Vài nhận xét về diễn tố thứ ba của động từ ba diễn tố

So 5 (247)-20I6<br /> <br /> NGON NGU* & B(n S 6 N G<br /> <br /> 43<br /> <br /> VAI NHAN XET VE DIEN TO THUTBA<br /> CUA DQNG TU* BA DIEN TO<br /> SOME NOTES ON THE THIRD ACTANT OF A THREE - ACTANT VERBAN INVESTIGATION ON THE THIRD ACTANT OF A TRIVALENT VERB<br /> NGUYfiN THJ HirONG<br /> (ThS-NCS; D^i hpc Sir ph^m, DH Thdi Nguydn)<br /> NGUYEN VAN L O C<br /> (PGS.TS; Dai hpc Sir pham, DH Thai Nguydn)<br /> Abstract: Through an investigation of the characteristics of the third actant of a ttivalent<br /> verb, the article points out that besides some characteristics shared by all types of actants, the<br /> third actant also has its own traits such as lower linking ability with verbs, more diversified<br /> structures, indirect combination with verbs, limited possibility of modification, diversity in types<br /> of meanmg and interactive meaningrelationshipswith the second actant.<br /> Key words: actants; verbs; possibility of modifications; interactive meaning relationships.<br /> Khdng cW ban chl vl khd ndng xuat Wfn,<br /> 1. Dat van de<br /> Dfng tft ba diln tl la mft tilu logi gom han dien tl thft ba cdn cd nhftng d$c diemridngrit<br /> mudi nhdm md xdttiieomd Wnh cu phdp hay ddng chu ;y so vdi kilu diln tl thft nhit vd thu<br /> md hinh kit tri [2, 21-24], cd the quy vl ba hai.<br /> Bdi vilt ndy bude dau xem xdt cy thi nhftng<br /> nhdm chfnh:<br /> 1) Nhdm cd md hinh: Nj - V - N2 - pNs. ddc dilm ciia diln totiiftba trong ciutiiicvdi<br /> dfng<br /> tii ba diln to, (Tu lifu tiing Vift khdo sdt<br /> Nhdm ndy gIm mpt so nhdm nhd nhu dpng tft<br /> ban phdt, thu nhgn, kit ndi, so sdnh, ddi trong cdc tdc phdm vdn xudi Vift Nam).<br /> 2. v l khdi nifm diin td, diin tdtitdrba<br /> chieu,...<br /> Diin td (actant) la khdi nifm dupc<br /> 2) Nhdm cd md Wnh: Ni-Vi - N2.y2..Tidu<br /> bilu cho nhdm ndy la cdc dpng tft edu khiin L.Tesnidre, ngirdi khdi xudng li thuyet kit trj,<br /> (bdt, yiu cdu, de nghf, mdi, fdiuyin, sai. ru, sft dyng Idii mieu td kit tii ciia dfng tft [3,<br /> 117]. Trong cuIn Cdc yiu td eua cii pht^ cdu<br /> xin...)<br /> 3) Nhdm cd md hinh Ni - V - N2-vNi Ddy trite (dements de syntaxe structurale), vdi tu<br /> la nhdm cd dac dilm trung gian gifta nhdm 1) tudng ve ngft phdp phy thupc, L.Tesnidre eW<br /> vd nhdm 2). (N3tixmgnhdm ndy dupe din ndi thiia nhan mft kilu quan hf cu p h ^ Id quan hf<br /> bdi cdc bdn thyc tu, cy till la cdc dfng tft quan phytiiupc.61^ vilt: "Quan h$ cii ph^ xdc l^<br /> hf hay dfng tii ngft phip nhu Id, ldm, thdnh). giaa cdc tii mdi quan h$ phs thugef^ [33]Trong cdc kilu diln tl cda dfng tft, dien tl Theo L.Tesnidre, trong cdu, mli yiu tl chlnh<br /> r,tfiftnhit (dien tl chft thi), diln totiifthai (dip- ma d nd cd mft vdi yiu tl phy ldp thdnh cdi<br /> 5 tl dii till) la hai kilu diln tl rat phd biln (dien dng gpi Id ndt (noeut). Nftt dupc L.Tesmdre<br /> [ tltiiftnhit cd khd ndng xudt Wfn ben hiu nhu xdc dinh Id "tdphdp bao gdm tie chinh vd tdt<br /> , tit cd cdc dfng tft, diln totiifthai cd khd ndng ed cdctiitryeetiiphay gidntiipph^ithugc vdo<br /> i xuit Wen bdn tdt cd cdc dfng tu ngogi hudng la no" [3,25]. Nut cd dfng tft Id tiung tdm dupc<br /> tilu loai cd sl lupng rit ldn). Dien tl tiift ba, gpi la nUt dgng tii. Chdng hgn, cdu: Alfred<br /> 5 trdi Igi, cd phgm vi xuit Wfn tuong doi hgn chl frcqfpe Bernard (Alfred ddnh Beend) dupe can<br /> « (no cW cd kha ndng xuit Wfn ben dfng tft ba tgo bdi mft nut dpng tft trong dd dpng tii<br /> S dien tl) vdi cac nhdm nhu cWratren ddy.<br /> ifrcq>pe- ddnh) Id trung tdm (hgt nhdn) cda nut<br /> <br /> 44<br /> <br /> NG6N NGU" & Ddi S6NG<br /> <br /> So 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> va gift vai trd cW phoi sd luong vd dgc tinh hanh dpi^. KW so sdnh dien to chu thi (chd<br /> (ciu tao, ^ nglua) ciia cdc yen to phy (Alfred, ngft) vdi diln tl doi till fbl ngft), L.Tesnieie<br /> Bernard) dupc gpi Id cdc diin td (actants). Cacluu ^ ring chiing cW ^ i 1E^ nhau vl ngii<br /> diln to cd Wiftng d^ dilm chimg Id: a) Dlu nghia, cdn vl m$t cau tnic (cu ph^), giih<br /> phytiiufcvdo dfng tft: chiing bl sung, lam ro chung khdng cd sy dii ldp [63; 124]. Tdc gid<br /> nghia cho dpng tft vl m|t nao do. b) Dlu cd nhin mgnh rdng: "Trin th{cc ti, tu gdc dg cdu<br /> tfnh bdt bufc: sy xuit Wfn cda chiing do ngWa trite, khong phi^ thu0e vdo^ chd trudc chiing<br /> ciia dpng tft ddi hdi vd vifc lupc bd chftng se Id diin td (actant) thd nhdt hay thd hai, yiu ti<br /> kWin ngWa efta dfng tft khdng xdc dinh vd bf phiii thugc ludn ludn Id bd ng«"[3, 124].<br /> ngWa ciia cau khdng trpn vpn. c) Vd Wnh thftc, Xuit phdt tft cdch nhin nhgn do, L. Tesni^ d^<br /> chiing dlu dupc bieu Wfn bdng danh tu hay nghi kW sft dyng cdc thudt ngft truyln thing<br /> cdc yiu tl tuong duong (gIm dai tft, dfng td md khdng cd sy dieu chinh, can khing 0^<br /> nguydn dang vd mdnh dl phy md L.Tesmdre ring diin td chu thi (chu ngutin^yinthdn^<br /> gpi Idm$nh di dien td)[3,llT\.<br /> chinh Id bd ngft cdng nhu nhung bd nga IMc.<br /> Cac dien tl dupc L.Tesnidrc phan logi dya [3,124].<br /> Dien tltiiftba, vl ca bdn, tuang ung vdi bi<br /> vdo chdc ndng khdc nhau md chiingtiiycWfn<br /> xet trong mli quan hd vdi ddng tft. Theo tidu n^ gidn tilp trong ngft phdp hpc tn^rln tiiraig.<br /> cW nay, L.Tesnidre xdc djiih ba kieu dien to Ching hgn, trong cdu Alfred donne le livre h<br /> vdi chftc ndi^ khdc nhau ma ong gpi tdn theo Charles (Anphret dua cudn sdch cho Sack),<br /> thft ty: diin td thd nhdt, thu hai va thu ba (d$ diln tltiiftba Id Sac la.<br /> nhdt, d4 nhf, d? tam dien to). Vd nguyen tic, so Trong tiing Vift, diln tl thft ba, khi dupc<br /> thft ty ciia diln tl khdng bao gjd vupt qud so bilu Wfn bing danh tft, d dang ca ban, hdu nhu<br /> lupng diln tl phy tiiupc vao dpng tft. Chdng deu dupc din nii bdi quan hf tft. Diln tl M<br /> hgn, dfng tft khdng diln tl khdng thi eW phoi ba cd vj trf CO bdn Id sau dien to thft hai (bo<br /> diln tl, dfng td mft diln tl khdng thi cW phoi ngft tryc tilp).<br /> diln tl thft hai vd thft ba, dfng tii hai dien to<br /> Ciing ndm trong thdnh phdn ciu tftc oia<br /> khdng till cW phii diln tl thft ba. Nhu vdy, cdu dpng tii, bdn cgnh cdc diln to cdn cd cdc<br /> diln tl thft nhit cd thi gdp trong cdu gdm mpt, chu td (circonstant). Vl nghia, cdc chutobieu<br /> hm vd ba diln tl. Diln tl thft hai cd thd g$p thj hodn cdnh (thdi gian, vj trf, phuong<br /> tix)ng cdu cd hai vd ba diln tl, cdn diin td thd thftc,...) trong dd qud trinh dupc md rfng.<br /> ba ehi ed the gdp trong edu eo ba diin td [3, Chdng hgn trong cdu: Alfredfr}urvetoujom<br /> 123].<br /> son nez partout (Anphret d ^u eiing Ivdn<br /> Diln to thft nhit tft gdc dp ngft ngjiia, chfnh ngo^ edi mai cua minh), cd hai chu to ^<br /> Id dien to cW kd hdnh ddng va chfnh vi vay, toujours (ludn ludn) vk partout (d mgi noi).<br /> trong ngft phdp hpc truyentiidng,nd dupc gpi<br /> Khdi mfm dien tl theo each Wlutidnday<br /> Id chii thi (sujet). L. Tesmere dd nghi gjft lai ciia L. Tesmdre, mpt mdt, can dupc phdn biOt<br /> tiiuft ngft ndy. Trong cSxiAlfred^le (Amhret vdi khdi mfm tham td (tham thi) ngft ngHa<br /> ndi), Anphret Id diin td thd nhdt (diln to chd trong ciu tnic ngWa bilu Wfn cua cdu. Thyc te<br /> till).<br /> cho thiy trong mpt so tdi lifu i ^ ph^, vi?c<br /> Dien to thft hai vd ca ban, phft hpp vdi bo phdn bift cdc khdi mfm tren day thudng khdi^<br /> ngft dii till trong ngft phdp hpc truyln thong. dupc chd % thfm cW, cdn cd sy nhim lin ck<br /> L. Tesnidre de nghj gpi don gidn Id ddi tm. khdi nifm ndy. Cin tiiiy rdng di^_ to, theo<br /> Chdng ban, trong cdu AlfredfrappeBernard, cdch wlu ciia L. Tesmdre, Id thdnh td ciiph^<br /> (Anphret ddnh Biena), Becna vd mdt ciu tnic duge xdc dfnh theo nghia eu ph^ vd cfa&<br /> Id dien to thft hai, vl mdt ngWa cW ddi thi efta ndng cuphdp chu khdng phdi Id thdnh td n^<br /> <br /> S6 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG<br /> <br /> 45<br /> <br /> nghia (nghid biiu hiin) thudc edu trite nghid 3.1. vi mdc ^ gdn bd vdi ^ng tie<br /> biiu hi$n ciia cdu. Tlieo cdch Wlu ndy, dien tl Mfc dft Cling cd tinh bdt bufc nhung nhin<br /> tiift nhit hay diln tl chu till (sujet) d L. chung, so vdi thih bit bupe ciia i^ln tl thft nhat<br /> Tesmdretiiong^dng vdi chu nga truyin thdng vd thft hai, thih bit bupe cda dien tl thft ba cd d<br /> con cdc diin td thd hai, thu ba tieang Ong vdimftc dp thip ban. Dilu ndy mft phin till Wfn<br /> cdc kiiu bd ngQtii^enthdng [3,121]. Chinh vi d vj tri md nd cWem giii so vdi dfng tii (tiong<br /> quan nifm diin td la thdnh td cd phdp (chft md hinh efta dfng tft ba diln tl, nd tiiudng<br /> khdng phdi Idtiidnhtl ngWa bilu Wfn) ndn L. diir^ xa dfng tu nhit) nhung chft yiu thi Wfn<br /> Tesnidre cho rdng trong cdu bi dpng: Bemwd d khd ndng lupc bd. Vifc khdo sdt eho thiy<br /> estfrappepar Alfred (Becna bf Alfred ddnh), trong nWdu trudng hpp, khd ndng luoc bd cua<br /> Bernard van la diln to thft nhit, tftc Id dien to diln td thft ba trong cdu tnic vdi ^ n g tft ba<br /> chft till (suj'ef) mfc dft vl nghia bieu Wfn hay<br /> dien to thudng ldn han kbd ndng lupc bd ciia<br /> ngWk sdu, nd cW dii the efta hdnh dfng<br /> dien ta thu nhit vd thft hai. Chdng hgn, thft so<br /> [3,124].<br /> sdnh cdc biln thi lupc dien to thft ba vd thft hai<br /> Sy phdn bift ra trdn ddy cd y nghia rit quan (cdc biln the d b), c)) efta nhiing cdu vdi hat<br /> ti^ng. Nd gjup ldm ro raiih gidi ^iia cdc khdi nhdn la dfng tii ba diai tl tiiufc cdc nhdm tieu<br /> nifm cft phap vd cdc khdi nifm ngft nghia, tgo bieu sau:<br /> ca sd li thuyet cin tiiilt cho vifc phdn tich,<br /> a. Cau vdi i^ng tft ban phat:<br /> midu td cdu theo bmh didn cft p h ^ va hlnh<br /> (la) Nam gui tine eho m^.<br /> difn ngft nghia (nghia bieu Wfn).<br /> (lb) Nam gdi thu 0; (le) Nam gui 0 cho<br /> Dien tl theo cdch Wlu trdn ddy, cung cin<br /> dupc phan bift vdi chu tl. Hai kilu thdnh tl cu<br /> b. Cdu vdi dfng tft kit ndi:<br /> phdp ndy khdc nhau d mft sl dgc diem xdt<br /> (2a) Ong ghep U vdi tdo.<br /> tix)i^ moi quan hf vdi dpng tft, trong dd, tidu (2b) dng ghep li 0; (2c) Ong ghep 0 vdi<br /> cW khu bift quan trpng nhit gjfia chung Id tinh tdo.<br /> bdt bugc (d dim tl) la tinh tu do (a chu tl). Xdt c Cau vdi ^ n g tu binh xdt:<br /> theo tidu cW ndy, cd the thay rang ranh gidi<br /> (3a) Chung tdi bdu anh dy ldm ldp trudng.<br /> giiia diln tl va chu td ttong nhilu trudng hpp,<br /> (3b) Chiing tdi bdu anh dy 0; (3e) Chung<br /> Id hoan todn ro rdng. Ti^ vay, trong mft so tdi bdu 0 ldm ldp tnedn^.<br /> trudng hpp, ranh gidi gifta hai logi thdnh td ndy<br /> d. Cdu vdi dfng td cdu kWin:<br /> eW cd tinh tucmg dii. Chdng hgn, thanh tl chi<br /> (4a) Tdi khuyin TrUi d Igi hang tdi md ehua<br /> vj tri bdn dpng tu ton tgi nhu eo, eon.. .(tix)ng b$nh. (Td Hodi)<br /> Trong nhd co khdch. Trong tiii cdn tiin) hofc (4b) Tdi khuyin Triii 0; (4c) Tdi Idn^n 0<br /> dfng tft dupe diing lam thdi vdi ngl& tdn tai d Igi hang toi md chaa b^nh<br /> nhu ddng, ndm, chay, song... (trong Ho ndm So sdnh cdc cdu a, b, c trdn day, cd thi thiy<br /> gida nhOng nggn niii cao. Anh dy song d Hdcdc cdu b, c cd sy hgn chl vetinhdfc \^ hon<br /> N0i.) thudng khdng ty do hodc khdng hoan so vdi cdc cdu a. Nlu so sdnhridngcdc cdu b<br /> todn tu do va vifc xep chdng vdo phgm trft diln vdi cdc cdu c, cd thi thiy cdc cdu c lai cd sy<br /> tl hay chu to it nWdu cd quy udc. (C^ thi vl hgn chl vl tinh dpc lap ban. Nhu vfy, miic df<br /> vin dl ndy, xem [1,77]).<br /> phy thupc efta eac cdu c vdo ngft cdnh Id ldn<br /> nhat.<br /> 3. Mft sl ddc diem ciia diln tl thur ba<br /> Ld diln tl, duong nWen, diln tl tiift ba cd<br /> 3.2, vi cdu tgo<br /> cdc ddc dilm chung cua diln tl nhu dd cW ra<br /> Nhin chung, diln tl thft ba cd sy da dgng vd<br /> trdn ddy. Tuy nWdn, nd khdc vdi dien td thft ciu tgo han so vdi dien tl thft nhit vdtiifthai.<br /> nhit vdtiifthai d nhung dfc &km sau:<br /> d ciu tiiic vdi dfng tii ba diln tl, dien tl thu<br /> <br /> 46<br /> <br /> NGON NGtr & D 6 I S 6 N G<br /> <br /> S6 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> nhit vd thft hai, d Wnh thiic £dn hinh, hau nhu<br /> (13b) Sao bd dy ggi m? bdns mgr? (Khii<br /> dlu cd dgng cau tao la danh tft (cym danh tu, Hung)<br /> dgi tft); diln tl tiiu ba, trdi Igi, cd thd cd din ba<br /> (13c) V^y thi ggi nhau bdnggi dugel (Nam<br /> dang ciu tao: danh tu, dgng td, d^g tnmg Cao)<br /> gian giua danh tu vd dgng ta (dang dupc bilu Thyc te viia cW ra dio thiy diing nhu<br /> Wfn bdng cdc dfng tii bdntiiyctft hajf dpng tft L-Tesnidre dd nhgn xdt, vl Wnhtiiifcbilu hifn,<br /> quan hf nhu Id, ldm + danh td). C^y till:<br /> cdc diln tl dlu cd tfnh danh tft hay bdn fdk.<br /> danh tft bit chip cdch bieu Wfn cy thi cda<br /> a. Dang danh tft, cum danh tii:<br /> (5) M? Igi giao toi cho bd tdi. (NgiQ^dn mmh [3,436-440].<br /> Hlng)<br /> 3.3. Vephuffng thdc kit hgp<br /> (6) Tdi mugn cOa bd con Xeo Dude mgt<br /> Khdc vdi dien to thu: hai (trong ciu tnic vdi<br /> chiic xudng. (Anh Diic)<br /> dfng tft ba diln tl) hiu nhu ludn kit hpp tryc<br /> tilp vdi dfng tft, diln tl thd ba, kW dupc bieu<br /> b. Dgng dfng tft, cym dfng tft:<br /> (7) Tdi nhd bd chf bdn hd chd thdc tdi gOiWfn bdng danh tft (dgi tft), d dang co bdn, hiu<br /> hdi trudc. (Nguyin Cdr^ Hoan)<br /> nhu ddu kit hpp gidn tiep vdi dfng tft thdng<br /> (8) Qudn Huy sai ngudi ddng chdt ede cda.qua mpt quan hf tft nhit dinh ho$c qua dfng<br /> (Ngd Gia Vdn Phai)<br /> td quan hf.<br /> c. Dgng trung gian.'<br /> Cdc quan hf tft din noi dien tl thft ba Id:<br /> (9). Sinh ggi dngldbde. (Nam Cao)<br /> - Quan hf tft cho, vf dy:<br /> (10) Bd con ta si bdu anh Keng ldm ddi<br /> (14) Anh trao trd dgc It^ elm Nigiiria cdch<br /> trudng. (Nguyin Kidn)<br /> ddy 30 ndm. (Thi gjdi mdi, sl 328)<br /> Mdc dft cd dgng d u tgo Id dfng tft (cym<br /> (15) Nhu nhudng m? cho th^g anh. (Nam<br /> dfng tft) vd dgng trui^ gjan nhu cW ra trdn day Cao)<br /> nhung cin tiiiy i ^ g cdc dang ndy cd ndt gin<br /> - C^ian hf tft cua, vf dy:<br /> giii nhit dinh vdi dgng danh tft. Bdng chung Id:<br /> (16) Cho ddng kiip, nd gidt ddi Idiuyen<br /> - Boi vdi diin td c6 dgng Id dgng ta: 1/Cdc vdng cOa ngudi ta. (Nguyin Cdng Hoan)<br /> dpng tft gift vaitix)dien to thft ba dlu Id dfng<br /> (IT) Gid dd tudt di cua ehiing bao nhieu la<br /> tft d dang pW thdi till (tuong duong vdi dfng Id. (Nam Cao)<br /> tft nguydn dgng ttong cdc ngdn ngft biln<br /> - (Juan hf tft VOT, vi dy:<br /> hinh) ma L.Tesmdre coi Id dang trung gian<br /> (18) Mdy anh chdngtinhquditi-ongldp hgc<br /> giiia dpng tft vd danh tft; 2/Trong nWlu gdn ghip chf vdi anh Keng. (Nguyin Kidn)<br /> tiiidng hpp, cdc dfng tft (cym dfng tft) Id<br /> (19) Doi khi ngudi ta ddnh ddng dm nhgc<br /> diln tl thft ba cd till dupc thay till bdng danh bdc hge vdi dm nhac phd thdng. (Tm gidi m(M,<br /> tir. So sdnh:<br /> so 328)<br /> (1 la) Tdi nhd bdc mans vdo cho chdng toi - (Juan hf vdi tft ra (vdo, lin. xudng), Vi dy<br /> thdc dn vd cdc trdi edv. (Tran Dinh Vdn)<br /> (20) Cd thu ki ddt tdp gidy lin bdn. (Chu<br /> (lib) Tdi nhd bdc viec do.<br /> Vdn)<br /> (12a) Tdi khuyin anh nghT lai.<br /> (21) Pa Tra Igi trdt cd bgc ygo trong trdp.<br /> (12b) Tdi khuyin anh diiu ndy.<br /> (TdHoai)<br /> - Boi vdi diin td cd dgng tnmg gian: Ndt<br /> Cdc dpng tft quan hf (dfng tft r ^ ph^)<br /> gan giii vdi danh tft thi hifn d chS trong mpt dupc dftng vdi tu cdch Id phuong tifn d^ noi<br /> s6 trudng hpp, cd till thay thd ^ n g tft quan d i ^ totiiftba Id, ldm, thdnh. Vi dy:<br /> hf bing quan hf tu. So sdhh:<br /> (22) Ngudi long ggi nd la mo. (Nam Cao)<br /> (13a) Cu cu ggi eon Id cd eung dtegc.<br /> (23) Hai ddng iry cu Thdt vd Ti^pIM.-2016<br /> <br /> NGON NGU* & Bin S 6 N G<br /> <br /> 47<br /> <br /> (24) ChOng ta si biin nhung nhiing ddm Idy<br /> (4d) d lm hang tdi md chOa b$nh, toi<br /> ndv thdnh nhung vua lua<br /> khttyin Triii (?)<br /> Trudng hpp diln to tiid ba kit hopti^ctiep<br /> b.Cdi biln bi dfng<br /> vdi dpng tii tuy ciing cd nhung rit Wim.<br /> (la) Ncmt gOi thu cho m^.<br /> Tnrdng hpp nay cW thay d nhiing ciu tnic vdi<br /> (le) Thu du^c Nam gui cho m?.<br /> hgt nhdn Id ^ n g tft cho vdi y nghTa ban phdt<br /> (lg) M? dugrc Nam gOi thu cho.<br /> hofc cau tnic vdi hat nhdn Id cdc dfng tft vdi ;^<br /> (2a) dng ghip li vdi tdo.<br /> ngWa phdn xft (xii; kit dn). Trongtiirdnghpp<br /> (2e) Le duge dng ghip vdi tdo.<br /> ndy, dien tltiiftba (cW kd nhfn) ludn cWim vi<br /> (2g) Tdo duge dng ghep li vdi. (?)<br /> tri trudc diln tl tiift hai (cW dii thi tdc dfng).<br /> (3a) Chdng tdi bdu anh ^ ldm ldp trudng.<br /> Vidy:<br /> (3e) Anh dy dirge ehiing tdi bdu ldm ldp<br /> (25) Cy ldn bd cho chi 5 ddng. (Ngo Tdt trudng.<br /> ll)<br /> (3g) Ldp trudng dugc ehiing tdi bdu anh dy<br /> (26) Tgo hod chohg nhiing qityin khdng ai ldm.(?)<br /> c6 thi xdm phgm diegc. (Hd CW Minh)<br /> (4a) Toi khttyin Triii d Igi hang toi md ehda<br /> (27) Ddng le ldng xd mdv t^i chit. (Td b?nh (TdHoS^)<br /> Hodi)<br /> (4e) Triii duge toi khttyin d Igi hang tdi md<br /> (28) Tod kit dn anh ba ndm til giam. (Thi chda b$nh.<br /> gidi mdi, so 328)<br /> (4g) d Igi hang tdi md chda b^nh dugc toi<br /> khuyin Triii. (?)<br /> 3.4. Vi khd ndng cdi biin<br /> Trong ciu trdc vdi dpng tft ba diln tl, nlu<br /> Nhu cdc vf dy cho thiy, trong sl cdc dien to<br /> dien tl thd hai Id kieu dien to cd khd ndng cdi thd ba xuat Wfn d nhftng cau tnicttdnddy, trft<br /> bien vj tri va cdi bien bj dpi^ khd mgnh tW dien td thft ba bdn dfng tft ban phdt, (cdc cdu<br /> dien to thft ba, nhin chung, rit hgn chl vl khd (Id), (lg)), cdc diln tl thft ba cdn lai hiu nhu<br /> ndng c^ biln. Chdng hgn, thft so sdnh diln to deu ban che ve kha ndng cdi bien vj tri va cdi<br /> thft hai vd dien tl thd ba vl khd ndng cdi biln bien bi dpng.<br /> 3.5. Vi^ nghid<br /> vi tri va cdi biln bj dfng qua cdc tnrdng hop<br /> Trong ciu tnic vdi dfng tft ba diln tl, so<br /> dudi day:<br /> vdi diln tl thft nhit vd thft hai, diln th thu ba<br /> a.Cdi bien vi tri:<br /> phong phu vd kilu logi y ngWa hon. Cy ihl,<br /> (la) Nam gOi thu eho m?.<br /> chung gom cdc •y' ngfala sau:<br /> (Id) Thu, Nam gOi eho me;<br /> a. Kd tilp nhfn (tilp till). Vi dy: (29) Mgt<br /> (Id) Mft Nam gui thu cho. (?)<br /> cdi bong eao ldn trao cdy dude cho cha bi.<br /> (2a) dng ghep li vdi tdo.<br /> (Trung<br /> Trung DWh)<br /> (2d} Li, dng ghep vdi tdo;<br /> b. Kd ton tiiit (bj hgi till). Vi dy: (30)<br /> (2d) Tdo, on^ghep le vdi. (?)<br /> (3a) Chiing tdi bdu anh dy ldm lop trudng. Ngc^ xua ddi kim, m^ em ed vay mgt it tiin<br /> (3d) Anh dy, chdng tdi bdu ldm ldp cua Nhin. (Td Hodi)<br /> c. Doi till kit ndi Vf dy:^ (31) Tdi dd gdn<br /> trudng.<br /> (3d) Ldm ldp tnedng ch&ng tdi bdu anhbo cd ddi minh vdi mdnh ddt ndy. (Bdo Ciido<br /> dye<br /> va Thdi dai)<br /> dy.(?)<br /> (4a) Tdi khieyin Trui d Igi hang tdi md chOa d. Dii till so sdnh, dii cWlu Vi dy: (32)^<br /> Ngudi ta thudng so sdnh hg vdi hang "bd<br /> b4nh. (TdHoai)<br /> (4d) Triii, tdi khicyin d lai hang tdi md vau' md Khans eoi Id tri thiec nua mita (Nam<br /> Cao)<br /> chOa b$nh.<br /> <br />