So sánh hiệu quả hấp thụ các yếu tố dinh dưỡng của rong sụn và rong guột chùm trong vùng nuôi hải sản tập trung tại Cát Bà

Tilu ban: C 6 N G NGHE SINH HOC Bi£N VA MOI TRLffirNG 501_<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> SO SANH HIEU QUA HAP THU CAC YEU TO DINH D U ' O N G CUA<br /> RONG SVN {Kapaphycus alvarezii Doty) VA RONG G U Q T CHUM<br /> (Caulerpa racemosa C. Ag.)<br /> TRONG VUNG NUOI HAI SAN T A P TRUNG TAI CAT BA<br /> Dam Dure Tien, Pham Van Lugng<br /> Vi^n Tdi nguyen vd Moi truang bien, Vien Khoa hpc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam<br /> <br /> <br /> I. MO DAU<br /> Rong Gugt (Caulerpa microphysa (Forsk.) C. Ag.) va rong Syn (Kapaphycus alvarezii<br /> (Doty) Doty) li nhirng loai thyc vat bac thap s6ng trong m6i trudng nude bien. Cung nhu tat ci<br /> eac loai thyc vat khic, thdng qua qui trinh quang hgp, khi CO2 va cic chat dinh dudng trong<br /> nude bien dugc rong Syn vi rong Gugt hip thy de t6ng hgp thanh cic hgp chat hiru co.<br /> Trudc kia, phan Idn vimg bien thugc quan dao Cat Bi deu cd rong bien phan b6 (trong d6<br /> c6 rong Gugt) vdi difn tich rgng, sinh kh6i Idn. Con rong Syn la loii dugc di nhap tir cic tinh<br /> mien Trung va frong thu ngh if m tai mgt s6 vimg bien thugc quan dio Cit Ba. Hifn tai, phan Idn<br /> difn tich vimg bien Cat Ba hau nhu kh6ng con rong bien.<br /> Vifc su dyng rong Syn va rong Gugt de hap thu cic chat dinh dudngfrongm6i trudng nu6i hai<br /> sin tap trung da cd mgt s6 tie gii quan tam den [2,3,4] nhung day li nghien cuu dau tien tai viing<br /> bien Cit Ba, gop phan lam sach m6i trudng nude bien va din lay lai sy can bang cho thuy vyc.<br /> Bai bio gidi thifu khi nang va hifu qui hap thu cic yeu to dinh dudng ciia rong Syn<br /> (Kapaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty) va rong Gugt (Caulerpa racemosa (Forsk.) C. Ag.) tai vimg<br /> nu6i hii sin tap trung thugc viing bien Cit Ba.<br /> <br /> II. TAI LIEU VA PinrONG PHAP<br /> <br /> 1. Tai lieu<br /> Tii lifu dugc sir dyng trong bai bio li ket qui nghien ciru thyc nghifm cua Dy in: "Thyc<br /> nghifm xir ly nude thai bang thyc vat thiiy sinh" ciia Lien hifp cic Hgi Khoa hgc vi Ky thuat<br /> Vift Nam t^i khu vyc Vyng Tai Keo, thugc quin dio Cit Ba, Hii Phong (So d6 Hinh 1).<br /> <br /> 2. Phuong phap<br /> Vifc nghien cim dya fren phuong phip dinh gii djnh lugng kha nang hap thu cic hgp dinh<br /> dudng frong nude biln d vimg nudi bii san tap trung. Cic 16 thi nghifm vi 16 d6i chimg dugc tiiyc<br /> hifn frong cimg dieu kifn d ngoai hifn trudng. L6 thi nghifm va 16 doi chiing dugc bo tri frong cic<br /> be kinh (dai 1,2m, rgng 0,5m vi sau 0,8m), chira 400 lit nude bien ty nhien, lay tai noi thi nghifm.<br /> Mat do rong frong cic 16 thi nghifm la khoing 3,5kg rong tuoi/m^. Ngu6n rong dimg cho thi nghifm<br /> dugc layfrongcic ang d gan cic be nu6i hii sin va nu6ifrongcic long thi nghif rti.<br /> Cic thi nghiem dugc tien hinh vao cic thing 8, 10 (thdi ky viing nudi thudng cd djch bfnh)<br /> va thing 12 (bit diu vao miia d6ng, rong Gugt thudng phat frien kem), nam 2007.<br /> 502 Tuyen t|p HQi nghj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH HQC BifeN vA P H A T T R I ^ N BfeN VCTNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Cic mau nude dugc thu tai noi dat thi nghifm, phan tich tai Phong thi nghifm ciia Vifn Tai<br /> nguyen va M6i trudng biln theo Standard Methods.^ [5] Cic 16 thi nghifm ky hifu la T va cic 16<br /> doi chiing ky hifu li D. Vifc do dac va liy mau de xic djnh mgt so th6ng s6 chit lugng nude.<br /> dugc thyc hifn vao cic khoing thdi gian 0 gid, 6 gid, 12 gid, 18 gid, vi 24 gid, tinh tii khi bit<br /> dau thi nghifm.<br /> Cic tieu chuin so sinh dya theo cic tieu chuan ciia Vift Nam va the gidi. [1,6,7,8,9,10]<br /> <br /> HiNH 1. f>|A BtiU THMC N C H ^<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> •i^^M^^ir^ii^Z'jM<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Sv dd dja diem nghien ciru<br /> <br /> m . KET QUA NGHIEN c u t r<br /> 1. Su bien doi nong do mot so yeu to dinh dudng trong ngay<br /> Mau nude dugc thu tai tai hifn trudng frong dieu kifn nhu nhau (cho ci 16 thi nghifm vai<br /> rong Sun va rong Gugt). Nong do cac chat dinh dudng trong cic 6 thi nghiem vdi rong Sun va<br /> rong Gugt sau timg 6 gid thi nghifm (dai nhat la sau 24 gid) cd the thay dugc qua bing 1.<br /> Tieu ban: CONG NGHE SINH HOC B | £ N V A MOI TRLPONG 503<br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 1. K§t qua phan tich mgt sd chat dinh dipdng thang 8 (a), thing 10 (b) va thang 12 (c)<br /> TT T h d i gian Ky hifu N6ng dg cac chSt dinh d u d n g ()ig/l)<br /> mlu NOa' -N NOz" -N NH/-N P04^-P<br /> 1a Bat dSu thi n g h i f m To 192 17 /199 46<br /> 1b To 108 17 96 44<br /> 1c To 140 22 147 48<br /> 2a Ti 172/172 13/14 126166 35/40<br /> Bl 200/200 18/18 197/197 48/48<br /> 2b Sau 6 g i d Tl 83/76 13/15 62/56 32/35<br /> Bi 107/97 17/16 95/94 .. 46/46<br /> 2c Ti 139/132 20/18 144/135 46/44<br /> Oi 129/129 22/22 162/162 49/49<br /> 3a T2 160/155 12/12 98/153 28/30<br /> fi2 184/164 17/19 190/190 42/42<br /> 3b Sau 12 g i d T2 70/63 9/11 31/45 27/29<br /> D2 101/91 16/16 97/97 46/46<br /> 3c T2 135/120 16/17 141/132 43/41<br /> D2 115/115 19/24 128/128 3939<br /> 4a T3 167/139 11,9/9,0 121/150 31/25<br /> 03 161/140 10,7/21 187/179 30/39<br /> 4b Sau 18 g i d T3 59/61 8,5/10 30/34 26/24<br /> D3 101/90 16/16 97/96 46/44<br /> 4c T3 100/108 13/16 90/93 31/36<br /> D3 129/129 24/24 169/169 45/45<br /> 5a T4 158/123 10/7,5 100/141 22/18<br /> D4 190/137 16,21 190/176 39/38<br /> 5b Sau 24 g i d T4 68/52 9/9,5 29/29 26/21<br /> 04 99/89 16/16 95/93 45/41<br /> 5c T4 98/98 15/15 70/77 24/24<br /> ©4 122/122 26/26 154/154 42/42<br /> - Ghi chii: a- thing 8; b- thing 10 va c- thing 12. Tu s6: rong Syn va mau s6: rong Gugt<br /> <br /> 2. Hieu qua hap thu ciia rong Sun va rong Guot<br /> Tir kit qui tai bang 1, chiing ta tinh dugc hifu qua hap thu cic chat dinh dudng cua rong<br /> Syn vi rong Gugt sau thdi gian 6 gid/ lan va 24 gid (bing 2).<br /> <br /> Bang 2. Hl$u qud h i p thu cac chit dinh du'd'ng ciia rong Si^n va rong Gugt<br /> Thing H i f u s u i t h i p phy (%) sau 24 g i d (^g/l)<br /> NO3-N N02" -N NH/-N P04'"-P<br /> Th^ng 8 17,7/35,8 41,1/55,8 49,7/29,1 52,2/60,7<br /> Th^ng 10 37,0/51,8 50/44,1 69,7/69,8 40,9/52,2<br /> Thang 12 30,0/30,0 31,8/31,8 52,3/47,5 50,0/50,0<br /> Tnjng binh 28,2/39,2 40,9/43,9 57,2/48,8 47,7/54,3<br /> <br /> <br /> Ghi chii: a- thing 8; b- thing 10 va c- thing 12. Tir s6: rong Syn va mau so: rong Gugt<br /> 504 Tuyln tip H$i nghj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V t SINH HQC BI^N VA PHAT T R | £ N B £ N VCTNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ket qui tai bang 2 cho thay, doi vdi rong Sun, nong do NO3' giim tir 17,7% (thing 8) den<br /> 50,0% (tiling 10), frung binh la 28,2%. Tuong ty, NOj' li 31,8% (thing 12) den 50,0% (tiling<br /> 10), trung binh 40,9%; vdi NR,"" li 49,71% (thing 8) din 69,7% (thing 10), tinng binh: 57,2%;<br /> vdi P04^" li 40,9% (thing 10) den 52,2% (tiling 8), tiling binh 47,7%).<br /> Doi vdi rong Gugt, kit quiNOs' giim tir 30% (thing 12) din 51,8% (thing 10), trung binh<br /> la 39,2%. Tuong ty, N02' la 31,8% (thing 12) din 55,8% (thing 8), frung binh 43,9%; vdi NH,"^<br /> la 29,1% (thing 8) din 69,8% (thing 10), frung binh: 48,8%; vi P04^" la 50% (thing 12) din<br /> 60,7% (thing 8), frung binh 54,3%).<br /> Tir cic ket qui fren, chiing ta cd the so sinh hifu qui hap thu cac chat dinh dudng cua hai<br /> loai rong nhu sau:<br /> - Gii trj hip thu trung binh (sau 24 gid thi nghifm) cic yeu td dinh dudng frong ci ba dgt<br /> thi nghifm dao dgng trong khoing 33,7mg vdi (NO3" -N) den 53mg vdi (NH4'^ -N) vi trung<br /> binh dat 44,4mg (hinh 1 a).<br /> <br /> <br /> 70<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> a Rong Sun<br /> • Rong GuOt<br /> n Trung binh<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NO3" -N NOz- -N NH/ -N POr - - P<br /> (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh l a . Gia trj h i p thu trung binh cac c h i t dinh du'ang sau 24 gid thi nghifm<br /> - Tdng gii frj hap thy tit ci cic chat dinh dudng (sau 24 gid) eua hai loii dao dgng trong<br /> khoing 40,4 mg (thing 12) den 44,9 mg(thing 10 vi trung binh dat 42,7 mg (hinh 2a).<br /> <br /> <br /> 60<br /> <br /> 50<br /> <br /> 40<br /> a ThSng 8<br /> 30 • Thdng 10<br /> OThSng 12<br /> 20<br /> <br /> 10<br /> <br /> 0<br /> Rong Syn Rong Gupt Trung binh<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 2a. Gia trj h i p thy cac chit dinh du-dng chung cua hai loai rong tai cac thang<br /> khac nhau<br /> Tieu ban: C 6 N G NGHE SINH HOC BI^N VA M 6 | TRtrC/NG 505<br /> <br /> <br /> 3. So sanh hieu qua hap thu cac chat ding dudng ciia rong Siin vk rong Guot<br /> Hifu qui hap thu frung binh cic chat dinh dudng ciia rong Syn la 38.9mg/ ngay dem<br /> (45,3%) thip hon rong Gugt 46,7mg/ngay den (54,1%) (hinh 3a).<br /> <br /> 60<br /> <br /> 50<br /> <br /> 40<br /> • Rong Syn<br /> 30<br /> B Rong Gupt<br /> 20<br /> <br /> 10<br /> <br /> 0<br /> Thang 8 Thang 10 Thang 12 Trung binh<br /> <br /> Hinh 3a. Hieu qua h i p thu cac chit dinh du'd'ng trung binh cua hai loai rong<br /> <br /> <br /> TV. KET LUAN<br /> 1. Kha nang hap thu trung binh cua rong Syn vdi timg chat dinh dudng sau 24 gid la: NO3":<br /> 28,2%; NO2": 40,9%; NH4^; 57,2% va P04^": 47,7%. Tuong ty, vdi rong Gugt la: NO3": 39,2%;<br /> NO2": 43,9%; NH4^ 48,8% vi P04^': 54,3%.<br /> 2. Gii frj hap thu trung binh frong ci ba dgt thi nghifm dao dgng frong khoing 33,7mg/<br /> ngiy dem CNO3" -N) den 53mg/ ngiy dem (NH4'" -N) va trung binh dat 44,4mg/ ngiy dem.<br /> 3. T6ng gii frj hip thy (sau 24 gid) eiia ca hai loii dao dgng frong khoing 40,4mg (thing<br /> 12) den 44,9mg (thing 10) va trung binh dat 42,7mg.<br /> 4. Gii frj hap thu trung binh cic chit dinh dudng cua rong Syn la 43,5mg/ ngiy dem<br /> (48,2%) thip hon rong Gugt 46,5mg/ngiy den (51,8%).<br /> <br /> V. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> 1. Bg Khoa hge Cdng nghf va M6i trudng, 1995. Cic tieu chuin Nhi nude Vift Nam vl Mdi<br /> trudng. Tap I: Chit lugng nude. Nxb Khoa hgc va Ky thuat. Ha Ngi.<br /> 2. Pham Van Huyen, 2004. Ket qui nghien cuu sir dyng rong syn dl xii ly d nhiem uru dudng<br /> frong ao nu6i t6m. Bdo cao tai Dien dan KHCN - SUMA, Bp Thuy san.<br /> 3. Pham Van Lugng, Dio Viet Tic, Dam Dure Tiln, 2007. Khi nang lim sach nude biln cua<br /> rong Syn (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty). Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Cdng nghf M6i trudng<br /> lin thii nhat. Dai hgc Hing hai Vift Nam.<br /> 4. Phan Trung Quy, Ngd Kim Djnh, 2007. C6ng nghf xir ly nude d nhiem do nu6i fr6ng thuy<br /> sin bang rong Syn (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty). Hgi nghj Khoa hgc Cong nghf<br /> M6i trudng Ian thii nhit. Dai hgc Hang hii Vift Nam.<br /> 5. Andrew D. Eaton, LenoseS. Clesceri, Arnold E. Greenberg, 1995. Standard Methos for the<br /> Examination of water and waste water. (19 th Edition). American Public Healtii<br /> Association, Washington DC.<br /> 6. APHA - AWWA - WPCF, 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and<br /> 506 Tuyln t|ip HQi nghj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH HQC BifeN VA P H A T TRifeN B £ N VCTNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Westewater, 19* ed, 1995. Washington.<br /> 7. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine Science, 1996. ASEAN Marine<br /> Environmental Management: Quality Criteria and Monitoring for Aquatic Life and Human<br /> Health Protection. Penang, Malaysia, June 24 - 28, 1996.<br /> 8. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine science, 1997. ASEAN Marine<br /> Invironmental Management (Quality Criteria and Monitoring for Aquatic Life and Human<br /> Helth Protection) EVS Invironment Consultants Ltd., North Vancouver and Department of<br /> Fisheries Malaysia, 1997.<br /> 9. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine Science (ACCPMS-II), 1998.<br /> Technical Session I: Environmental Criteria - Development and Application. Proceeding of<br /> the Fourth ASEAN - Canada Technical Conference on Marine Science, Langkawi,<br /> Malaysia, October 26 - 30, 1998: Toward Sustainable Development Integrated<br /> Management of the Marine Environment in ASEAN.<br /> 10. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine science, 1997. ASEAN Marine<br /> Invfronmental Management (Quality Criteria and Monitoring for Aquatic Life and Human<br /> Helth Protection) EVS Invironment Consultants Ltd., North Vancouver and Department of<br /> Fisheries Malaysia. , •"<br /> <br /> THE COMPARE ON THE EFFECT OF THE ABSORPTION NUTRITION<br /> ELEMENTS AT THE CONCENTRALED SEAFOOD AREAS OF of Kapaphycus<br /> alvarezii (Doty) Doty AND Cdulerpa racemosa (Forsk.) C. Ag. AT THE CAT BA<br /> ISLANDS<br /> Dam Due Tien, Pham Van Luong<br /> SUMMARY<br /> <br /> Kapaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty AND Caulerpa racemosa (Forsk.) C. Ag. are classified<br /> as the lower plan on marine water. It holds similar characteristics with other plant through the<br /> photosynthetic procedure to absorb the water, CO2 and nutrient and produce organic matters.<br /> Besides, Kapaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa racemosa species can absorbs nutrition elements,<br /> maintains the marine water environment become cleaner.<br /> The study on using some marine algae species in Cat Ba marine areas for absorption of the<br /> nitrition elements in marine water at the cultivation sites of the concenfrated mariculture areas<br /> that hope to contribute for improvement of the marine water environment approatching<br /> sustainable farming and enhancement of the local livelihoods.<br /> The results came out from experiment in 2007 showed that, the nutritional absorption<br /> efficiency of Kapaphycus alvarezii for each nutrition elements (after twenty fours hours) can be<br /> resumed as following: NO3 ": 28.2%; NOz': 40.9%; NEL,^: 57.2% and P04^': 47.7%. For<br /> Caulerpa racemosa: NO3": 39.2%; NOj': 43.9%; NH4^: 48.8 % and P04^": 54.3%. The average<br /> value of the absorption for total nutrition elements on three tests are changing from 33.7mg<br /> (NO3" -N) to 53.0mg (NH4"' -N) and average value is 44.4mg (after twenty fours hours). The<br /> total of the absorption efficiency for nutrition elements (after twenty fours hours) is changing<br /> 40.4mg (December) to 44.9mg (October) and average value is 42.7mg. The average absorption<br /> efficiency for nutrition elements after twenty fours hours of Kapaphycus alvarezii is 43.5mg<br /> (48.2%.), lower value than Caulerpa racemosa: 46.5mg (51.8%))<br />