Từ láy như những tương đương của động từ phóng chiếu trong dịch thuật Anh-Việt

s i 9 (239)-2015<br /> <br /> NGdN N G f & Bin S 6 N G<br /> <br /> 59<br /> <br /> T(r LAY NHlT NHITNG TlTOfNG DlTOfNG CUA DQNG<br /> Tf PH6NG CHIEU TRONG DJCH THU^T ANH - Vlf T<br /> REDUPUCATTVES AS THE EQUIVALENTS OF PROJECTING VERBS<br /> IN ENGLISH - VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION<br /> NGUYEN THJ XUAN T H C Y<br /> <br /> (ThS; TnriUg Bt/i hpc Quy Nhon)<br /> Abstract: liie study is abouttiieequivalent whidi is not of one-to-one lelations^p between tiie<br /> projecting verbs of verbal processes in English and those in Vietnamamese in the Ught of<br /> Functional Grammar. The reduplication mentioned in this article presents the distinctions in<br /> the aspect of language, helping to make the translation &om English to Vietnamese, and vice<br /> versa gain the accuracy and flexibility.<br /> Key words; projection; reduplication.<br /> cia cic tic gii Hoing PhO, Cao Xuin H^o,<br /> l.D^tvlndl<br /> "Ngdn ngit cia loii ngudi cd sy tuong V.V..<br /> 3. Cic khii niem li thuyet<br /> ding rit CO bin, vi cich con ngudi nh^n<br /> 3.1.Phdng chieu vd d^ng tir phdng chiiu<br /> thftc thl gidi, vi dd li cich hp tu duy vl cii<br /> Ngft phip chftc ning giii thich cic mli<br /> thl gidi ay, vl ca bin chi cd mOt, cho nOn<br /> nhiing dilu hp cin ndi vdi nhau, nhftng y quan hO gifta cic cu theo thinh phin logic<br /> nghia mi hp cin bilu d^t - tftc cii mit sd cia hO thing ngdn ngft dya trOn hai binh<br /> bilu cua ngdn ngft - dau dau cung chi li mpt. diOn: phy thupc Ian nhau (System of<br /> Nhung nhftng phuongtiOnmi mSi ngdn ngft interdependency) v i logic - ngft nghta<br /> dung dl diin d^t cii sd bieu ay cd thl rit (Logical-semantic relation). Binh diOn thft<br /> khic nhau ..." (Cao Xuin Hjo, 1998:8-9). hai, theo quan dilm cia Halliday (1994)<br /> Bii vilt niy dl c|p sy khic nhau tiii vj d gIm cd hai tilu loji: Sy binh trudng<br /> dOng tft phdng chilu trich nguydn cia qui (Expansion) vi Phdng chilu (Projection),<br /> trinh phit ngdn trong hai ngdn ngft Anh - trong dd phdng chieu giinh nhilu sy quan<br /> Viet tiOn quan dilm cia ngtt phip chftc tim die biOt cia cic nhi ngft phip chftc<br /> ning bdi 16 nd dupc xem la ndt khu biOt ciia<br /> ning.<br /> qui trinh phit ngdn (Verbal process) vi qua<br /> 2. Phinmg phip nghiln ciiu<br /> Phuong phip ddi chilu dupc sft dyng dl trinh tinh thin (Mental process).<br /> Phdng chilu li mli Hen hp logic- ngft<br /> tim ra nit tuong ding vi khic biOt trong hai<br /> ngdn ngO. Chftng tdi tiln hanh nghien cftu nghia trong hai ci, trong dd eft niy phdng<br /> dpng tft phdng chilu trich nguyin cua qui chilu eft cdn 1^ theo ngUa: hoJc li tudng<br /> trinh phit ngdn trong hO thong chuyin tic thuft lai mpt cich gian tilp (Reporting) hoic<br /> bing viOc khio sit d^ing liy d nhdm dOng tft trich nguyin (Quoting) ldi ndi hay y nghi<br /> niy trong tilng Anh vi tilng ViOt thdng qua cia mOt ai dd. Martin (1997, ti-.172) djnh<br /> cic bin djch. Dft lipu mi chiing tdi chpn li nghla: "Phdng chilu li mli liOn hp gifta mpt<br /> cic tniyOn ngin song ngft Anh - ViOt vi ViOt qui tiinh tinh than hay qui trinh phit ngdn<br /> - Anh. Vi v|y, hiu bet cic vi dy khio sit se mi nd trich ngyOn hay thdng bio 1^". Qui<br /> li nhftng cip ciu cia hai ngdn ngft. MOt sl tiinh tinh tiiin phdng chilu mOt 'j tudng'<br /> vi dy minh hpa khic dupc tiich tft ty diin hay mOt 'y nghi chua dupc ndi tiiinh ldi'<br /> <br /> 60<br /> <br /> NG6N NGff & Bin S6NG<br /> <br /> Sl9(239)-2015<br /> <br /> (unspoken thought), cdn qui trinh phit ngdn phli ngft im bing cich 1 ^ l^u mOt bO phli<br /> hay toin bO hlnh thftc ngft im ciia tilng<br /> phdng chilu mpt ldi ndi (locution). Vi dy:<br /> [1] Ddng thi Ihdo: - Mdy cd sg khdng glc".<br /> ...? Tao sg... (Ddng whispered: "Are you<br /> - CSn eft vio cich hda phli ngft im tiii<br /> afraid? lam...") [6,75].<br /> phuong thftc liy gom liy hoin toin ( M<br /> 3.2. Dgng tit trich nguyin cia qud trlnh redupUcation): oang oang, khdng khdng, v.v.<br /> phdtngdn<br /> vi liy bO ph$n (partial reduplication). Liy<br /> Bhih diOn ngft nghia cd thl phin biOt hai bO p h ^ chia lim hai lopi: liy phy im diu<br /> hinh thftc phdng chilu trich nguyen vi (Uu lo, thi thdm, xi xdo, thu thl) vi liy phin<br /> phdng chilu thdng bio lai nhd vao kilu quan vin (bip xip, idm bdm)<br /> he thft bic: dong ding hay phytiiudc.Trong<br /> - Cin eft vio s6 lin tic dpng cua phuong<br /> vi dy [1] nOu trOn, 'Ihi thdo'(whisper) dupc tiiftc tft liy cd till phin biOt: tft liy hai im<br /> gpi li d$ng tit phdng chiiu trich nguyin tilt (thl tiiio the thi, ndn nl), iky ba Im tilt<br /> (Quoting verb) cua qui trinh phit ngdn. (ding ding dung), liy bin Im tilt (tdn ngdn<br /> Halliday (1994: 229) cho ring dOng tft trich ldn ngdri)<br /> nguydn bao gom:<br /> 3.3.2. Tft liy trong tilng ViOt rit phong<br /> (1) Ndi (say), thanh vidn khii quit cia phft. Chung mang 1^1 sic thii bilu cim, sic<br /> nhdm.<br /> thii giim nhp ho$c sic thii nhln mpnh vi<br /> (2) Cic dpng tu die thft cho (a) nhin djnh<br /> xuit hiOi vdi tin sl cao hon tilng Anh, d$c<br /> vi (b) ciu hdi. Vi dy: (a) tell (tiio), remark<br /> biOt li 6 ddng tft phit ngdn. Vi dy:<br /> (nhin xit), observe (nhin xdt, quan sit),<br /> [2] Ldp tic tdi sd lin cdnh tay vg Idi vi<br /> point out (chi ra), report (bio cio),<br /> announce (thdng bio); (b) ask (hdi), demand hdi eione bdi rdi - Em sao vdy?<br /> [3] Tdi nga ngdc: - Hgnh ndo Id Hgnh<br /> (ydu cau), inquire (hdi), query (thic mic).<br /> (3) Cic dpng tft kit hpp 'S£Q>' (ndi) vdi ndo?<br /> [4] Thdi ding Idm bgl - Gigng vg tdi rit<br /> mOt thinh phin chu cinh, vi dy, reply (tik<br /> ldi/ dip = ndi trong khi phin ling), explain lin the thi.<br /> [5] Tdi nhdn nhd: - Em ditng ndi can<br /> (giii thich = ndi trong khi giii thich), protest<br /> (phan dli = ndi vdi sy dd dit), continue (tilp cho anh<br /> tyc = tilp tyc ndi), interrupt (ngit ldi = ndi<br /> [6] Vg tdi vdn khdne khdne: - Anh ditng<br /> theo lupt), warn (cinh bio = ndi: hau qui cd gid bg ngdy thai<br /> khdng mong muon).<br /> [7] Khdng biit lam sao, cudi cung toi<br /> (4) Cic ddng tft cd ndt nghia bilu niOm ddnh cudi gid Id: - Chiiu nay cdng chuyin<br /> khic nhau, vi dy, /resist (ndi mOt cich nhin bit ddu, khdng cdch gi rit ra md di ddn em<br /> manh), complain (ndi mOt cich bvic tftc), dugc.<br /> cry, shout (ndi to), boast (ndi mpt cich ty<br /> [8] Vg tdi cudi duvtn ddng: - Khdng!<br /> bio), murmur (ndi gipng thi thlm), stammer Anh cd ldi gi ddu!<br /> (ndi vdi gipng lung ting).<br /> [9] Ting qud, tdi bin ngdi xudng qudng<br /> 3.3. Tit Idy vi hi$n tugng Idy & d^ng qua vai vg tdi, gigng ndn nl: - Thdi cho anh<br /> ting phdng chiiu trich nguyin cia qud<br /> xin ldi nghen<br /> trinh phdt ngon<br /> [10] Vg tdi cii xudng dd tdi ddy, miing<br /> 3.3.1. Cd rat nhilu djnh nghla vl tft liy.<br /> Theo quan niOm cua D 5 Hftu Chiu (1999, ldp bdo: - Trdi ai, cd sao khdng anh?<br /> [11] Tdi chua kip vdn vdi nude mdy M<br /> ti-.27), tft liy li "tft dupc cau t?o flieo<br /> phuong thftc liy, dd li phucmg thftc hda thdng con tdi d ddu chgy do Idi, miing labM<br /> <br /> Sl9(239)-2015<br /> <br /> NG6N NGC & Bdi S6NG<br /> <br /> 61<br /> <br /> hdi: - Ba oi ba, me dit lay chdy mdu titm<br /> [18] C6 cho vdo miing cdn Cd xuitxoa<br /> lum&nhdkia<br /> ren rl: - Trdi ai, vdng thdt ddy rdi... (She put<br /> [12] Tdi cii xuong tren nhiing ngdn Urythem into her mouth and bit them "Good<br /> cia vg tdi, hdp ldp hdi: - Ddu? Ddu? ChS heavens, it's real void." she sasaed) 16.631.<br /> [19] Cd Diiu hdn hin: - Vdo ddy... vdo<br /> ndo ddu? Chi anh bdng cho.<br /> [14] Toi ddne hdne: - Tudn tdi ca quan ddy ...Cdi thdng chd con gidu cd...("Come<br /> in here, come in here, you rich little puppy,"<br /> anh bdn vdi<br /> Miss Dieu panted) [6,64].<br /> [15] Tdig^^: - Trdi, cdu ndi chill!<br /> [16] TTi^g em vine vine: - Ba nhdc hodi [20] "What's the matter, Rache?" I<br /> beeeed her, catching her wrists and shaking<br /> con khdng chiu ddu.<br /> [17] Bdy gid Ihi la di chcri thd sic, chdng her. "Rache, what's the matter?" (Em Idm<br /> ai vdn veo: "Anh di ddu? Bao gid vi?" [5, sao thi, Rache? - Tdi UAikhodn hoi, nim<br /> idy hai cd tay ndng vd Idc mgnh - Rtiche, em<br /> 92].<br /> Nhu viy, chiing ta cd thl thiy chi trong Idm saa thi?) [ii, 93].<br /> [21] Corald eroaned: "You know not<br /> mOt truyOn ngin thdi, cd thltaichdupc gin<br /> 20 ehl liy trong nhdm dOng tft phdng chilu what you say! It Is forever and ever<br /> phit ngdn vi cin ngdn. COng tft chuSi vi dy impossible!"(Corald idm bdm:"Cht khdng<br /> trin cd thl nh|n ra ring hlOn tupng liy hiu biit chi ttdi gl cd! Mdi mdi vd mdi mdi,<br /> nhu nim trong nhdm dOng tft phdng chilu chigiindy khdng thi dugc") [9,36].<br /> [22] Chi Phio Urn dim mdt, rin rl:- Tao<br /> trich nguydn. Nhiing trudng hpp liy d dOng<br /> tit phdng chilu d tin so nhu v$y khd mi tim cM liiu chit vdi bd con mdy ddy th6l.( Chi<br /> Pheo,<br /> eyes half-closed, moaned: - May you<br /> thay trongtilngAnh.<br /> Kit qui cia viOc khio sit hem 500 ci tmdyour son kill nte!) [4,15].<br /> Khdng khd dl nh$n ra ring nhftng dOng<br /> phftc truyOntilngAnh cho thiy ring dOng tft<br /> phdng chilutarichnguydn cfta qui trlnh phit tft trich nguyOn trong tit ci vi dy trdn diy<br /> ngdn thudng xuit hiOn H ndi (say), bdo diu cd nghta lly tft ty diin. Vin dltiiuvj d<br /> (tell), hdi (ask), tif hdi (wonder), yeu cdu chi li mil mOt ddng tft tilng Anh diu cd<br /> (demand), enquire (feii), ...chilm din 89% chim nghta li tft liy trong tilng Vipt Vi dy<br /> vdi 445 liiL Dilu niy cd nghla li dOng hi nhu ddng tft gtisp cd nghta hdn hin, hd hdc,<br /> phdng chilu phit ngdn trong tilng Anh chft khdi khao, u&c ao,...diu li nhiing tft liy.<br /> ylu li dOng tft thuOc hai nhdm diu tidn: Sau diy li mOt sl minh hpa trich ra tft ty<br /> DOng tft khii quit say vi cic dOngtiidie thft diin.<br /> Gasp (v): hdn hin (thd), hd hdc (vi Mnh<br /> (tiieo HalUday). Tuy nhidn, viOc phin tich<br /> 500 cu phdng chilu trong nhftng tmyOn song nggc), khdi khao, udc ao (tif do)<br /> ngft mang 1^ kit qui ding Itm •$: hiOn tupng Pant M: khao khdt, thiet tha (mong<br /> liy th|t sy phong phft vi phi biln 6 dOng tft mudn), hdn hin (thd)<br /> Whisper(v): khe khi, thl thdm, thu thl, xi<br /> phdng chilu trich nguyOn trong tilng ViOt<br /> Nhftng cym dOngtiiniy cd nhftng ndt chung xdo,xixdm<br /> Beg (v): ndi nl, thiit tha khdn cdu<br /> vied thl dupc chia thinh 3 nhdm nhd.<br /> Grotm (v): mong mdi, ren rl ki li, idm<br /> 4. Cic nhim dOng tii dirprc djch thinh bdm<br /> Moan (v): than van, rin rl<br /> tit liy<br /> Tilng ViOt qui li phong phft vi sinh<br /> 4.1. Nhdm Ofng tit dufc dfch thinh lit<br /> dOng. Chua xit din ylu tl thft ph^ vin hpc,<br /> liylheot^tlin<br /> nOi<br /> sy da d^g thdi cung mang doi sy uyIn<br /> Hiy xem cic vi dy sau diy:<br /> <br /> NGdN N G f & Bin S 6 N G<br /> <br /> Si9(239)-2015<br /> <br /> chuyin linh ho^t trong ngdn ngft niy. ViOc<br /> [29] Cd cudi sdne sdc: - Ndi di... Bdy gid<br /> thong ke vi phin tich ciing mang lpi mOt may mudn cdi gl?("Now! I'll bargain. Ok?"<br /> phit hiOn ting whisper Ik dpng tft phit ngdn Miss Diiu lauehed) [6,64].<br /> xuat hiOn vdi tin sl cao nhit, ci trong truyOn<br /> [30] Rdi via xdc Chi Phio, cy via phdn<br /> Anh - Viet vi ViOt - Anh vdi tuong duong ndn: "Khd qud! Gid cd tdi d nhd tM ddu dm<br /> hit sftc da d^g khe khi, xi xdm, thi thdo, Ihindi. "(While helping Chi Pheo stand up, he<br /> thdm, thiu thdo vd thi thi. Dudi diy li chiim said: "What a pity! Ifl had bin at home thi<br /> vi dy vl ding tii phdng chilu niy.<br /> things would not have happened ") [4,25].<br /> [23] "Bill!" He whispered, once and<br /> [31] - Mdy sao the?<br /> Thu nga<br /> twice: "Bill!" (BillI - Anh goi khe khi. rdi ngdc.("Why are you doing that?" Thit<br /> Igi ggi ldn nOa, BUU) [11,11].<br /> screamed scared In horror) [6,17].<br /> Phuong phip djch niy vi cich djch d 4.1<br /> [24] And this is what the whisper said:<br /> "The lady Constance has given birth lo a dupc Peter Newmark (1984) gpi li djch giao<br /> child!"( Ngttdi ta xi xdm nhu sau: "Cdng tilp (communicative translation) vi djch ngit<br /> nttang Constance mdi sinh con!") [9,37]. nghta (semantic translatioti). Dilu dd cd<br /> [25] "Raise the shttde, please. 1 want to nghta li dft dupc djch theo phuong phip nio<br /> see." Johnsy said in a whisper. ( "Chi Idmvi theo chilu nio (tft Anh sang ViOt hay ti<br /> an ndng cdi mdnh len. Em mudn nhin", ViOt sang Anh) thl dOng tft phit ngdn Wig<br /> ViOt vin thudi^ xuyOn xuit hiOn d d^g %'<br /> Johnsv thi thdm ndt) [11,60].<br /> [26] - Clin ndy, mdy dd ldn rdi... Tao sdp Trong hai phuong tiiftc liy hoin toin vi liy<br /> chit rdi... - Ldo Hg tidu thdo bdo Cin. bO ph$n thl dOng tft phdng chilu dupc tim<br /> ("Curt, you've grown tq). I'm about to die."thiy xuit hiOn chft ylu dudi hlnh thiic liy bO<br /> phin, die biOt li liy phy Im diu. MOt chuli<br /> Old Ha whispered weakly) [6,58].<br /> [27] Tdi thiu thiu ngi vdng vdng ldi chi dOng tft phit ngdn liy phy im diu cd thl<br /> dang thu thl sv Uch cdc thdnh Irin thiin dupc hO thing trong suit qui trinh khio sit<br /> ddng: Ngdy xua ngdy xua d xi Jeruxalam cdli ndi nl, thiit tha, khdt khao, thu tM, thi<br /> mdt con ngudi( 1 dozed of to sleep, vaguely thdm, xi xdo, ra rd, tim Um, nggng ngiu, Uu<br /> aware of the story Tham whispered about lo, mta mat, ... Nhitng dOng tft cd liy vin<br /> the saints in paradise: "Once upon a time, nhu bip xip, idm bdm, li nhi hoic liy hoin<br /> in Jerusalem, there was a man ... ")[6,15]. toin nhu oang oang, khdng khdng, v.v.. xuit<br /> 4.2. Nhdm I0ng tit dupc djch thdnh tit hiOn vdi tin sl rit fli^, chi 5%.<br /> Idy theo vdn cdnh<br /> Tft liy tilng ViOt cd dO dii tli tiiilu li hai<br /> Ci trong truyOn song n ^ Anh - ViOt vi tilng, tli da li bin tilng vi cdn cd lofii ba<br /> ViOt - Anh, chftng tdi bit gip rit nhilu tilng. Tuy nhidn, lo^ Sta tidn li lo$i tiSu<br /> ttujmg hpp cd cich djch ddng tft phdng bilu nhit cho tft liy v i phucmg thftc liy cia<br /> chilu trich nguydn thinh tii liy dya vio vin tilng VIOL Liy 6 dOng tft phdng chilu cia<br /> cinh. Vi dy, trong [28], tii shout dupc djch qui trlnh phit ngdn cung khdng phii ti<br /> sang tilng ViOt li bvK tic, hay phan ndn l(u tiirdng hpp ngoji 10. Nhftng trudng hpp liy<br /> cd tuong duong li say (ndi)taxing[30], vi mi ching tdi tim dupc hiu hit li liy N<br /> ciroi sdng sdc chi cd thl li laugh (cudi) nhu tilng. Tft liy ba tilng dya trdn ca ehl liy<br /> trong [29]. Vidy:<br /> hoin toin, hay tft liy bin 1^ dviatirOnco chi<br /> [28] "No, it hasn't." my father shouted.liy bO phin nhu diing ding dung, llnh tinh<br /> "and I'm hungry. "("Khdn^ th&i ddu cd".lang tang, bSig nha bdng nhdng, ndi bdy nil<br /> Vuachabuctitc. "Tdi ddi Idm rdi") [8,68]. bg, bdng nhdng hdng nhdng ... rit hilm.<br /> <br /> Sl 9 (239)-2015<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGtr & Bin<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> 4.3. Nhdm d^ng tit dugc djch vdi tit Idy sob (khdc thftt tiift), snort (khyt khjt tiid),<br /> tinkle (kdu lanh canh), ..." (Halliday, 1994:<br /> li Ihinh phin bi nghta<br /> Nhu di dupc trinh biy, trong hai nhdm 229).<br /> diu, dpng tft li tft liy chilm mdt phin khdng<br /> 5.Kltlu|n<br /> nhd trong dOng tft phdng chilu phit ngdn.<br /> Khdng gilng nhu qui trlnh tinh thin<br /> Tuy nhiOn, cym dpng tft cd thinh nhln phy phdng chilu -j tudng thudmg d hlnh thftc<br /> thdng<br /> bio 1^, qui trlnh phit ngdn tfaiOn vl<br /> bl nghta li tii liy cung hit sftc pho biln khi<br /> gift vai trd niy. Cd thf bit gip nhieu tauimg phdng chilu trich nguydn. Nhdm dOng tft<br /> hpp nhu rdu rdu ki li, Ignh ling hdi, chua phdng chilu trich nguydn phi biln trong cic<br /> chdt dip Igi, cttdi thdn then, v.v. trong eft truyOn ngin ci tilng Anh vi tilng ViOt mang<br /> nhilu nit nghta bieu niOm. D$c biOt trong<br /> trich nguydn.<br /> tilng ViOt lo^ dpng tft phdng chilu niy cia<br /> [32] Tdi da lin khdc nic nd. Xung^ quanh<br /> qui trinh phit ngdn trong hO thing chuyin<br /> song nude nhda dl. Bd cv ldi do vdn done tic cing M ndn sinh dOng vdi hiOn tupng<br /> rdu rdu ki li: "Khdn ngn!... " (Tears welledliy kimtiieohinh ddng ndi. Tilng ViOt qui<br /> up in my eyes. The blurred waters of the thit phong phft vi uyIn chuyin trong<br /> river ran on The ferry woman continued inphuong thftc ciu t^o tft vi cich sft dyng tft<br /> a melancholy tone: "It is wretched ...") [6, theo tftng vin cinh.<br /> 16].<br /> [33] Cd Ldi cuoi thdn thin: "Chd phdi<br /> TAI L I ^ U THAM K H A O<br /> Tilng ViOt<br /> Mg mdi xinh nhdt"( Miss Lai laughed<br /> 1. Cao Xuin Hjo (2003), Tiing Viit: Mdy<br /> gently: "No, I'm not. Your mother Is the<br /> vdn di ngfi dm, ngU phdp, ngti nghla, Nxb Giio<br /> prettiest.') [6,40].<br /> [34] "Couldn't you draw In the other dye.<br /> 2. D3 Hftu Chiu (1999), Ti vyng ngd nghta<br /> room?" - asked Johnsv. coldlv.f Gidn-xi<br /> lanh line hdi: - Chi khdng thi vS d buSng tilng Viit, Nxb Giio dpc.<br /> 3. Hoing Phe (Chi biin) (1992), Tiir diin<br /> khdc dugc d?)[ii,93].<br /> tiing Viit, Trung tim Tft diin ngdn n^, Hi Ndi.<br /> [35] "/ wish you would tell it to someone 4. Nam Cao (2002), Ttuyin ngdn chgn Igc<br /> in the poolroom." replied Bryson sourly. (Chi Pheo and Ottier Stories), Nxb VSn hpc.<br /> ("Tdi mong anh si ki chuyin dy cho id dd<br /> 5. Ngiq^ Nhit Anh (2003), Chuyin cd Uch<br /> trong phdng bi-da nghe". Bryson chua chdtddnh cho ngudi ldn, Nxb Tli.<br /> dip lai) \ll.AOl<br /> 6. Nguyin Huy ThiOp (1999), Tudng vi huu<br /> Chi xuit hiOn li phin phytaxingnhdm vd nhdng Iruyin khdc (The General retires and<br /> dOng tft nhung tft liy mang lpi gii tr) vl tlnh other stories), Nxb VSn hpc.<br /> Tilng Anh<br /> tupng hlnh, tupng thanh cao: binh tinh ndi,<br /> 7. HalUday, MAJC (1994), An introduction<br /> hdng hdi phdt biiu, dn tdn trd ldi. Chftng tdi<br /> tofimctional<br /> grammar, London: Arnold.<br /> nh|nraiing nhftng dOng tft trich nguydn cfta<br /> 8. Leonard Spencer (1994), The throne of<br /> qui trlnh phit ngdn d dpng niy thudc nhdm<br /> culi theo cich chia cfta Halliday (trong 3.2). lave (Ti bd ngai vdng vi tinh yiu), London:<br /> Cha dd cfta Ngft phip chftc ning vilt: "MOt Arnold.<br /> 9. Mark Twain (2009), Short stories (TniyOn<br /> ph^m vi rOng ldn cic dOng tft khic nhau cd ngin Mark Twain), Nxb Tp Hi Chi Minh.<br /> thl dupc xip vio nhan dl culi ciing, cic<br /> 10. Martin, J.R, Mattiiensen, C.M.I.M and<br /> dOng tft khdng phii li dOng tft phit ngdn painter, C. (1997), Working with fimctional<br /> nhung, die biOt trong thl lopi vin trin thu^t, grammar, London; Arnold.<br /> dupc diing dl gpi thii dO, tlnh cim hoic eft<br /> 11. O.Heniy (2004), The most Interesting<br /> chi tlnh cim kim theo hinh dOng ndi, vi dvi. short stories in the world, Nxb Hii Phdng.<br /> <br />