Xuất khẩu nông sản bài toán chất lượng và bền vững

nuinrilMG<br /> <br /> XUAT K H X U N 6 N G SAN<br /> <br /> bai toan chii't Iifdng va y'n viiog<br /> • TRAN TRONG TRIET nhU: cd phe tdng 45%, cad su gid tri gia tang cua tddn nganh.<br /> tang 12,6%, gad tdng 14,8%, Ddi vdi linh vufc tidng hot, cac<br /> thuy sdn tang 28%, lam sdn tang dia phUdng, DN cdn tdp trung<br /> Trong 10 nam qua, kim 17%... Nhd dd, thdng dU thUdng thuc day sdn xuat, XK diy tri<br /> ngach XK hang ndng sdn mai cua ngdnh ndng nghidp dat tdng trfldng. Phan dau tdng dien<br /> Viet Nam tang gafp 6 lan, 4,3 ti USD, gdp phdn gidm nhdp tich gieo trdng cdy lUdng thufc co<br /> dat tren 19 ti USD nam sidu chd cd nUdc. h a t dat khddng 8,5 trieu ha, doi<br /> 2010, chie'm 27% ting kim Tuy nhien, n g a n h ndng vdi lua gao tfl nay den cudi ndm,<br /> ng?ch XK cd nudc. Thi nghiep vdn cdn nhting tdn tai Bd Uep tuc chi dao cdc dia<br /> trudng XK ngay cang md nhu cdng tdc phdng chdng dich phUdng chu trpng phdt huy ldi<br /> rang. Cuoc song cua ngudi bdnh trdn gia sue gia cdm; cdng the vd trdng lua cdc vung ddng<br /> ndng dan dang thay dii td't tdc qudn ly chat lUdng vdt tU bang, ddm bdo dien tich gieo cay<br /> han. Tuy nhien, di ndng sdn ndng nghiep, ddm bad ve siiih lua cd ndm dat khoang 7,37 trieu<br /> Viet Nam cd thi XK ben cin tddn thufc p h a m chUa ddp ha, sdn lUdng liia cd ndm dat 41<br /> vdng de'n nam 2020, cdn rat flng dfldc yeu cdu; d nhidm mdi trieu tan, vUdt 1 trieu tan so veil<br /> nhieu va'n de phdi gidi quyet trUdng tai cdc Idng nghd cdn phd ke hoach 2010. Ddi vdl linh vitc<br /> phia trudc. bien; tinh trang phd rflng vdn chdn nudi, cdc dia phUdng cdn<br /> didn ra d nhidu dia phUdng, cdng tap trung chi dao khdi phuc dn<br /> tdc ddi mdi td chUc qudn ly sdn dinh sdn xuat d nhiing ndi da het<br /> xuat cdn chdm... Ddng chu y, tdc dich, ddng thdi khu^ren khich DN<br /> K^t qua dang khich le<br /> dp tdng tnidng gia tri gia tdng vd ngUdi ddn chdn nudi theo<br /> Thed Sd lieu thdng ke cua Bd hudng tiang trai, cdng nghiep va<br /> cua ngdnh cdn thap, mdi chi dat<br /> NN&PTNT fldc tinh gid tri sdn ndng cao hieu qud, khd ndng<br /> 1,9% trdng khi ke hoach dd ra<br /> xuat ndng, lam nghidp vd thuy klem sodt dich benh. Phan dau<br /> Id 2,6%...<br /> sdn 6 thdng ddu ndm 2011 dat dUa ngdnh chan nudi dat tdc do<br /> Tren cd sd nhiing kdt qud dat<br /> 107.065 ti ddng, tang 3,74% so tang trudng cad theo muc Ueu da<br /> dUdc vd nhtJng tdn tai cho thay<br /> vdi cung ky ndm trfldc; tidng dd de ra, gid tri sdn xuat tdng tit<br /> nhiem vu tfl nay den cudi ndm<br /> ndng nghidp dat gdn 77,8 ti ddng 7,5 d e n 8% so vdl ndm 2010.<br /> cua ngdnh ndng nghiep la rat<br /> (tang 3,25%), ldm nghiep dat gdn Ddi vdl linh vufc nudi tidng thuy<br /> ldn. Bd trfldng Cao DUc Phdt ydu<br /> 3,6 ti ddng (tdng 5,29%) vd thuy sdn, chu trpng hUdng ddn kilm<br /> cdu todn ngdnh phdi tiep tuc tap<br /> sdn dat gan 25,7 ti ddng (tdng tra vd gidm s a t thUc hien viec<br /> trung thufc hien quyet Het cdc gidl<br /> 5,05%). Tranh thti cd hpi thudn tudn thu cdc quy dinh ve difiu<br /> phdp thuc day sdn xuat, kinh<br /> ldi cua thi trfldng ndng sdn the kidn nudi, quy trinh nudi an toan<br /> doanh, duy tri tdc dp tdng trfldng<br /> gidi vd ngudn hdng ddi ddd tidng thufc p h a m vd mdi tnidng; ap<br /> gdp phdn kidm che lam phdt vd<br /> nfldc, cdc DN dd tdng cfldng XK. dung quy trinh sdn xuat tdt va<br /> ddm bdo an sinh xd hdi. Ddng<br /> Tdng kim ngach XK ndng, ldm vd theo ddi sdt thi trUdng, dau<br /> thdi, cac ddn vi phdi nd lufc hdn<br /> thuy sdn 6 thdng ddu n a m fldc tranh klen quyet vdi nhtJng stl<br /> nfla de hodn thdnh ke hoach<br /> dat 12 ti USD, tdng 37,6% sd vdi c a n h tranh khdng Idnh m^nh,<br /> ndm 2011; rd sodt tinh todn<br /> cung ky. Nhidu mat hdng cd khdi n h d t Id vdl cd tra, phdi giti va<br /> nhflng linh vufc ndo cdn cd the<br /> phat trien dUdc thi tnidng...<br /> lUdng vd kim ngach XK tdng cad thiic day tdng tnidng de ndng cad<br /> <br /> 281 THUUNG Mfl 8623/2011<br />  ^?r<br /> »>cB«cr"Tr''<br /> THITRUdNG<br /> <br /> dn chdn nudi, 53% nhu cdu phan<br /> bdn, nhiSu loai phan bdn phai<br /> NK 100% nhfl Kali...). Tren thi<br /> trfldng the gidi gid hang ndng sdn<br /> Viet Nam cdn phu thudc gia the<br /> gidi, ke cd nhflng mat hang dflng<br /> vi tri nhd't nhi nhfl gao, cd phe...<br /> Viec thu hut ddu tfl cua tfl nhan<br /> va ddu tfl nfldc ngodi cho ndng<br /> nghiep cdn thap (hang nam ddu<br /> tfl nfldc ngodi vao ndng nghiep<br /> chi chiem khoang 5%, ddu tfl tfl<br /> nhdn cting chi vao khodng 15%)<br /> Che bien hat didu XK cting khien cho XK ndng sdn Viet<br /> Nam kem ben vflng.<br /> Giai phap XK nong san chift Viec XK hang ndng sdn tdng dd Chat Ifldng ndng sdn XK ctia<br /> Itfofng b£n viiCag gdp phdn tao viec lam cho ngfldi Viet Nam chfla ddng deu cung Id<br /> GS. Dd Dflc Binh, TrUdng Dai lao ddng (chiem 60% tdng sd lao mdt thdch thflc ldn. Cd den 90%<br /> hpc Kinh te Qudc ddn phan tich, ddng ctia cd nfldc). Dac biet, gia hdng ndng sdn Viet Nam XK dfldi<br /> thdi gian qua, cung vdi sU phdt tri XK ndng sdn tdng trfldng dd dang thd, sd che, khdng cd mdu<br /> trien ctia ndn kinh te tidng bdi tdng ngudn thu ngoai te cho dat ma bao bi phu hdp, qua it hang<br /> cdnh hdi nhdp, kim ngach XK nfldc vd tdng thu nhdp ddng ke cd thfldng hieu... nen gid tri gia<br /> hdng ndng sdn Viet Nam khdng chd ngfldi ndng dan. Thu nhap tang thap, rat de bi rui ro theo<br /> ngflng gia tdng gdp phdn quan binh qudn ddu ngfldi cua hd ndng bien ddng gid thi trfldng the gidi.<br /> dan tdng tfl 2,7 trieu ddng nam Chat Ifldng ndng sdn that thfldng<br /> tipng vdd tang trfldng XK ctia cd<br /> 1999 len 7,8 trieu ddng nam Id do sdn xuat d Viet Nam manh<br /> nfldc. Trdng vdng 10 ndm, gid tri<br /> 2007. 11 le ngfldi ndng ddn dfldc mun, phan tdn, khdng phu hdp<br /> XK hdng ndng sdn tdng 6 ldn,<br /> tiep can dich vu cdng cdng, boat yeu cdu ctia nen sdn xuat hang<br /> dat tren 19 ti USD nam 2010,<br /> ddng cdng ddng cung tdng (52% hda quy md ldn, tap trung (cd<br /> chiem 27% tdng kim ngach XK<br /> ddn cU ndng thdn cd bao hiem y phe Id mat hang XK chti Iflc cua<br /> cua cd nfldc. Vd thi trfldng, tiong<br /> te, 75% sd hd ndng thdn dUdc Viet Nam nhflng tren 80% dien<br /> sd 24 mat hdng XK chu Iflc cua<br /> cap nUdc hdp ve sinh, 28,4% sd<br /> cd nfldc thi hdng ndng, ldm, thuy tich tidng cd phe cd nfldc do hd<br /> xd cd td chflc thu gom rdc...).<br /> sdn ddng gdp den 11 mat hang. ndng dan qudn ly. Chat Ifldng<br /> Mdt sd mat hdng ndng sdn dat Tuy dat dfldc ket qud cad, nhd kho, ben bdi, chd ddu mdi,<br /> gid tri XK tien 1 ti USD (thuy nhufng tidng chien lUdc phdt trien cdng nghe sau thu hdach deu<br /> sdn, dd gd vd gao tien 3 ti USD, thUdng mai giai ddan 2011 kem...). Tren thi trfldng the gidi,<br /> cao su tien 2 ti USD, cd phe vd 2020 ctia Bd Cdng ThUdng, nhieu nhieu mat hdng ndng sdn Viet<br /> hat didu tien 1 ti USD...). Mdt sd chuyen gia nhdn dinh, hang ndng Nam dd bi budc trd ve nfldc bdi<br /> hang ndng sdn XK Viet Nam sdn XK Viet Nam mudn tang khdng dat tieu chuan chat Ifldng<br /> dang dufng vl tri hdng ddu the gidi trUdng ben vflng, cdn phdi gidi ve sinh an todn thflc pham. Dd<br /> nhfl hd tieu chiem 14,3% thi nhidu bdi todn cu md khd. la chfla ke, viec md rdng sdn<br /> phdn, cd phe 40%, hat didu TS. Ngd Thi Tuyet Mai, TrUdng xuat ndng sdn phuc vu XK dang<br /> 9,5%... Thi trfldng XK ndng sdn Dai hpc Kinh te Qudc dan cho gdp phdn ldm can kiet tdi<br /> cung ngdy cdng md rdng. Den rdng, tdng tnidng XK ndng sdn nguyen vd gay d nhiem mdi<br /> nay hang ndng sdn Viet Nam cd Viet Nam vdn cdn kem bdn vting trfldng (nudi trdng bfla bdi ldm<br /> mat tien 80 qudc gia, vung Idnh vd canh tianh thap. Bdi sdn xudt thu hep dien tich rflng, tiong 50<br /> thd tien the gidi. Rieng thi trfldng tiong nUdc chUa ddp flng dfldc ndm Viet Nam mat khodng 80%<br /> chdu A hien chiem den 70% kim nhu cdu kinh ddanh ngdy cdng dien tich rflng ngap mdn do nudi<br /> ngach XK ndng sdn Viet Nam. md rdng (chi ddp ufng 70% thflc tidng thiiy, hdi sdn...) •<br /> <br /> THUONG MAI So 23/2011 1 2 9<br />