Xây dựng các hướng dẫn sử dụng thư viện trên môi trường Web

XAY DLTNG CAC HU'aNG D A N SLT DUNG THU" VIEN<br /> <br /> TREN MOI TRl/QNG WEB<br /> ThS. H u ^ h Hinh Khai<br /> Khoa ThU vien • Thoog bn hpc, budng DH KHXH&NV Tp. HCH<br /> Tdm tdt<br /> HuOngdSnlamdtchOtnSngafbintronghoptdpngtiiUw$n-tii6ngtincuathUvi^haYbvngdm<br /> thdngtin.Chiit nSng nay ngiy dng g/C vai bd c^uanttpngbtxig bS dnh N^ nay khi thU vl$n dS i^<br /> dang trdi (ftdn/i nd cung c^ bi ttKiC vi ngudn tii nguyen thongtinpho/y phO cho ngu&l dOng tin. Bii<br /> vi& khU quit mpt so cdng cp thiet ke web ph6bi&ihi^ nay trin In^met; Cac ndi dung ajam$t trang<br /> wd} thu vi0n d9i hpc vi thiet ki trang wdi hUlSng din s&dpng thU vi0n dm ngudi dung bn tnxig dc thU<br /> }d$ndplhpc<br /> nr khoi: ThU vifn dpi hpc, hudng din sir dgng, thia k l trang web.<br /> Absbact<br /> <br /> PrtfvkSng gukSances is a bask function of the library-information activity in libraries and Informatio<br /> centers. This hmction Ixeps an increasingly importantrotein tiie cunent context when libraries have bee<br /> becoming providers of knowledge and rich Information resources for Information users. The article give<br /> brid overview of some airrentiy popular wed designtooteon tiie Internet; Contents of an academic<br /> ^xary's tvebsfte and devdoping a library guide web pageforInformation users o^ academic libraries.<br /> Kmywerds: Academic libraries, library gukles, website design.<br /> 1. e f t vSn dS<br /> <br /> nhuhg tdc dpng to ldn vd mpnh m l din hopt<br /> dfng thu vifn - thfing tin, n\S hlfn d nhQng khia<br /> Hudng din Id mpt chut ndng cd b ^ trong hopt<br /> cpnh nhu cho phfip titfT dila s l dO* Ilfu, tham gia<br /> dfng thU vifn - thdng tin aia thu vifn hay ttung<br /> vdo cdng vifc phdt triln nfi dung, cho phfip thu<br /> tam thdng tin. Chiit ndng ndy ngdy cdng glQ vai<br /> vifn cd cd hfi tfn dgng va ttiln khai ttigt tiln<br /> trfi quan trpng trong bdi cdnh hifn nay khi ttiu<br /> hopt dfng ctia ddn vl nhdm ndng eao ehSt ludng<br /> vifn dS vd dang trd thdnh ncJi cung cdp tti thiit<br /> phgc vg, ndm bit tiSt hdn vd kjp thdi nhu cdu aia<br /> vd ngudn tdi nguy&i ttidng tin phong phu dio<br /> NOT.. Tdc dfng tich c^c ciia cdng nghf web vd<br /> ngudi diing tin (NDT). Hp c6 till sir dyng ttiU vifn<br /> hifu qud mang Ipi trong vifc trifin khai hopt dpng<br /> ttiufn tifn vd d l d ^ b ^ cfn, khai ttidc edc<br /> thUvlfn - ttidng tin da tpo ra gid tti gia tdng eho<br /> ngudn lyt ndy dSu phg Oiufc vdo ofing tdc to chiit<br /> cdc djch vg.<br /> hudng din sii dgng aia thu vifn. Hudng din NDT<br /> sir dgng OiU vifn Id oing cSp dio hp nhQng dif<br /> Ddi vdi hopt dfng hudng din NDT khai thdc<br /> din, cddi ttiii'c khai ttidc ttiu vtfn, nhSm ttang b|<br /> thU vtfn, vifc iitig dgng cong nghf web dfi t^o<br /> cho NDT nhung ky ndng cdn ttiift dfi hp b/ minh<br /> l|p, ttiia kledc nfi dung hudng din sirdgng trin<br /> nfin tdng web se tpo ra nhifiu cd hfi dfi NOT tilp<br /> sir dgng ttidnh ttipo ttu/vifn vd cdc ngudn ivc aia<br /> cpn den ngudn Igt aia ttiusrtfn, nSm bit kjp ttifll<br /> ttiU vifn [4].<br /> vd nhanh chdng cdc thdng tin hopt dfng, cd ttil<br /> Thmg ttidi dpi Internet hlfn nay, cdc ung dgng ttuy cfp b^t o i thdi gian ndo vd d \ i trf ndo. OiJng<br /> cdng nghf web dd tpo ra nhlSu bfn (ch h5 ttp cho thjfl, giOp thu vifn quang bd hifu qud hdn hopt<br /> mpi linh vgt, ngdnh nghe. Cdng nghf w ^ dd cd<br /> dfng aia ddn vj din cfng ddng NDT<br /> <br /> 14<br /> <br /> 2. Khdi qudt m ^ sff odng cv t h i l t ke web<br /> ph< bifil M f n nay<br /> <br /> khaittidcttiUvien. Hai cdng eg ndyttiodman dude<br /> muc tilu tian dSu.<br /> <br /> Thyt bin d u ttiay, phan ldn cdc thU vifn dpi<br /> hpc hifn nay dSu sd hihi dio minh mft bang wai<br /> de gidi ttiifu vd qudng bd cdc hopt dpng aia ddn<br /> vj. Tuy ttieo ddc dilm hoat ddng vd sii* mfnh aia<br /> minh md moi trang web thu ^ f n cd nhung thia<br /> k l chuyen biet, nfi dung d$c thu d l phu hdp vc^<br /> djnh hudng phat ttiln ttiu vlln. Quan sat ttii/c te<br /> edc trang web thU vifn, de d»ig nhfn ttiay cdc<br /> trang web cd r€t nhiSu chuyin mgc, npi dung.<br /> Dilu ndy cd t t i l se gdy ktidng it nhuhg bat Hen<br /> cho NDT khi muwi tim hilu edeh sit dgng mft sdn<br /> phfim, didi vg. Hofc tttU vifin mudn nhan manh<br /> ttidng tin hudng din ndo do cQng se khdng tao<br /> dudc SI/ diii y dio NOT Nhu vay, hifu qud aia<br /> vifc hudng dan NDT sir dgng ttiU vifn se kh&ig<br /> cao. Vi vpy, cdc thU vifn nfin thia k l mdt trang<br /> webdiuyfin wf cdc nft dung, cdc hudng din sii<br /> Q ^ b i U vifn vd tfch hdp but ti^ vdo bang web<br /> cilamU vifn. VSn df ndy hodn toan cd the gidi<br /> quya khi md hifn nay cdc cdng cu ttiia kfi web,<br /> cdc ngdn ngQ" tfp binh web rdt pho bi&i. ThU vifn<br /> cd nhilu sy lya chpn phii h^p vdi ddn vi minh.<br /> <br /> - hfTWL cd b'nh n ^ dem gidn, d l sir dung vd<br /> khdng doi hdi qud rdueu v€ ki&i thiit web, khdng<br /> can via cde doan ma code phiit tpp, ehi dem tiiuan<br /> surdi,ffigcdcthetag.<br /> <br /> Thmg gidi hpn bdi via, tdc gia chi lift k l mft<br /> sd ngdn ngQ l|p binh web phd biln hifn nay,<br /> khdng di sSu vdo gidi thifu dii tia d$c difim aia<br /> cde ngdn ngQ ndy. Bdi via ehi tfp ttung vdo vfin<br /> d l ttiia kg bang web hudng din sii dgng ttiU<br /> vifn, do dd vifc sir dgng ngfin ngQ Ifp trinh ndo<br /> phg thufc vdo nhu cSu vd dieu kifin aia cdc thu<br /> vifn. Cfi ttil k l din cde ngdn ngQ ASP.NET, PHP,<br /> JAVA, MS.NET, HTMI^ NotePad++... Mli ngdn<br /> ngQ cd nhQhg uu cTilm vd hpn chi rUng, do do<br /> khi sir dyng ngdn ngQ Ifp binh web ndo, cdc thu<br /> vtfn c3n tfn dgng tdi da nhQng uU difim dfi trifin<br /> khai mft cdch hifu qud nhit cdc nfi dung, ttidng<br /> ttn phyc vy da cfng dong NDT. Qua thyt te<br /> nghifin aiu, tdc gid mudn gkSlI thifu phSn mfim<br /> thia k l trang web Dreamweaver vdi ngdn ngC 1 ^<br /> trinh HTML d l xdy dyng trang web hudng din sir<br /> dgng thu vifn, vdi edc ty do sau:<br /> - Mye dkii cua vifc xdy dgng trang web hudng<br /> din sirdgng ttiu vifn, nhdm cung cdp cdi n t ^ tdng<br /> quan vie nfl dung cua mft trang web thU vifn, cg<br /> thfi hutSmg dfin mgc tilu hudng dan, chi din hp<br /> <br /> Tap chi THU VIEN VIET NAM<br /> <br /> - HTML thidi ling v$ nhieu trinh sopn thdo,<br /> trong do cd Dreamweaver. Cfing cy thia ke web<br /> ndy h& trd cdc ngfin ngu" da dang, dong thdi giao<br /> dien aia Dreamweaver bd bi tryt quan va ho trfl<br /> tidi hdp mpt bp ttiU vien template dfi NDT lga<br /> chpn (bp thu vien template ta tpp hdp bang chu<br /> va h i thdng trang con c6 bd cue dudc thia ke sin<br /> vd cau tnic nha qudn vdi nhau). Vdi bd thUvifn<br /> template cd sin, ttiU vien s l b a kifim dUpc thdi<br /> gian chinh sua, cdp nhat ttidng bn vd cung cdp<br /> nhHu sg" lya dipn dio NDT<br /> 3. Mo td khdi qudt bdi todn xSy d^ltg<br /> trang wd><br /> Mgc i : ^ ciia bang web hudng din sit dgng<br /> thu vifn nhdm cung cap cdc ndi dung hudng dan<br /> NDT sir dgng cac sdn phfim, dich vg do ttiU vifn<br /> t^o If p vd bien khai. Bdng nhuhg thdng tin hudng<br /> din dil bet, cgttiecho timg nfi dung, NOT de dang<br /> theo doi, ndm bSt vd thao tdc tren thgt t l , ddp<br /> uhg nhu C3u aia bdn than ttong vtfc khat thac vd<br /> sii dgng thu vifn.<br /> Thfing thudng mpt trang web cd nhuhg nfl<br /> dung eg t h l nhU:<br /> - T>ang chu: Gidl thifu chung ve nhQng hinh<br /> anh, hopt dfng, thdng tin mdi nhdt \€ ttiU vifn.<br /> - Trang gkjl thifu: Bao gom bdi via, thdng tin<br /> va hinh dnh gicS ttiifu ve ttiU vifn, ljch sir phat<br /> biln, dfi ngu nhdn sg-...<br /> - Trang sdn phSm/ didi vg: Gidi ttiifu, lift kfi<br /> bim tdt w timg san pham/ djch vg do thu vifn<br /> tpo lap, ding nhU cung cdp cdc hUdng dan sir<br /> dyng diung mpt cddi rd rdng, dii tia.<br /> - Trang lifin hf: Cung cdp cac ttidng tin d l NDT<br /> lifin Ipc vdi thU vifn.<br /> Bi mft trang web thyt sy dep vd dn tu^ng vdi<br /> NOT ddl hdi bo ajc aia bang web phdi dudc Uiia<br /> ke mft cdch khoa hpc va h ^ ly. Trudc khi tiiia<br /> <br /> 5(61)<br /> <br /> IS<br /> <br /> k l bd cgc (layout) aia bang web ttiU vifn, dn<br /> (pian tam dSi mot sd van de nhU: san phfim/<br /> didi vg (Sn gidi thilu d l cd mpt thia ke phu hdp,<br /> bd cue todn trang phai hod hdp, mau s3c phdi<br /> dudc lua chpn hai hoa, lga dipn font dit/ phu hdp<br /> de kS h ^ ed m ^ trang web dfip mat<br /> 4. Thilt ke trang web hiMng dSn sit<br /> dung t h u vifn<br /> Thia k l bang web hudng din NDT sir dyng<br /> thu vifn bao gom vific md td cd sd dQ lieu (CSDL)<br /> diua cac hudng dan sti dgng thU vifn, cdc yeu<br /> cau i€ giao difin trang chii, thia ke cdc bang con<br /> (pages) theo mpt dfnh dang thdng nhat<br /> CSDL hudng dan NDT khai ttidc thu vlln dudc<br /> xdy dutig theo md hinh du' lilu quan hf. Bao<br /> gom:<br /> Quan hf nguoi_dung_bn (MS_T>1E, HO_TEN,<br /> NGAY_SINH, DOI.TUONG, D!EN_THOAI)<br /> Trong dd:<br /> MS_THE: Ma sd ttie aJa NDT<br /> HO_TEN:HpvdtlnNDT<br /> NGAY_SINH: Ngay sinh aia NDT.<br /> DOI^TlXiNG: 0 3 hidng cu ttie (giang vlln,<br /> sinh VUn, cdn bf...).<br /> <br /> dyng (ngudi mdi lam ttd, chua bia sit dyng,<br /> diuyfin gia ttifing tin...].<br /> THAO_TAC: Cac thao tdc mfi td qud b%ih thgt<br /> hiln.<br /> KET_QUA: Ka qud dia hudng din id chuli<br /> hinh anh hofc video.<br /> TU_KHOA: La tir/ cgm tfr tiifi hifn nfl dung<br /> aia hudng din.<br /> Trong md hinh quan hf dQ* iifu, khod chlnh<br /> dia mdt quan h i id mft hofc mft nhdm thufc<br /> b'nh xdc c^nh duy nhSt mft bf bong quan hf. Khod<br /> c^fnh aia quan hf Id djnh danh ciia thgt thl<br /> tudng ling. Trong cac quan he, khoa chfnh dui^c<br /> gadi chdn. Khod chinh phdi xdc dinh dUQc duy<br /> nhat mft bf bong quan hf, phdi cd s6 thufc tii*<br /> k nha vd khfing ttiay doi tiieo ttidi gian.<br /> Khod ngodi dudc su" dgng dfi thia ISp mft mdi<br /> quan hf. Dd Id thudc b'nh md td aia quan hf ndy,<br /> nhuhg ddng ttidi Ipi id thufc tinh khod bong quan<br /> h i khdc. Thing quan hf khod ngoai dudc in nghiing.<br /> Vf dg: TimJIem CTEN_HUONG_DAN, TU_KHOA)<br /> Nguoi_dung_tin (MS_THE, HO_TEN, NAM<br /> _SINH, DOI.TUONG, DIEN_THOAI, TEN_HUONG<br /> _DAN) - TEN_HUONG_DAN Id FOREIGN_KEY aia<br /> quan hf nguDt_dung_bn.<br /> <br /> DIEN^THOAI: Difn ttiopi lifin lac ciia NDT<br /> <br /> Cdc rdng bufc ttong mfi hinh quan hf Id:<br /> <br /> Quan hf tim_kiem (TEN_HUONG_DAN, TU<br /> KHOA)<br /> <br /> - Rdng bufc ttigt ttil: Ld mft rdng bufc tt^<br /> khod chfnh. Nd yeu ^ u khod difnh phdi tfii ttiilu,<br /> xac d[nh duy nha vd khdng null. (Gia ttj null hie<br /> Id khdng cd gid ttj. No khdc vdi gid trj 0 hay dSu<br /> each).<br /> <br /> Trong dd:<br /> TEN_HUONG_DAN: Tin aJa hudng din sir<br /> dgng Oiu vifn.<br /> <br /> - Rdng bufcttiamdiieij (rdng bufc khoa ngodi):<br /> Lien quan din b'nh todn v?n aia mS quan hf, bit<br /> Id lien quan den b'nh todn vpn aia khod ngodi.<br /> Quan hf huong_dan^su_dung_tiiu_vien (TEN_ Mpt rdng bufc tham chUu ylu cau mft gid bl<br /> HUONG_DAN, MUC_D1CH, DOLTUONG, THAO<br /> khoa ngodi trong mfit quan hf dn phai ffln tpi Id<br /> TAC, KET.QUA, TU_KHOA)<br /> mdt gid tt| khod ehfnh bong mpt quan hf khdc<br /> hodc Id gid bi null.<br /> Trong dd:<br /> TU.KHOA: td tQ/ cgm tir ttifi hifn ndi dung ciia<br /> hudng din sir dyng thu vifn.<br /> <br /> TEN.HUONG.DAN: Ten aia hudng din sii<br /> dyng ttiu vifn.<br /> MIX:_DICH: Mgc didi hudng din sir dung ttiU<br /> vien.<br /> DOLTUONG: Odi bidng aia hudng din si^<br /> <br /> 16<br /> <br /> Lm?c dd quan hf Id sg" ttifti bji^ng hod eua<br /> quan hf. Khi ndi de^n lUdc dd quan hf Id d l cfp<br /> tdi cdu tnic tdng qudt ciia mft quan hf; khi ndi<br /> din mft quan hfi Hi! hieu rdng dfi Id mft bdng cd<br /> cdu true eg ttil fr&i mft lUdc dd quan hf vdi cdc<br /> bd gid trj ciia nd.<br /> <br /> T h l Wfn (hay tinh bpng) aia quan h f Id tap<br /> hdP cdc b f gtd tri aia quan he vdo mft thdi difim.<br /> T h l hifn cua quan hf tim_kiem<br /> TU.KHOA THWJ_TAC<br /> I KET.QUA<br /> TU.KHOA<br /> <br /> 1<br /> <br /> Dfi NDT cd ttifi tim kl&n ttidng tin hUdng d i n<br /> sir dgng thu vifin trong CSDL thdng qua muc iuc<br /> ttuy cfp OPAC, c i n cd mft ngfin ngQ SQL dfi ttuy<br /> vdn dQ lifu. SQL (Stroctured Query Language) Id ngdn ngQ truy vSn cd cdu tnic Idm vific vdf cdc<br /> ttinh qudn ly CSDL nhu' Access, DB2, Informix,<br /> Microsoft SQL Server vd nhl€u ttlnh khdc. Ngon<br /> ngO' nay bao gdm a i phdp (cSu tnic a i phdp syntax) + cdc b i khod (tir vgng) + hdm Ifp sin.<br /> Thmg mft a i phdp aia SQL:<br /> SELECT<br /> <br />