngoai khu vyc nudi ghe Idng be tren bien nhu:<br /> Nghi Sdn, vung Thdi, Hdn Me, cdn mdt lupng<br /> dien tich nude Ip dang ke (hang ngan ha) tU<br /> Hau Lpc, Hoang Hda, Sam Sdn, Quang<br /> XUdng, TTnh Gia... deu cd the nudi chuyen<br /> hoac xen tdm - ghe. Van de dat ra la ngudn<br /> <br /> <br /> G<br /> he bien la ddi tupng hai san quy vi gia ghe gidng nhu the nao? Trong khi gidng thu<br /> tri dinh dudng cao, thjt thorn ngon... gom ty nhien rat bap benh va ngay cang can<br /> dupc thi trudng tieu dung trong va kiet. Ben canh do viec djnh hudng nudi ghe<br /> ngoai nUde rat Ua ehudng. Hang nam, hang thuong pham theo mot md hinh ky thuat de<br /> tram tan ghe Viet Nam dupe che bien xuat cho ndng dan hoc tap cung chUa dupe dat ra.<br /> khau sang My, Nhat, EU... dac biet hang chuc TrUde syddi hdi bye xue dd, thang 8/2008<br /> ngan tan ghe tUdi dupe xuat sang Trung Qudc, UBND tinh Thanh Hda cho then khai thye hien<br /> Hdng Kong...Ghe dupe phan bd P hau khap dy an "C/ng dung KHCN san xuat gidng va<br /> cac vung bien va cLfa song tU Bac vao Nam. nudi thuong pham ghe xanh tai Thanh Hda" do<br /> Nhyng nam gan day do nhu cau tieu thu trong Trung tam tu van KHCN, Dao tao va Djch vu<br /> nude va xuat khau tang, dan tdi viec khai thac thuy san (Hdi nghe ca Thanh Hda) chu tri; Co<br /> qua mUc, ngudn Ipi suy giam, nghe nudi ghe quan phdi hop chinh, chuyen giao cdng nghe<br /> thuong pham dupc hinh thanh de bu dap sy la Vien nghien cUu NTTS III (ddn vj da chuyen<br /> thieu hut dd. Ngudn gidng thu gom ty nhien giao thanh cdng cdng nghe san xuat gidng<br /> giam dan, khdng dap yng ndi nhu cau nudi cua bien cho Thanh Hda trong nam 2006-<br /> dang phat trien tai cac dja phUdng. TU nam 2007). Vdi muc tieu cu the cua dy an la: Lam<br /> 1998, de giai quyet van de con gidng cho chu dupc cdng nghe, san xuat thanh cdng<br /> nghe nudi ghe, Vien Nghien cUu nudi trdng 200.000 gidng ghe bdt; xay dyng md hinh nudi<br /> thuy san III (Nha Trang) dupc giao nhiem vu thuong pham BTC nang suat 600kg/ha de<br /> thyc hien de tai cap nha nUdc "San xuat gidng trinh dien nhan rong.<br /> va nudi thUdng pham ghe xanh", thanh edng Qua mot nam then khai (8/2008-8/2009),<br /> cua de tai da tao ed sd md rong nghe nudi ghe dy an dat dupe ket qua bude I nhu sau:<br /> <br /> s o 3/2010 - Hudng tdi ky niem 50 nam ngay thanh lap Sd KH&CN Thanh Hda 25<br /> KET QUA HOAT DONG KH&CN<br /> <br /> <br /> Ve cd sd vat chat: cai tao, nang cap mdt xuat gidng can sdm hdn, nham dam bao<br /> phan trai gidng tdm Hai Binh (phdi hpp vdi gidng cho thj trudng nudi tU eudi thang 3, dau<br /> Cdng ty CP gidng thuy san Thanh Hda), lap thang 4. Ddi vdi ngudi nudi ghe thuong pham<br /> dat thiet bj phu hpp cdng nghe san xuat gidng cung can chuan bi, dau tu cai tao ao dam<br /> ghe. tUdng yng de cd the tha gidng vao eudi thang<br /> Ve dao tao: ddn vj eCf 4 ngUdi di hpc ly 3, dau thang 4, dac biet phai tuan thu quy<br /> thuyet va lam thuc te tai Vien NCNTTS 111, trinh ky thuat, cho an dung, an du... Dau tu<br /> den thang 4/2009 dudi sy hudng dan eua nhu vay thdi gian nudi se dupe rut ngan, thu<br /> chuyen gia chuyen giao cdng nghe, 4 ky thuat hoach trUdc mua mUa bao thudng xay ra vao<br /> da thanh thao van hanh quy trinh san xuat thang 8,9 hang nam va hieu qua se dat cao.<br /> ghe gidng tai trai gidng Hai Binh. Ve san xuat Hien tai ed mdt khd khan Idn ddi vdi dy an la<br /> gidng: sau 4 dpt san xuat thanh cdng, dupe sd ghe gidng san xuat ra chUa tieu thu dupe. Mdt<br /> lupng 200.000 gidng ghe bdt, dat tieu chuan mat do ehUa cd nhieu hp nudi ghe thuong<br /> chat lupng, dem UPng thanh ghe gidng 2- pham, cdn mdt sd nudi nhung lai chUa quen<br /> 3em, phat then tdt. Ty le sd'ng tU tryng len ghe vdi viec tha gidng san xuat nhan tao, mat<br /> bdt binh quan 12% (san xuat eua gidng tai khac lai ed tu tUdng trdng chd, i lai, mudn cd<br /> Thanh Hda chi dat 4-5%), cdn Udng tU ghe sy hd trp mot phan kinh phi ty nha nude...Cau<br /> bdt len ghe gidng ty le sd'ng dat 75-80%. Hdi hoi dat ra: Giai phap nao de nghe nudi ghe<br /> ddng KHCN da thdng nhat nghiem thu ket thuong pham d Thanh Hda phat then nhanh,<br /> qua bude I: khang djnh thanh cdng cua bude manh, hieu qua? Dau tien la edng tac khuyen<br /> thye hien cdng nghe san xuat nhan tao gidng ngU: Can khuyen cao ve nhyng khu vyc, ao<br /> ghe xanh tai Thanh Hda. dam cd du dieu kien nudi ghe thuong pham<br /> Ve nudi md hinh thUdng pham: dja diem (chat day, dp man, mdi trUdng...); tap huan,<br /> md hinh tai ngoai de song Lach Bang thupc xa hudng d i n ky thuat cho ndng dan NTTS eac<br /> • Hai Binh, dMc sU ddng y phdi hpp cua gia hinh thUe nudi ghe thUdng pham nhu nudi<br /> dinh dng Le Van Sy, nudi tren ao cd dien tich chuyen canh, xen canh...; td chyc tham quan<br /> lO.OOOm^ Ngay tha gidng 19/5/2009, lUpng hpc tap tai cac dja phUdng nudi ghe hieu qua<br /> gidng tha 5.000 con, kich ed 2-3em. Kiem tra cao nhu Khanh Hda, Phu Yen...; xay dyng<br /> trong thdi gian nudi 1 thang, 2 thang ghe sinh mdt sd md hinh ky thuat nudi ghe thUdng<br /> trudng, phat then tdt. Sau gan 3 thang nudi pham de phd bien, nhan rong. Co quan chu tri<br /> den ngay 15/8, thay nude sdng cd hien tupng dy an san xuat gidng (Trung tam tu van<br /> ngpt dan, md hinh tien hanh thu thCf, ket qua KHCN, dao tao va dich vu thuy san - Hdi nghe<br /> ghe thit (tren lOOg/con) chiem ty le cdn thap ca Thanh Hda) phai phdi hpp tdt vdi Trung<br /> (20% tdng sd ghe thu dupe). Thdi gian sau dd tam Khuyen ndng tinh de lam tdt cdng tac<br /> ddn vi vUa nudi, vya thu tia, den thang 9 nude khuyen ngU neu tren, trong dd ed trach nhiem<br /> sdng ngpt hin dc mua lu dai ngay va cdn bao td chUe san xuat ghe gidng ngay tU dau nam,<br /> sd 9, ghe chet dan, md hinh nudi thUdng pham cung cap cho vu nudi xuan he 2011. Cac dia<br /> chua dat muc tieu de ra. Viec nudi md hinh phUdng ed nudi ghe tao dieu kien phdi hpp<br /> can phai sd ket rut kinh nghiem de thyc hien nhip nhang vdi eac ban, nganh chUe nang,<br /> lai nam sau. ddng thdi chi dao chuyen mon va khuyen<br /> Mot sd ket luan sau khi thye hien bude 1: ndng ed sd giup dd, hd trd trye tiep cac hp<br /> Dieu kien ty nhien, mdi trudng... d Thanh Hda nudi ghe tren dja ban quan ly. Dd'i vdi cac hp<br /> rat thuan Ipi cho viec san xuat nhan tao gidng ndng dan nudi ghe phai tap trung dau tu, quy<br /> ghe, Udng nudi ghe bdt thanh ghe gidng; hoach, cai tao ao dam, quan ly mdi trudng,<br /> ngudn ghe bd me ty nhien tai dia phUdng cham sdc... theo hudng d i n cua quy trinh ky<br /> phong phu va ed chat lupng tdt. Thdi gian san thuat da dupe phd bien.<br /> <br /> 26 s o 3/2010 - Hudng tdi ky niem 50 nam ngay thanh lap Sd KH&CN Thanh Hda<br />