Vacxin trong nuôi trồng thủy sản

KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br /> <br /> <br /> VACXIN TRONG NUOI TRONG THUY SAN<br /> <br /> Trong san xuat nong nghiep noi chung nudi, ldn, gia cam va nganh cdng nghiep<br /> thi viec sii dung vacxin trong chan nuoi nudi ca hdi dang chdng lai nhflng can<br /> gia sue, gia cam la mpt viec lam rat phd benh truyen nhiem nguy hiem.<br /> bien va thiidng xuyen. Tuy nhien vacxin Vacxin la gi?<br /> sii dung trong nudi trdng thuy san thi van<br /> Vacxin la nhflng che pham khac nhau<br /> cdn la dieu mdi me, khdng chi vdi nUdc taciia khang nguyen cd ngudn gdc tU nhflng<br /> ma cdn ca trpng khu vUc chau A. Xin dUdc sinh vat gay benh cu the ma khi dua trd<br /> chia se cung ban dpc mpt so' thdng tin velai cd the thi se giUp ca chdng lai sU tan<br /> van de nay cdng cua benh va khdng lam cho ca bi<br /> Moi trudng nudi ca co the la trong benh. Vacxin kich thich he thdng mien<br /> be, long be hoac ao, nude man hay nUdc dich va tang cudng sUc de khang benh tU<br /> ngpt deu cd the lam cho ca bi cang nhung lan nhiem benh do nhflng mam<br /> benh cu the gay ra. Vi vay tiem phdng<br /> thang ( stress) bdi nudi vdi mat dp cap,<br /> cho ca la mpt bien phap phdng ngUa bao<br /> sU giam pxy trpng nUdc, chat lupng nUdc ve cho ca chdng lai benh trong sud't qua<br /> khdng td't va mam benh treng nUdc cao. trinh nudi.<br /> Do do nhUng ngUdi nudi ca cung gidng<br /> Cach suf dung vacxin de phong ngvfa<br /> nhu nhUng ngudi chan nudi ddng vat<br /> benh cho ca<br /> khac can phai nhay cam hdn vdi nhUng<br /> Cd 3 phuong phap chinh de sii dung<br /> benh truyen nhiem d ca. Nhflng benh vacxin cho ca, do la: tiem cho ca, ngam ca<br /> truyen nhiem dd cd the la dc vi khuan, trong dung dich vacxin va chp ca an. Tuy<br /> virut, nam hay ky sinh trung. Phudng nhien treng mpi trudng hpp thi chi khi ca<br /> phap phdng ngUa, dieu tri va each quan khoe manh mdi nen tiem vi dd chi la mpt<br /> ly td't cd the phdng ngUa hoac giam bien phap dung de phdng ngUa chU khdng<br /> thieu tinh man cam ciia ca vdi benh phai la de chfla tri benh.<br /> dich. Mac du thudc khang sinh cd the - Tiem vacxin cho ca injection vaccinaticn):<br /> giup ca vUdt qua dUdc cac benh do nam Phudng phap nay dUdc chp la cao cap hdn<br /> gay ra, tuy nhien van de ve sUc khoe cac phUdng phap Ung dung vacxin khac. Tuy<br /> ngudi tieu dUng va van de an tcan thUc nhien theo kinh nghiem thi chi nen ap dung<br /> pham da han che viec sii dung khang vdi loai ca cd trpng ludng tU lOg trd len.<br /> sinh treng nudi trdng thuy san. Hdn the Dung tich tiem cho ca thudng khoang tU<br /> nfla cac benh do virut gay ra deu khdng 0.1- 0.2 ml va bao ve trong sud't chu ky san<br /> xuat cua loai ca nudi. Hon nfla phUdng<br /> cd thudc chfla tri dac hieu. Do do tiem<br /> phap nay ddi hdi nhieu thdi gian, nhan<br /> phdng vacxin la sU lUa chpn td't nhat de luc va dac biet la tay nghe cua ngudi<br /> chdng lai nhflng benh de vi khuan va tiem bdi vi mui tiem khi tiem ndng<br /> virut. Va dieu do da trd thanh cdng cu qua hoac sau qua se ddn den nhflng anh<br /> chinh trong sU thanh cdng trong chan hudng xau che ca va hieu qua cua vacxin<br /> <br /> <br /> 95<br /> KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br /> <br /> va phai ludn gid ca trong tinh trang tot. Hien nay tren the gidi da va dang sd dung<br /> tranh cang thang (stress). cac Ipai vacxin de* phdng ngUa benh vi khuan<br /> • Ngam ca trong vacxin (Immersion gay ra nhu vacxin phdng Streptoccpccsis,<br /> vaccination): Khi ca dUdc ngam trong nguyen nhan gay benh do vi khuan<br /> nude co chiia vacxin pha loang thi cac Streptococcus iniae va mpt sd' benh vi khuan<br /> khang nguyen co thd dUdc hut bam vao cd lien quan...Vacxin phdng ngda benh virut<br /> cd the ca nhd mang va da. Va nhdng nhU vacxin phdng benh de Herpesvirus b ca<br /> khang nguyen nay se bao ve cd the ca chep Koi. benh virut gay xuat huyet (VHS).<br /> khi ca tiep xiic vdi mam benh d giai benh tuy d ca hdi...<br /> doan sau. Vdi phUdng phap nay co the Trpng nganh cdng nghiep ca hdi ngay<br /> thuc hien bang each nhung chim ca nay. viec su dung vacxin da trd thanh thdi<br /> trong vacxin trong thdi gian ngan, quen va tat ca ca dupe nudi trpng Idng<br /> thudng la khoang 30 giay trong vacxin be deu dUdc tiem phdng. Nd da chUng<br /> cd ndng do cao hoac tam cho ca trong minh dupe dp la mpt cdng cu cd Idi<br /> thdi gian lgid hoac lau hdn trong vacxin mang lai hieu qua cao. Dd chinh la ly<br /> cd ndng dp cao hdn. dp chinh giai thich che sU thanh cdng<br /> • Cho ca an vacxin (oral vaccination): cua nganh cdng nghiep nay. Tuy nhien<br /> Vacxin dUdc trdn vao thdc an va cho ca d khu vUc chau A thi viec sd dung<br /> an va dUdc bao bpc bdi Idp vd. Vdi vacxin cho ca (tiem phdng cho ca) van<br /> phddng phap nay thi khang the dUdc dda con dupe biet rat ft dd'i vdi khdng chi<br /> vao he tieu hoa cua ca. PhUdng phap nay nhdng ngudi ndng dan ma ca nhdng<br /> dude coi la phudng phap de nha't vi viec ngudi chuyen mdn lam viec trong linh<br /> cho ca an la mpt trpng nhdng cdng viec vUc nay.<br /> thudng xuyen lam trong sud't quy trinh Nguyen Qudc Minh<br /> san xuat. (Tong hap tir Internet)<br /> <br /> <br /> Tin hoat dong Hoi thii y Viet Nam<br /> Nam 2010, thong qua du an "Sang kien ciim gia cam va dai dich" do USAID tai trd. Abt<br /> Associates quan ly. Hoi thii y VN da tham gia trien khai hdp phan thii y tai 5 tinh cua dU an:<br /> Kien Giang, Can Tho, Hung Yen, Ha Nam va Quang Tri... Ket qua dat dude:<br /> - Tang cUdng cung cap thdng tin (Tap chi va ban tin KHKT chan nudi thu y) cho mang ludi<br /> thu y dia phudng, cu the la cho 294 xa thupc 21 huyen cua 5 tinh.<br /> - To chdc 2 cuoc hoi thao cap quoc gia ve nang cao hoat dpng cua mang iudi cd sd.<br /> - Duy tri hoat dpng tap huan cho thii y cd sd: 3 ddt tap huan gom 36 budi cho 1430 lUdt<br /> ngUdi tham du\<br /> - To chUc 20 Idp tap huan cho do'i tUdng lam viec treng chuoi cung Ung gia cim (ngudi giet<br /> md. ban gia cim song, van chuyen gia cim, ngUdi lam trong cac 16 ap trUng va ngudi ban<br /> hang thdc an chin) vdi tdng so' 400 lUdt ngudi tham dU.<br /> - Cung co va phat trien cac Chi hpi thii y d dia phudng.<br /> PV<br /> <br /> <br /> Q0<br />