Thiết bị phục hồi ắc quy chì axit

(' VJ<br /> <br /> <br /> THIET BI PHUC HOI AC QUY CHI AXIT<br /> TS. Chu Van Ve<br /> <br /> loai binh i c quy v i tinh trang phong nap Khdng cdn k h i nang sO dgng binh<br /> Cdc trung t d m di? l i e u (Data<br /> cOa binh. thodng;<br /> Center) ^utJc trong hi cdc logi dc quy<br /> Dung lopng l e quy tinh b i n g ampe Tuoi thp giam so vdi quy djnh cua<br /> chi axit Idm nguon dir phdng khi mdt giP [AH]. AH dope x i c djnh bang tich s i n h i s i n xuat.<br /> J e n lu'di. Do khdng Ju'o'c phdng ngp giOa dong diin v i thoi gian phdng; thay 3. Giai phap M\k phuc:<br /> doi theo: ddng dien phdng, nhiet dp c h i t<br /> theo ^ung quy trinh, thdm chi de trong Phan tich nguyin ly boat dpng xa,<br /> dien phan, ty trpng dung moi dien t h i<br /> nap t o dd x i c djnh t i c nhan chinh gay ra<br /> kho Idu khdng si/dung, chdt lu'gng cccu cuoi cung sau khi phdng. C i c bien doi<br /> giam dung lUpng, tim giii phip khic phgc<br /> cua thong s i moi binh i c - quy dope cho<br /> gidm rdt nhanh ddn den dung lu'g'ng<br /> tren c i c bilu d l sau: 3.1. Qua trinh xa: X i lam cho b i n<br /> gidm rdt mgnh. Bdi ndy trdn trgng gidi cpc i m [Pb chi nguyin chit] t i e dung vdi<br /> 1 1 ^ ll 1 1 1 1 1 T'.j .1. L_i__L_i__i_i_Lr •• 1 c i c Ion trong dung djch acid sulfuric giai<br /> thieu cdng nghe vd thiet hi phuc hdi dc "^ Ph6ng ~<br /> 4«( t h I M i h<br /> -' phdng cac d i n tO. C i c dien tO tich tg lin<br /> quy chi exit _ -- b i n cgc dgong[Pb02, oxit ehi ocid], qua<br /> -<br /> XJ •0<br /> <br /> .-<br /> lul<br /> *i' trinh giai phong diin t O t r i n b i n cgc i m ,<br /> 1. T6ng quan ve cau tao accu chi axit " Iv In n(<br /> . tich tg tren ban cpc dOOng diln ra thanh<br /> Tbtfifiiai (Mf 1<br /> d i n g . Tren b i n cOc dOOng xiy ra phan<br /> Hulli 1 E'Sc tinh Dien the vi Ty trong khi phing uft nap u^i<br /> (iing khong iio\ Ong t i c dgng oxit chi, ion Hidro v i goc<br /> sulfat giii phdng ra chi sulfat va nuoc.<br /> .,<br /> *•<br /> Mil ! 17 nift Qua trinh xa dope tdm tat bing c i c<br /> 1.9<br /> \ , MlJ 8c<br /> « p h i n Ong hda hoe sau diy:<br /> Vo^C quy \ 3<br /> <br /> ' \ B i n cgc i m : Pb -I- S0_^^- -> PBSG4 +<br /> 1.7<br /> 20-<br /> Negative Positive 1,6<br /> 3 1 5 e 7 6 9 10 11 12 B i n cpc doong: PbOg + 804^' + 4H"^<br /> <br /> Pb<br /> Mt^=Jri •PbO, TUiiuiliKI<br /> + 2^- -> PbSD4 + 2H20<br /> Hinh_2_ Bac tuyen phong dien t^ &ien tlie cuoi cung<br /> T i n g hop lai phoong trinh h o i hpc<br /> <br /> la SO' ^ khi xa:<br /> 2. Nguyen nhan va bi^u hien suy<br /> giam dung lUdng: Pb + PbOa + 2H2SO4 -> 2PbS04 +<br /> 2H2O<br /> Pb + S0„' -^ PbSO^ + 2e' 2 . 7 . Cac nguyen nhan sau day dien<br /> ra trong thai gian dai dan den dung 3.2. Qua trinh nap:<br /> PbOj + S0;+ 4H*+ 2e"-»- PbSO< + H^O<br /> lupng giim ac quy su' dung trong thai Doai t i c dpng cOa ddng dien, trong<br /> A Cell<br /> gian dai, de luu kho lau khong nap xa q u i trinh nap c i c phan Ong dien ra<br /> baa dudng. theo c h i i u ngOpc lai so vdi q u i trinh xa,<br /> H\nh 1. Cau tao binh accu chi axit va cac phan<br /> Nap xa khong dung quy djnh: xa khi l i m cho c i c t h i n h phan b i n trong ac<br /> img hoa hoc xay ra trong binh<br /> dien i p g i i m q u i t h i p so vdi cho phep, quy t r d lai trang t h i i ban d i u .<br /> nap khong dOng c h i dp dan d i n dung B i n cpc i m : PbS04 + 2H2O ->PbG2<br /> Ac quy chi acid gom: c i c b i n cfle<br /> lopng khong do. + 3042- + 4H* + 26-<br /> chi v i chi oxit n g i m trong dung m i l l i<br /> Nong dp dung djch biln doi hoac Ban cgc dgong: Pb + 804^ -> Pb +<br /> axit sunfuric hay Gel-axit sulfuric.<br /> thieu hut nghiim trgng, SO42-<br /> Ban cgc dgong l i cae t i m chi oxit,<br /> 2.2. NhOng bieu hien suy giam Tong hpp lai phpong trinh h o i hoc<br /> ban cgc i m l i cac t i m chi nguyen dung lupng: khi nap se l i :<br /> c h i t . Kich thudc v i so lopng ban cgc<br /> Ac quy khong the nap day; 2PbS04 -1- 2H2O -> Pb + Pb02 +<br /> k i t noi b i n t r o n g i c quy q u y l t djnh<br /> Q u i trinh phdng dien dien ra r i t 2H2SO4<br /> dung Igpng ac quy, nhanh; D l i vdi binh i c quy mdi, i c quy da<br /> Nong dp dung moi bieu trUng b i n g Cong s u i t cung cap t i i da giam sO dgng nhgng dung lUpng khdng bi suy<br /> ty trpng do dgpc, ty trpng tuy thupc v i o manh; giam. C i c phan Ong cua q u i trinh nap<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 29 • TAP CHI TIN HOC NGAN HANG • SO 2(118) - 3/2011<br />  Be mat ban cue k quy con tot<br /> 'S*?'<br /> Be mat ban cue bi sulfat tioa nang Bi mat ban cue dang phuc hdi Be mat ban cue sau lihi phuc hoi bang<br /> thiet bl cua Al Co,. Ltd<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> va xa deu-diln ra theo dung phan Ong dung lupng ac quy. khiin, do dien i p , d i n g d i i n , thdi gian<br /> hoa hpc. 3.3. Qua trinh kha sulfat chi: Nap - X i bing man hien thj LCD.<br /> Tuy nhiin, khi sO dgng thoi gian dai, - L i m tan ra c i c tinh t h i sulfat chi Cii dat eae e h i dp boat dpng b i n g<br /> cac phin Ong khi xa tao ra s i n pham la tho tren b l mat b i n cpc b i n phim.<br /> cac muli chi sulfat [PbS04], theo ly<br /> - Khoi phgc hoa tinh cua b i n cgc, Ghi nhan, lOu lai thong tin cua c i c<br /> thuylt 1 0 0 % muoi n i y se t r d v l trang<br /> dung mdi trong i c quy. chu trinh Nap - X i [thuin tien cho viec<br /> thii ban d i u l i chi [Pb], oxit chi [PbOg]<br /> theo ddi c h i t lopng binh i c quy].<br /> va Ion Sulfat [504^"] khi nap. - KhO sulfat ehi cd t h i sO dung k i t<br /> hpp giOa xO ly b i n g phOong p h i p hoa Thilt bi da dope thu nghiem va ung<br /> Do c h i dp xi-nap khong dOng, mpt<br /> hoc k i t hop cOng phOang p h i p vat ly dung rpng rai trong cdng trong h i thong<br /> phin muli chi sulfat [PbS04] khdng t h i<br /> [ t i c dpng b i n g dien]. i c quy cong nghiip, viln thong, d i n<br /> dao ngUpc trang t h i i , k i t tinh d i n d i n<br /> dung, ..,<br /> tren b i mat ban cpc, ngan b i n cgc t i c - Phoang p h i p h o i hoc: trung h o i<br /> c i c p h i n tO l i n g dpng dan d i i n x u i t Ngoii ra cdn dope sOdpng nhO t h i l t<br /> dung voi acid sulfuric. O i i u dd l i m cho<br /> phan Ong trong qua trinh nap - xa xiy ra hien do p h i n ra b i n cpc, bj nap CO dpng, nap x i bao dOSng ac<br /> <br /> khd khan, lau d i n ac quy m i t k h i nang quy, sU dung nhO t h i i t hi d i n h g i i dung<br /> - Phoong p h i p vat ly [nap d i i n ] la<br /> nap - xa. lopng cua cac loai binh ac quy 12\l.<br /> tao ra e i e xung diin d i e b i i t t i c dpng<br /> Bleu hien: len b l mat ban eOc, p h i va c i c tinh t h i Tinh nang ky thuat so' bp:<br /> sulfat chi t r i n b i mat ban cOc, t i n g Oien i p nguin: 150V - 250V, 50Hz<br /> - Dung lopng suy giam tham chi chi<br /> cOOng phan Ong h o i hoc khoi pbpc h o i<br /> con 10% so vdi danh dinh. So dgng Nap - Xa phgc h i i dung<br /> tinh cua c i c thinh phin b i n trong i c quy.<br /> - Mat dp diin t h i p ban binh thodng lupng cho ac quy 12V, dung lUpng 1 0 -<br /> - O i l vdi loai i c quy do node: cd t h i 200Ah.<br /> sau khi da nap diy du. Oien i p cung t h i p<br /> i p dgng phgang p h i p h o i hpc.<br /> han so voi binh thoong. G i m 4 bp Nap - Xa t g dong, doe l i p<br /> - O i i voi loai i c quy chi kin khi: phai vol nhau.<br /> - Oien i p khi nap tang q u i nhanh,<br /> sO dung phOOng phap v i t ly.<br /> dien ap dinh xung cao. Thilt k l gpn nhe, chuyen nghiep, l i m<br /> Gii gom 4 bp phgc hoi i c quy 12\/ viee an t o i n lien tuc, hiiu n i n g cao.<br /> - Oien i p sau khi nap cung g i i m<br /> nhanh. Md ta tong quat thilt bj: Cac c h i 6q hoat ^png cua thilt bi:<br /> - Khi t h o i t ra nhilu ban binh thodng Thiet bj dope t h i i t k i , c h i tao vdi C h i dp d i l u khien Nap - Xa n h i n<br /> khi nap. cong n g h i , tinh nang chuyin dung d i e cong [manual]: Che dp nap: Lpa chpn<br /> biet khoi phgc dung lUpng cho c i c loai phgang phap nap I n djnh ddng h o i c on<br /> - Oien tieu thu r i t nhanh va c i n phii<br /> binh ac quy chi acid. dinh d i i n i p nap cho i c quy; C h i do<br /> cung c i p them node [ i c quy nUdc].<br /> Kha nang khO sulfat chi d i e b i i t , xi: X i on djnh dong trong sudt q u i<br /> - X u i t h i i n n h i i u mang tinh the<br /> n g i n ngOa h i i n tOpng sulfat ban cpc trinh xa i c quy.<br /> sulfat chi tho va eOng t r e n ban cpc,<br /> lam tang t r o khang t r i n 2 ban cOc, i c quy. C h i dp Nap - Xa t g dpng: t g d i n g<br /> giam kha nang tiep xuc cua ban cOe Oiiu khien bang vi xO ly thong minh t h i i t l i p chu trinh Nap - Xa phuc hoi<br /> vdi dung djcb axit sulfuric. O i y la cd kha n i n g c i i d i t c h i dp phgc hdi khic dung lopng i c quy tuy theo loai i c quy<br /> nguyen n h i n chinh, trOc t i l p g i y ra nhau Ong voi moi loai i c quy. va dung lupng mong muon dat dupe<br /> suy giam v i dung lUpng i c quy. To dpng xay dgng chu trinh phuc hoi sau khi phuc h l i ,<br /> <br /> Giai phap khic phuc: Loai bd cac tdi Uu, giup g i i m thoi gian cua quy trinh C h i dp nap t g dpng dOng nap khi<br /> mang tinh t h i sulfat chi tren cac ban cOc phuc hdi, khoi phgc t i i da dung lUpng cua m i t diin, tp dpng nap Ipi khi co dipn, C h i<br /> nham tang hipu qua npp - xa, phgc hdi binh ac quy. H i i n thj cac c h i dp d i l u dp xa khong sO dgng dipn nguIn 220V.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TIN HOC NGAN HANG • SO 2(118) - 3/2011 • 30<br />