Tài liệu về Grammar

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Nội dung Text: Tài liệu về Grammar

TENSES ( Caùcthì ) LESSON 1 : 1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTÑ) Ex : Water boils at o c. 100 Affir : S+V1 /Vs, es Neg: S+ do/ does + Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry. not+ V1 Ex : How oftendo you go to school? Inter: Do/ does+S +V 1 …? *(Be):am,is, arenot ; (have):has/havenot +got=do / does+not +have Dieãntaû:  Tình caûm,caûmgiaùc,nhaänthöùcôû hñoäng.  Thoùi quen, phong tuïc, taäp quaùn.  Chaân lí, söï thaät hieån nhieân. Vôùi : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then . . .. Notes : Qui taéc theâm es ñoái vôùi ñoängtöø coù S soáít : - Caùcñoängtöø taäncuønglaø : o, sh, ch, x, s, vaø z . - Caùcñoängtöø taäncuønglaø y maøñöùngtröôùc y laø moät phuï aâm ta ñoåi y  i + es ( Shestud Tom tries, He play . . .). ies, s 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD) S + am/is/ are + V ing Ex: We are studying English now. S + am/ is/ are + not Ex: She isn’t writing when he + Ving comes. Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving Ex: What are you doing while I am ? doing? Dieãn taû :  Hñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû Htaïi vaøo luùc noùi vieát.  2 hñoäng ñang keùo daøi // ôû Htaïi (while: trong khi).  1 hñoäng ñang keùo daøi ôû Htaïi thì coù 1 hñoäng ngaén ñoät ngoät xaûy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es) ! Vôùi : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW, ,… 3. PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT) ed S + has/ have + V Ex: I’ve just opened the door. 3 Ex: We have studied English for many years. S + has/ have + not + Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently. V3ed Has/ Have + S + V3ed? Ex: How long have you studied English?
Dieãn taû:  Hñoäng Qk ko roõ tg.  Hñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra.  Hñoäng baét ñaàu trong Qk, vaãn coøn tieáp tuïc ôû Htaïi & coù theå tieáp tuïc ôû Tlai. Vôùi: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + moác TG, FOR + khoaûng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD) S + has/ have + been . V ing + Ex: We have been studying English for many years. S + has/ have + not + been + Ving. Has/ Have + S + been + Ving? Dieãn taû: - Hñoäng baét ñaàu trong Qkhöù, tieáp tuïc ôû Htaïi & coù theå ( nhaán maïnh tính lieân tuïc) - since + moác TG ; for + khoaûng TG. 5. SIMPLE PAST (QKÑ) S+V Ex: I saw him yesterday. ed 2 S + did + not + Ex: She didn’t come last week. V1 Did + S + V1 ? Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago? *(Be) : was / were → wasn’t, weren’t Dieãn taû: - Hñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra & chaám döùt hoaøn toaøn trong Qk ( xaùc Vôùi: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…) 6. PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD) S +was/ were + Ving Ex: We werewatchingTV at 7 pmyesterday. S +was/ were + not + Ving Ex:I waswritingwhile my fatherwasreading. Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: Shewassleepingas thetelephonerang. Dieãntaû:  Hñoängxaûyra ôû 1 giôø / khoaûnggiôø Qk xaùcñònh ( at 7pm, from6 to 7, …)  2 hñoängdieãnra // ôû Qk. (while: trongkhi)  1 hñoäng Qk ñang keùo daøi thì 1 hñ ngaén ñngoät xaûy ra (S + V 2) ed Vôùi: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT… 7. PAST PERFECT (QKTD) S + had +3ed V Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework. S + had + not + V3ed Had + S + V3ed ? Dieãn taû: - Hñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc 1 moác TG ôû Qk hoaëc tröôùc 1 hñ Qk Vôùi : ( tröôùc: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2) 8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLÑ)
S + will / shall + V Ex: I’ll buy it 1 tomorrow. S + will / shall + not + V1 Will / Shall + S + V1? *Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t. Dieãn taû:  Hñ seõ xaûy ra trong tlai.  Lôøi yeâu caàu (Will you + V1…? ); Ñeà nghò ( Shall I / we + V1 …:?) Vôùi TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…) 9. FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT) ed S + will / shall + have 3+ . V Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow. taû: Dieãn  Hñoäng seõ hoaøn taát trong tlai. * Notes: 1) Near future: (Tlai gaàn) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : seõ, saép söûa, döï ñònh… Ex: I’m goingto buy it tomorrow. 2)Moät soá ñoäng töø sau ñaây thöôøng khoâng duøng vôùi thì tieáp dieãn Be : Ex: I ama studentnow.  Nhöõngñoängtöø chæveàgiaùc quan: see,hear,feel, look (troângcoù veû), smell, taste,recognize.  Nhöõngñoängtöø chæveàcaûm xuùc: like, dislike love, hate,wantwish, desire,refuse,forgive.  Nhöõng ñoäng töø chæ veà lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember,  forget, mind,expect,recollect. Nhöõngñoängtöø chæsöï baét ñaàu, tieáp tuïc, keát thuùc: begin, continue,finish…  PREPOSITIONS ( Giôùi töø) LESSON 2: A. COMMON PREPOSITION: I. Prep. Of Place: 1. IN: ôû trong( 1 nôi/ vuøng/khu vöïc/ quoácgia/ thaønhphoá/…) Ex: in theroom/Asia/ Britain/ London/… in bed/newspaper/magazines/theworld/… 2. ON: ôû treân Ex: on thetable/theboard/thefloor/ … on TV/ theradio/ telephone/theway/ thestreet/horseback/ … 3. AT : ôû taïi (ñòañieåmnhoû). Ex: at thedesk/ thestation/theairport/72 PhamNgu Lao street…. at home/school/ work… 4. FROM : töø (nôi xuaátphaùt). Ex: Mr. Mac Donaldis from Scotland. 5. TO: ñeán(ñích) . Ex: Elizabethwentto thestore. 6. BETWEEN : ôû giöõa(2 ngöôøi / vaät). Ex: Mai is sittingbetween NamandNga. 7. AMONG: ôû giöõa, trongsoá Ex : The letteris somewhereamong thesepapers. II. Prep. Of Time 1. IN: 1977(1890,2008…)
the summer (winter…) April (May, August…) the morning (afternoon, evening…) time: kòp luùc an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour.
2. ON : holiday weekend Monday 15, October th October 151977 Monday morning Christmas day time : ñuùng luùc fire : ñang chaùy 3. AT: 7 o’clock night midnight noon (the)weekend Christmas theendof themoment 4. SINCE (+moácTG): keåtöø … Ex: He hasstudiedEnglish since1900. 5. FOR (+1 khoaûngTG) : ñöôïc… Ex: _________________ for 17 years 6. FROM: töø 7. TO : ñeán Ex: I lived in villagefrom 1977to 1992. III. Some Other Prep. : 1. By : baèng,bôûi. Ex: They canenrichthesoil by usingfertilizers. * by bus/ car/ train/ plane/… 2. On foot: ñi boä 3. For : cho , vì, ñeå(chæmuïc ñích) . Ex: Whatwould you like for breakfast? Ex: Somepeoplereadfor pleasure. 4. With : vôùi , baèng. Ex: He wentwith her. Ex: I canwritebetterwith my own pen. 5. About : veà. Ex: Whatdo you think about her? 6. Of : cuûa. Ex: The windowof theliving room. B. PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES: 1. Adj + TO : acceptable,accustomed,agreeable,contrary,harmful, important, kind, likely, lucky, open,pleasant,similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind of you.) 2. Adj + IN : interested,rich, successful 3. Adj + OF : afraid,ahead,aware,capable,confident,full, tired,sure,proud 4. Adj + FOR : available,difficult, late,perfect,useful, famous,responsible,sorry (S.O) 5. Adj + FROM : absent, different,safe,far 6. Adj + AT : clever,present,quick, skilful, good,bad,(angryat something/ with someone) 7. Adj + WITH : acquainted,crowed,friendly, popular,busy,bored,pleased,fed up 8. Adj + ABOUT : confused,sad,serious,worried,sorry (S.T)
C. VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION: 1. catchsightof : troângthaáy 11. makeroomfor : doïn choãcho 2. giveplaceto : nhöôøngchoãcho 12. makeuseof : söû duïng 3. giveway to : nhöôïngboä,traùnhñöôøng 13. payattentionto : chuùyù ñeán cho 14. puta stopto : laømdöønglaïi 4. keeppacewith : theokòp, saùnhböôùc 15. putanendto : chaámdöùt 5. losesightof : maáthuùt,khoângthaáy 16. setfire to : chaâmlöûa, ñoát 6. losetouchwith : maátlieânlaïc vôùi 17. takeaccountof : chuùyù ñeán 7. losetrackof : maátdaáuveátcuûa 18. takeadvantageof : lôïi duïng 8. makeallowancefor: chieáucoá ñaëcbieät 19. takecareof : chaêmsoùc 9. makefun of : cheánhaïo 20. takenoteof : chuùyù ñeán 10.makea fussover/ about 21. takenoticeof : chuùyù tôùi : cuoángquyùtveàvieäcgì D. GO + PREPOSITION: 7. down: giaûmgiaù ≠ up: taênggiaù 1. after: ñuoåi theo 2. ahead:ñöôïc tieánhaønh 8. on: tieáptuïc 3. along:tieántrieån 9. off: noå 4. away:ra ñi, rôøi khoûi nôi naøo 10. out: taét 5. back: trôûveà 11. over: xemxeùtkyõ 6. by: troâi qua(thôøi gian) E. CAÙC TRÖÔØNG HÔÏP KHAÙC 1. belongto : thuoäcveà 13. look up : tratöø ñieån 2. on thecontrary : ngöôïc laïi 14. look out : nhìn ra ngoaøi 3. on thewhole : noùi chung 15. look for : tìm kieám 4. beup to =dependon : tuyøthuoäcvaøo 16. laughat : cöôøi nhaïo 5. listento : laéngnghe 17. goodat : gioûi veàcaùi gì 6. suffer from : bò, chòu 18. goodfor : toátcho caùi gì 7. freefrom : giaûi phoùngkhoûi 19. prevent…from : ngaên… khoângcho 8. write…to : vieát… cho… 20. bein bed : naèmtreângiöôøng 9. wait for.. : chôø 21. regard… as : xemnhö 10. ask…for.. : hoûi xin 22. bedividedinto : ñöôïc chia thaønh 11. look at : nhìn 23. takepartin : thamgia vaøo 12. look after : chaêmsoùc
WORD FORM LESSON 3: ( Töø Loaïi ) A. PARTS OF SPEECH: I. Noun (n) 1) n +V : laømS cho V 2) V +n : laømO cho V 3) prep.+n : laømO cho prep. 4) be(laø) +n : laømC ( C : complement:boångöõ) 5) adj +n Ex: Peoplecanseenewfilm at thecinema. S O O He is a scientist . C * Notes: - a, an,the - this, that,these,those - some,any, many,… +n - my, your, Tom’s, … II. Adjective (adj.): 1) adj +n 2) adv +adj 3) be(thì, laø ), look coù veû), feel, become, taste(coù muøi), smell ( coù vò), get, grow,remain, stay, turn,seem, appear, sound, … + adj Ex: Thatyounggirl is very beautiful. III. Adverb (adv): 1) S +V i +adv Ex: They arrivedsafely . 2) S +V t +O +adv Ex: Shedid thehouseworkdisappointedly . 3) S +V aux +adv + V main Ex: He cansurely do it 4) adv +adj Ex: He is reasonablyright. 5) adv +adv Ex: Jack runsvery quickly. 6) S +V +adv Ex: We haveboughtit at thatstorerecently . ( or: adv +S +V +…. ) (or: Recentlywe haveboughtit at thatstore.) IV. Verb (v) : V ñöùngsauS. Caùchìnhthöùc ≠ cuûaV coønñöôïc duøngôû nhieàuvò trí khaùc. Participle: Presentparticiple( V ing) Pastparticiple( V 3ed) 1) Usedin Continuoustenses( V ing) 2) Used in Perfecttenses& Passivevoice(V3ed) 3) Usedas Adj:  Active meaning Ving ed V3  Passivemeaning Ex: a/ The matchexcitesthefans. The matchis exciting . The fansareexcited . b/ The childrenhaveseenaninterestingfilm. The childrenareinterestedin thefilm. B. FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V: : V +-tion, ation : conservation,preservation,prevention I. V + suffix  n -ment : development
-er : fertilizer -ing : poisoning,dirtying - age : drainage -0 : safeguard : II. n + suffix  adj - ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful - less : childless,odourless,speechless,restless,careless,harmless,treeless - ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily. n + - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike =adj - y : dusty,snowy, rainy, sandy,dirty, healthy. - ish : foolish, selfish, childish - al : magical, agricultural,industrial, natural. III. OUT + Vi  Vt (toát hôn, nhanh hôn, laâu hôn) : outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh IV. UNDER + n / V  n / V( thaáphôn, beândöôùi, keùmhôn) : undergrowth, undercharge ( quaùgiôùi haïn, vöôït, quaùnhieàu) V. OVER + n/ Adj /V  n/ Adj / V overcoat, overanxious, overact. C. WORD FORM CHARTS: 1. satisfy (v) satisfied(past.Part) 2. disappoint(v) satisfying(pres.part) disappointed(past.Part) satisfactory(adj) disappointing(pres.part) satisfactorily (adv) disappointedly(adv) satisfaction(n) disappointment(n) 3. tolerate(v) tolerated(past.Part) tolerant(adj) tolerable(adj) tolerably(adv) tolerance(n) 4. important (adj) importance(n) 5. difficult(adj) difficulty(n)
6. determine (v) determination (n) 12. attract(v) attracted(past. Part) 7. tend (v) attractive(adj) tendency(n) attractively(adv) attraction(n) 8. occupy (v) occupied (past. Part) 13. reason(v) occupation(n) reasonable(adj) occupational (adj) reasonably(adv) reason(n) 9. potential (adj) / (n) 14. absorb(v) 10. expect(v) absorbed(past. Part) expected (past. Part) absorbent(adj) / (n) expecting(pres. part) absorptive(adj) expectant(adj) absorption(n) expectantly(adv) expectation(n) 15. deafen(v) deaf(adj) / (n) 11. prefer(v) deafness(n) preferential(adj) preferentially(adv) 16. militarize(v) preference(n) militaristic(adj) military(adj) / (n) militarily(adv) militarism(n)
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME LESSON 4 : ( Meänh Ñeà Traïng Töø Chæ Thôøi Gian) I. PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: Ex: 1/ a. We alwaystakeour umbrellaswhen it rains. b. We aresingingas shecomes. 2/ a. I usually reada newspaperwhile I amwaitingfor thebus. b. I’m writingwhile theyaretalking. 3./ He goeshomeafter hehasfinishedhis work. 4/ a. Shehasplayedthepianosince shewasfive. b. I’ve felt muchbettersince I’ve beenhere. 5/ a. Shegreetsmeas soon as sheseesme. b. He continueshis journeyas soon as hehasfinishedhis meal. Main Clause Adverbial Clausesof Time (MñeàTraïngtöø chæTG) (Mñeàchính) WHEN = AS 1. S + V 1 / s / es S +V 1 / s / es WHENEVER S +AM / IS / ARE +V ing (ñang…) WHILE =AS 2. S+V 1 / s / es S +AM / IS / ARE +V ing (ñang…) S +AM / IS / ARE +V ing(ñang…) S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed AFTER 3. S+V 1 / s / es 4. S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed S +V 2ed→ ÑAÕ CHAÁM DÖÙT SINCE S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed→ Vaãncoøn AS SOON AS 5. S + V 1 / s / es S +V 1 / s / es UNTILL = TILL S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed→ Hoaøntaát II. PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: EX: 1/ a. I satnearthewindowwheneverI took a bus. b. It wasraininghardwhenI got there. 2/ a. I methimwhile I waswalkingdownthestreet. b. I waswritingwhile hewasreading. 3/ He smokedafterhehadfinishedhis meal. 4/ He hadfinishedhis mealbeforehesmoked. 5/ a. He left as soonas I told him. b. He left as soonas hehadfinishedhis work. Main Clause(Mñeàchính) Adverbial Clausesof Time(MñeàTraïngtöø chæTG) 1. S +V 2 S +V 2 WHEN = AS WHENEVER S + WAS / WERE + V ing (ñang…) 2. S + 2V WHILE =AS S +WAS / WERE +V ing (ñang…)
S + WAS / WERE + V ing (ñang…) S +HAD +V 3ED 3. S +V 2 AFTER 4. S + HAD + V3ED S +V 2 BY THE TIME BEFORE 5. S + V2 S +V 2 AS SOON AS S + HAD + V3ED →Hoaøn taát UNTILL = TILL II. FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: EX: 1/ a. We’ ll go whenwe want. b. I’m gointto wait until you havefinishedyour homework. 2/ We will havefinishedthework by thetimeyou getbacktomorrow. Main Clause(Mñeàchính) Adverbial Clausesof Time(MñeàTraïngtöø chæTG) WHEN =AS 1. S +WILL / SHALL +V 1 S +V 1 / s / es AS SOON AS OR: S + AM / IS / ARE GOING TO + S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed→Hoaøntaát UNTILL = TILL V1 2. S +WILL / SHALL +HAVE +V 3ed BY THE TIME S+V 1 / s / es BEFORE →Hoaøntaát Note: Khoângduøngthì Tlai trongMñeàTraïngtöø chæTG→ Duøngcaùcthì Htaïi thaytheá. MAKING & ANSWERING QUESTIONS LESSON 5 : ( Döïng & TraûLôøi CaâuHoûi) Types Questions Answers Yes, Spron. + Vpreceding Q. Yes - No Inter. form? No, S . + Vpreceding Q. + NOT pron Or Inter. form +oA B? Affir. form+A/B r Wh Wh +Inter. form? Affir. form Ex: 1. Uncle Ho / die / 1969? - Did Uncle Ho die in 1969?  Yes, hedid. 2. Faraday / writer or scientist? - Was Faradaya writer or a scientist?  He / Faradaywasa scientist. 3. When / Tom / go / school? - WhendoesTom oftengo to school?  He/Tomoftengoesto school in themorning. Notes: 1. When“Wh” is theSubjector Modifies theSubject → Affir. formis usedin theQ. Ex: a/ Who can swim?  Nam can swim. b/ How manystudentsareabsenttoday?  Two studentsareabsenttoday. 2. Tag Question: Ex: The weatheris nice, isn’t it ?  Yes, it is. 3. Commands:
V1…( Haõy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give… → They are/ It is … Ex: NamesomeEnglishscientists.  They / SomeE. scientistsareNewton,Faraday,… LESSON 6: ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE ( Chuû Ñoäng vaø Thuï Ñoäng Caùch) A: S +V+ O + V 3ed + P: S + BE by O (chia thì theo ñoäng töø cuûa caâu Active) (A : Active P : Passive) Ex: 1/ A: Tom eatsappleseveryday. P: Applesareeatenby Tom everyday. 2/ A: They sawhimin theshop. P: He wasseenin theshop( by them) ACTIVE PASSIVE Am/ is /are V 1 / Vs/es V 2ed Was / were Am/ is /are Am/ is /are +V3ed + being +ing V Was / were Was / were Has / have Has / have + been ed + V3 Had Had Will (would) Will (would) Shall (should) Shall (should) Can(could) Can(could) +V3ed May (might) May (might) Must + be Must + V1 Be goingto Be goingto Be ableto Be ableto Haveto Haveto Oughtto Oughtto Usedto Usedto Notes: 1/ A: S + V + OI + OD P: S + BE + V 3ed + OD + by + O ( S +BE +V 3ED + for/ to + O + by + O) OR: I
Ex: A: Lan gave Mary some books . OOD I P: Mary was given some books by Lan. (Some books were given to Mary by Lan.) OR: 2/ A: S + V + (THAT) + S + V …. + V3ed + TO + V1 P: S + BE IT + BE + V 3ed + by + O +(THAT) S +V OR: V : SAY KNOW THINK BELIEVE REPORT RUMOUR TELL CLAIM PROVE CONSIDER… Ex : A : They say that they has been ill. P : He is said to have been ill. (or : It is said that he has been ill.) *CLEFT SENTENCES: 1. S1 + VA (PRESENT) + that + S2 + VB (PRESENT)  IT + IS + V3 (A) + that + S2 + VB (PRESENT)  S2 + IS/ ARE + V3 (A) + TO + inf ( of V B) Ex: - People say that prevention is better than cure  It’s said that prevention is better than cure Prevention is said to be better than cure - People say that he is a good student  It’s said that he is a good student  He is said to be a good student 2. S1 + VA( PRESENT) + that + S2 + VB( PAST)  IT + IS + V3 (A) + that + S2 + VB (PAST)  S2 + IS/ ARE + V3 (A) + to have +V3 (B) Ex: - They say that three men were arrested after the murder  It’s said that three men were arrested after the murder  Three men are said to have been arrested after the murder 3. S1 + VA ( PAST) + that + S2 + VB ( PAST)  IT + WAS + V3 (A) + that + S2 + VB (PAST)  S2 + WAS/ WERE + V3 (A) + to have +V3 (B) Ex: -Everybody believed that he had died of AIDS  It’s was believed that he had died of AIDS  He was believed to have died of AIDS CONDITIONAL SENTENCES LESSON 7:
( Caâu Ñieàu Kieän) If Clause( MñeàIF) Main Clause( Mñeàchính) Types and Use (Loaïi vaø Caùch duøng) 1. FuturePossible will V 1 /s /es → ÑK coù theå xaûy IF +S + do /does+not+V 1 S + shall +V 1 ra ôû HT&TL can *BE: am,is ,are may 2. PresentUnreal: would V 2ed → ÑK khoâng theå IF S+ should + V1 +S+ did not + V 1 xaûyra ôû HT&TL could *BE: were might 3. PastUnreal: would → ÑK khoâng theå IF + S + had+ V 3ed +have+V 3ed S+ should xaûyra ôû QK. could might Ex: 1. If it is fine, we will go. 2. I’d fly everywhereif I werea bird. 3. If you hadmetthepresidentyesterday,whatwould you havedone?  Sentence Transformation: A/ UNLESS = IF … NOT If +Neg. form Unless+Affir. form = am/is/ arenot am/is/ are do /doesnot +V 1 V 1/s /es = UNLESS +S + V 2ed If + S + did not+V1 werenot were hadnot+V 3ed had + V3ed Ex: If you didn’t studyhard,you’d getbadmarks. = Unlessyou studiedhard,you’d getbadmarks. Note: Neáucaâuvôùi Mñeà IF Kñònh, Mñeà chínhôû theåPûñònh, ta coù theåchuyeånsang UNLESS = caùchñoåi Mñeà chínhthaønhtheåKñònh. Ex: If you arelazy, you can’t besuccessful = Unlessyou arelazy, you canbesuccessful.
B/ CAÙCH VIEÁT CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN TÖØ TÌNH HUOÁNG 1.Coù töø “OR” : vieát ñk loaïi 1 T. HUOÁNG CHO: 2. H.taïi : loaïi 2 3.Q. khöÙ : loaïi 3 4.Coù töø “SO”: vieát xuoâi S+V SO S +V  IF + S + V , S+ V 5.Coù töø “BECAUSE”: vieát ngöôïc S +V because S +V  IF + S + V , S+V 6. Phuû ñònh vieát khaúng ñònh & ngöôïc laïi Examples : 1. I amnot clever, so I won’t bea doctor. If I wereclever,I would bea doctor. 2. John wassick because heatemuchcake. If John hadn’teatenmuchcake,he’d not havebeensick. Tröôøng hôïp khaùc : 1. S+ can /will+ but S +must/haveto +V1 1V IF + S + V 1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V 1 ( Ñk 1) Ex: I’ll let you borrowthebook but you mustpromiseto returnit nextweek.  If you promiseto returnthebook nextweek,I’ll let you borrowit. 2. 1 V or S +will /can+V1  S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1 Ex: Work hard or you’ll fail theexam.  You’ll fail theexamunless you work hard. UNREAL WISHES LESSON 8:
( Öôùc Muoán Khoâng Theå Xaûy Ra) could + V 1 : Tình huoáng Htaïi / Tlai , traùi vôùi khaû naêng S + wish + (that) would / should + V1 : Tình huoáng Tlai + S + V 2 / were; didn’t+ V1 / weren’t : Tình huoáng Htaïi If only hadn’t + V 3 : Tình huoáng Qkhöù Ex: a) I wish I (can fly) could fly. b) We wish it (be) would be sunny soon. c) If only we (see) saw a UFO now. d) He wishes he (meet) had met her yesterday. Sentence Transformation:  S+ be sorry What a pity + ( that) S It is a pity a S + regret + Ving / S + S + do / does not like + Ving / to v1 S + + ( that ) + S + V wish   Note: TheâmS ( neáuthieáu) - Kñònh  Pñònh ( vaø ngöôïc laïi) - Htaïi Qkhöù; -  Qkhöù  Qkhöùhoaønthaønh - Ex: I’m sorry thatI didn’t come yesterday.  I wish ( that)I had come yesterday. Ex: Mr. Taylor doesn’t like living in a small house.  Mr. Taylor wishes didn’t live in a small house. he V3ed S + would like / would love + to V1 / to have + b.  S+ wish + ( that) S + V2 S / + had + V3ed Ex: I’d like to havemether.  I wish I had met her. GERUND AND INFINITIVE LESSON 9: ( Danh Ñoäng Töø & Ñoäng Töø Nguyeân Maãu) A. GERUND (Ving) : ñoùngvai troø V & N cuøngmoätluùc. Vai troø:
1. S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.) 2. O - Sauprep. (Ex: We areinterestedin studying English.) - SaumoätsoáV (Ex: I enjoy swimming.) 3. C (Ex: Conservationis thesafeguarding andthepreservationof natural resources.) Notes: The + V ing + of + n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.) B. GERUND OR INFINITIVE : I. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu ( To+V1) Theo qui luaätthoângthöôøng,ñoängtöø naøoñuùngsaumoätñoängtöø khaùcthì phaûi ôû daïng nguyeânmaãu (TO +V1) Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr. Duran. b) Mary askedJohn to help her. c) My brotherwantsto become a pharmacist. d) Every bodyis expectingherto come. II. Caùc ñoäng töø & cuïm töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving : 1. acknowledge 26. mind 2. admit 27. miss 3. appreciate 28. practise 4. avoid 29. prevent 5. celebrate 30. prohibit 6. consider 31. propose 7. delay=postpone 32. quit 8. deny 33. recall 9. detest 34. report 10. discontinue 35. resent 11. discuss 36. resist 12. dislike 37. risk 13. endure 38. suggest 14. enjoy 39. support 15. escape 40. tolerate 16. explain 41. understand 17. fancy=imagine 42. beaccustomedto =beusedto 18. feel like 43. bebusy 19. finish 44. beworth 20. forgive 45. can’t help 21. include 46. can’t stand 22. involve 47. getusedto =becomeaccustomedto 23. justify 48. look forwardto 24. keep(continue) 49. it’s no good 25. mention 50. it’s no use III. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving / To V1 nhöng khoâng doåi nghóa: 1. continue 5. begin 2. dread 6. hate 3. like 7. love 4. prefer 8. start Ex: Shestartedto learn English whenshewas5 yearsold. ↔ She started learning English when she was 5 years old. IV. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving / To V1 nhöng doåi nghóa:
To V1 1. FORGET, REGET, : seõ xaûy ra ( Tlai) + Ving REMEMBER : ñaõõ xaûy ra ( Qkhöù) Ex: a) Remember to sent John a present. Today is his birthday. b) I remember meeting you somewhere before but I’m sorry I forget your name. To V1 2. TRY + : coá gaéng laøm. Ving : thöû laøm. Ex: a) She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college. b) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 3. STOP + To V1 : döøng laïi ñeå laøm vieäc gì khaùc. V ing : döøng laïi khoâng laøm vieäc gì (ñang laøm) nöõa. Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough. 4. NEED + To V1 : caàn phaûi laøm ( yù chuû ñoäng). Ving : caàn phaûi ñöôïc laøm ( yù bò ñoäng). Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder. b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting. V. Moät soá tröôøng hôïp khaùc: 1. To V1 Ex: The police allow us to go there ADVISE ALLOW + PERMIT V Ex: The police allow going there. RECOMMEND ing
2. FEEL HEAR + Vo / Ving ( ñang) Ex: We saw David jog SEE jogging in the park. WATCH HELP 3. MAKE +O + V1 Ex: Please let me go. LET NOTICE BID 4. WOULD RATHER + V1 Ex: I’d rather drink tea than coffee. HAD BETTER ( not ) You’d better not go out. CLAUSES & PHRASES LESSON10 : OF CAUSES & EFFECTS (Meänh Ñeà Vaø Cuïm Töø Chæ Nguyeân Nhaân Vaø Keát Quaû) 1. S + be / Vord + SO + adj / adv + THAT + ( quaù… ñeán Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it. He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test. S +V+ SUCH + (a/ an) + adj + n + THAT + 2. ( quaù… ñeán Ex: It is such hot tea that I can’t drink. He was such a bad driver that he couldn’t pass the driving test. 3. S + be / V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + ord ( quaù.. neân khoâng theå…) * Boû ‘for O’ khi O naøy = S hoaëc chæ chung chung. * Boû O cuûa ‘to V’ khi O naøy = S Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink. He drove too badly to pass the driving test. be +adj 4/ S + ________ + enough + (for +O) + To V1 ( + V ord + adv (ñuû… ñeå…) Ex: The tea is not warm enough for me to drink. He didn’t drive well enough to pass the driving test.
Sentence Transformation:  S(n) + be + SO + adj + THAT… a/ It /This /That ↔ + be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj + He/ She/ They Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it. ↔ It is such hot tea that I can’t drink it. S + Vord + SO + adv + THAT … b/ ↔ S + be + SUCH + (a/an) + adj + n + Ex: He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test. ↔ He was such a bad driver that __________________________. S + V + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V + (O ) c/ S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V1 * Boû ‘for O’ khi O naøy = S hoaëc chæ chung chung. * Boû O cuûa ‘To V’ khi O naøy = S Ex: a) The tea is so hot that I can’t drink. ↔ The tea is too hot for me to drink. b) He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test. ↔ He drove too badly to pass the driving test. …TOO + adj / adv … d/ ≠ ↔ … NOT + adj /adv + ENOUGH… Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink. ↔ The tea is not warm enough for me to drink. RELATIVE CLAUSES LESSON 11 : ( Meänh Ñeà Quan Heä) Relative Pronouns & Adverbs: Functions Subject Object Poss. Adv Antecedents Things Which Which Whose + n (of which) People Who Whom Whose +

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