Tình hình xuất khẩu hàng công nghiệp nông thôn và một số giải pháp để mở rộng thị trường

THITRUQING<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Tinli hinh xuat khau hang cOug nghiep nong thon<br /> va mot so giai phap He mi rpng ihj trifling<br /> • Th.S NGUYEN QUOC CONG hien 6 mpt sd diem sau: dupc nhu cau ciia nhung ddn hang<br /> + San pham khong theo kip sU Idn, hoac khi cd ddn hang Idn lai gap<br /> phat then cua th; trudng. Mali ma san phai thie'u nguyen lieu, thie'u lao<br /> hj trUdng la nhan td quan dpng, dan de'n chat lupng hang hoa<br /> <br /> T<br /> pham cham cai tie'n, thie'u mat hang<br /> trong nhat quye't dmh su mdi, kieu dang san pham khdng theo khdng on dmh, hoac thdi gian giao<br /> hinh thanh va phat trien kjp tap quan va thdi quen tieu dung hang khdng dam bao dupc thdi gian<br /> cua mpt nganh nghe kinh doanh. Doi cua thi trudng XK, san pham khdng hpp dong.<br /> vdi cong nghiep nong thon (CNNT) dudoan dupc nhung bie'n doi khi hau Do anh hudng ciia cac mat ton tai<br /> viec phat trien thi trudng trong giai cua nuoc NK. San pham thie'u dong tren, da va dang lam anh hudng<br /> doan hien nay co vai tro het sue quan bp, tinh hoan thien san pham cdn nhieu de'n cdng tac XK va phat then<br /> trpng ddi vol sU phat then cua nganh. thap, cdng dung khdng ro net, dp an thj trudng ciia san pham CNNT, cung<br /> Tuy nhien, thj trUdng cCia san pham nhu han che nang luc canh tranh ciia<br /> toan chua dupc chu y, bao bi khong<br /> CNNT 6 Viet Nam tU trudc den nay san pham CNNT cua nudc ta.<br /> hap dan... dac biet la thie'u san pham<br /> con mang nang tinh dja phuong. Tinh<br /> dupc thie't ke kieu dang sang tao tu Mpt so'^ giai phap de md rong th|<br /> chat do xuat phat tu sU ton tai ctJa<br /> don v! true tie'p san xua't, chi phi gia tnJdng<br /> mpt thdi ky dai ctja quan he kinh te tu<br /> thanh san pham vafn cdn cao, lam Cupc khiing hoang kinh te toan<br /> cung tu cap. Giai doan qua dupc ho"<br /> giam di kha nang canh tranh cua cau da gay nhung bie'n dpng ve so<br /> trd nhieu tu cac chinh sach cCia Nha<br /> hang hoa. Nhung mat hang dupc san lupng, kim ngach, cd ca'u thj trUdng<br /> nudc, th| trudng dac biet thj trudng<br /> xuat mang dac tinh va tupng trung XK trong xu hudng XK chung ciia<br /> XK san pham CNNT da c6 nhieu phat<br /> CLia tiing dja phUdng cdn han che, Viet Nam. Khiing hoang kinh tetac<br /> then va da dong gop tich cue vao kim<br /> chua gay dupc an tupng manh cho dpng den tinh hinh trao ddi hang<br /> ngach XK cua ca nudc, dong thdi co<br /> ngudi tieu diing va cac nha phan hda giua cac qud'c gia tren the gidi.<br /> mpt vai tro quan trpng trong giai<br /> phd'i. Ben canh dd cac san pham cdn De md rpng thi trudng XK dUa san<br /> quye't mpt sd van de kinh te xa hpi tai<br /> chUa dap Ung dupc cac tieu chuan pham CNNT phat trien ben vOng<br /> nong thon. Trong giai doan 2005 -<br /> ngay cang khat khe khi tham gia vao hudng tdi muc tieu XK chiing ta can<br /> 2010, gia trj san xua't CNNT tang<br /> cac thj trudng tren the gidi. quan tam va can tang cudng nhOng<br /> trudng kha cao hdn 18%/nam, qua dd<br /> kim ngach XK cac san pham CNNT + Cac ddn v\ san xua't nhd nang bien phap sau:<br /> cung tang trudng kha. Nam 2010, kim luc ye'u, thudng thie'u thong tin, thie'u DN can chu dong han:<br /> ngach XK hang thu cong my nghe vd'n, kha nang tie'p thj va xtic tie'n - Hinh thanh nen cac lang nghe<br /> cija Viet Nam se dat miic 1,5 ti do la thUdng mai rat han che, kha nang tti hoac cum cdng nghiep chuyen<br /> My, tang 170% so vdi nam 2009. tim kiem, thUdng lupng vdi dd'i tac nganh, mdi cum hay lang nghe cd the<br /> Hien cac mat thu cong my nghe cCia nudc ngoai va phat trien thj trudng do 5 - 10 DN cpng tac thanh lap, ho"<br /> nudc ta cd mat tai 163 nudc, vung kem, hang hoa nhieu liic phai ban tro lan nhau trong hoat dpng san<br /> lanh tho va trd thanh nudc XK thu qua nhieu trung gian, lam cho gia ban xua't, kinh doanh nhu chia se cac hdp<br /> cong my nghe diing thu 3 the gidi, thap, san xua't thie'u hieu qua, khdng dong Idn hoac phan cdng phan khiic<br /> sau Trung Qudc va Indonesia. Ben cd kha nang dau tu md rpng nha san xua't. Tan dung va phat huy het<br /> canh cac mat hang da thanh cong xudng, mua sam trang bi va cai tie'n cdng nang co sd vat chat va nang<br /> trong cong tac XK, san pham CNNT may mdc thie't bi, han che viec phat suat ciia may mdc thie't bi tai cac don<br /> cdn nhieu han che lam giam hieu qua then va nang cao chat lupng lan sd vL Bd sung IsTn nhau va on dmh viec<br /> cdng tac XK cac mat hang nay, the lUdng san pham, khdng dap ting lam cho luc lUdng lao dpng, dam bao<br /> 3 6 1 THUUHG MAI So 18/2011<br />  THITRUQING<br /> <br /> thuc hien kjp thdi cac ddn hang Idn. budc phai cd hoa don tai chinh dd'i vdi nhu: Cang kho lanh, san dau gia va<br /> Cung thdng qua cum san xua't hoac cac nguyen lieu thupc phe lieu, thu dau tu vao nghien cuu va phat then;<br /> lang nghe de phd trUdng kha nang lieu, chat thai tii ndng san sau thu Xuc tie'n cong nghiep va phat then<br /> san xua't, nang tinh phong phii da hoach hoac che bie'n dupc thu mua DN vua va nhd.<br /> dang san pham thu hiit sU quan tam hoac thu gom tU ndng dan, de DN - Xiic tie'n du hch gan vdi tieu thu<br /> va long tin ciia ngudi mua hang. yen tam thu mua nguyen lieu tap san pham CNNT. 6 Viet Nam da cd<br /> trung san xua't tranh de DN so bi xua't nhieu lang nghe phat then tieu thu<br /> - Tang cudng viec kiem tra chat<br /> toan chi phi gia thanh nguyen lieu, san pham va hoat dpng quang ba<br /> luong san pham khi san xua't, de dam<br /> anh hudng ke't qua hoat dpng san cho du khach trong va ngoai nudc<br /> bao tinh dong nhat va dn dmh chat<br /> xua't, kinh doanh ciia DN. cho san pham cCia minh thdng qua<br /> luong san pham, ddng thdi khac phuc<br /> nhung san pham cd khuyet diem, de - Cd quy dmh cu the ve viec su cac hoat dpng du hch. Nhu lang nghe<br /> hoan thien san pham dam bao ve dung lao dpng nhan rdi khdng thudng gdm sii Bat Trang, lang da my nghe<br /> xuyen d ndng thdn, ddi vdi lao dpng My Son - Da Nang... De nhan rpng<br /> tinh tham my, tinh an toan khi sii<br /> trong cac to chUc san xua't CNNT, de va phat then md hinh nay can tang<br /> dung, xay dung lai niem tin ciia khach<br /> chi phi tien gia cdng dupc chap nhan cudng md rpng thj trudng va tuyen<br /> hang dd'i vdi san pham my nghe ciia<br /> la chi phi hdp ly. truyen quang ba cho eae chUPng<br /> minh. Tang cudng cdng tac thu thap<br /> thnh du lich ndng thdn dUdc xay dung<br /> thong tin bang nhieu hinh thUc de - Day manh hoat dpng tai trp cho<br /> tren eo sd bao dam quan he giOa khai<br /> dam bao nam bat nhOng nhu cau, tap cac giai sang tac mau ma kieu dang<br /> thac va phat then ben vung tai<br /> quan va phong tuc ciia tUng dia san pham CNNT tieu bieu, de khuye'n<br /> nguyen, ket hdp phat then du hch vdi<br /> phUdng, cung nhu cac chinh sach khich thie't ke sang tao, phat then cac<br /> phat then ndng thdn, ke't hop ye'u td<br /> quy dmh ve tieu chuan NK thie't ke mall ma san pham CNNT mdi, phu<br /> truyen thd'ng vdi ye'u t d i ^ n dai. Cac<br /> san xuat san pham thich hop de xuc hpp vdi nhu cau thi trUdng de khang<br /> DN lu hanh khi xay dUng cac chuong<br /> tie'n md rpng thj trUdng XK. dmh va tang cUdng kha nang canh<br /> trinh du Ijch ndng thdn, lang nghe<br /> tranh san pham CNNT Viet Nam tren<br /> Dot vdi Nha nUdc: can nghien cdu ky dae diem eCia cac<br /> thj trudng the gidi.<br /> - Can md rdng dd'i tupng, cung dia phUdng eo tai nguyen du hch va<br /> Cd chuong trinh hd'trp xuc tie'n cd mdi lien he chat che khac trong he<br /> nhu han che cac thii tuc de cac chinh<br /> thuong mai cho nganh TCMN thudng thdng du ijch la chinh quyen, cu dan<br /> sach Uu dai khuye'n khich phat then<br /> xuyen trong va ngoai nudc dac biet eae d|a phuong va khach du hch.<br /> cac lang nghe hoac cum cdng nghiep<br /> la cac DN nhd de md rpng thi truong<br /> da ban hanh dUdc thuc hien ngay - Thudng xuyen eung cap thdng<br /> XK true tie'p de'n nha phan phd'i, nang<br /> cang rpng rai hon, tao dieu kien phat tin du bao ve dieh bie'n thi trudng, gia<br /> cao hieu qua san xua't. Kinh nghiem<br /> then ha tang phuc vu san xua't ctia ca va cae thay ddi qui dmh ve tieu<br /> eiia Chinh phu Thai Lan, da xiic tie'n<br /> cac nganh nghe ndng thdn tren cd sd chuan hang hda NK vao cac nude, de<br /> dau tu, thu hiit manh cae nha dau tu<br /> tan dung nguyen lieu va nguon lao tranh nii ro cho DN hoac dmh hudng<br /> nudc ngoai vao lien doanh vdi cae<br /> dong tai chd", nang cao hieu qua hoat md rdng thj trudng.<br /> nha san xua't trong nude de phat<br /> dpng san xua't ciia DN. Ne'u chiing ta cd chinh sach<br /> trien nganh cdng nghiep che bie'n<br /> - Co chti truong tai tro cho vay uu thuc pham, thdng qua viec md ciia khuyen khich phii hpp, se giup DN<br /> dai cac du an phat then nganh nghe cho eae qud'c gia dii Idn hay nhd vao san xuat CNNT ed dieu kien dau tu<br /> nong thdn, tao dieu kien cho cac ddn dau tu kinh doanh. Ve tiep can thj phat then, tang cUdng kha nang san<br /> Vj md rpng va phat trien san xua't trudng XK, Chinh phii Thai Lan la xua't, tao ra cac san pham cd ma'u ma<br /> CNNT Cho vay tin chap vdi cac ddn ngudi dai dien thUdng lupng vdi heng, kieu dang dep, chat lUdng phii<br /> V! da CO hop dong XK, tao nguon vd'n Chinh phu cac nude de eae DN dat hdp, huu ich vdi gia ca hpp ly ed kha<br /> cho DN thu mua nguyen lieu thuc dUdc ldi the canh tranh trong XK thUc nang tiep nhan eae ddn hang Idn, md<br /> hien hop dong. Ve che dp thue ddi pham che bien. Ben canh dd, chinh rdng thi trUdng XK, thi viec thUc hien<br /> Vdi nguyen lieu dau vao ciia san xuat phLi Thai Lan cd chinh sach trd cap muc tieu nang eao kim ngach XK ddi<br /> CNNT can chii y de'n tinh dac thii ctia ban dau cho cac nha may che bie'n vdi eae san pham CNNT khac la<br /> tiing loai nguyen lieu, de khdng bat va dau tu true tiep vao eo sd ha tang hoan toan cd the thuc hien dupc. •<br /> <br /> THUUHG MAI So 18/2011 1 3 7<br />