Cytoplasmic organelles
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Chapter 3 (part c) provides knowledge of the cytoplasm. This chapter describe the composition of the cytosol; discuss the structure and function of mitochondria; discuss the structure and function of ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus, including functional interrelationships among these organelles; compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes.
30p tangtuy07 02-04-2016 46 1 Download
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The vacuolar H + -ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multimeric enzyme complex that acidi®es organelles of the vacuolar system in eukaryotic cells. Proteins that interact with the V-ATPase may play an important role in controlling the intracellular localization and activity of the proton pump. The neuroendocrine-enriched V-ATPase accessory subunit Ac45 may represent such a protein as it has been shown to interactwith themembrane sector of theV-ATPase inonlya subset of organelles.
10p research12 23-04-2013 39 2 Download
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The development of targeted probes (based on the molecular engineering of luminescent or fluorescent proteins) has allowed the specific measure-ment of [Ca 2+ ] in intracellular organelles or cytoplasmic subdomains. This approach gave novel information on different aspects of cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Regarding mitochondria, it was possible to demonstrate that, upon physiological stimulation of cells, Ca 2+ is rapidly accumulated in the matrix.
10p fptmusic 11-04-2013 40 1 Download
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We have investigated the direct effect of arachidonic acid on cholesterol transport in intact cells or isolated mitochondria from steroidogenic cells and the effect of cyclic-AMP on the specific release of this fatty acid inside the mitochondria. We show for the first time that cyclic-AMP can regulate the release of arachidonic acid in a specialized compartment of MA-10 Leydig cells, e.g.
11p inspiron33 23-03-2013 35 5 Download
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It is widely accepted that chloroplasts derived from an endosymbiotic event in which an early eukaryotic cell engulfed an ancient cyanobacterial pro-karyote. During subsequent evolution, this new organelle lost its autonomy by transferring most of its genetic information to the host cell nucleus and therefore became dependent on protein import from the cytoplasm.
11p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 36 2 Download
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Ca 2+ regulates a multitude of cellular processes and does so by partition-ing its actions in space and time. In this review, we discuss how Ca 2+ responses are constructed from small quantal (elementary) events that have the potential to propagate to produce large pan-cellular responses. We review how Ca 2+ is compartmentalized both physically and functionally, and describe how each organelle has its own distinct Ca 2+ -handling prop-erties.
17p viettel02 22-02-2013 34 3 Download
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Adequate transport of large proteins that function in the nucleus is indis-pensable for cognate molecular events within this organelle. Selective pro-tein import into the nucleus requires nuclear localization signals (NLS) that are recognized by importin receptors in the cytoplasm.
15p mobifone23 21-01-2013 42 2 Download
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Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal pathway used to degrade and recycle long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. This homeostatic ability makes autophagy an important pro-survival mechanism in response to several stresses, such as nutrient starvation, hypoxia, dam-aged mitochondria, protein aggregation and pathogens.
8p mobifone23 18-01-2013 61 3 Download