Extracellular enzymes

This study aims to determine the various strains of yeast and filamentous fungi in traditional alcohol yeast cake from Hai Hau district, Nam Dinh province. By traditional laboratory techniques such as isolation on YPD agar, observation of colony morphology as well as cell characteristics by microscopy, combined with molecular biology method to sequence ITS region 03 strains of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CN1, CN2, and NM3 were identified: 01 pseudo-strain yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera NM02 and 01 strain of filamentous fungi Rhizopus microsporus NS04.

10p viaburame 14-03-2025 8 1   Download

Extracellular cleavage of virus envelope fusionglycoproteins by host cellular proteases is a prerequisite for the infectivity of mammalian and nonpathogenic avian influenza viruses, and Sendai virus. In search of such target processing pro-teases in the airway, we recently found a new candidate trypsin-like processing protease in rat lungs, which was induced by Sendai virus infection, and identified as ectopic rat anionic trypsin I.

9p research12 29-04-2013 44 4   Download

An extracellular lipase, LipA, extracted fromAcinetobacter sp. RAG-1 grown on hexadecane was purified and proper-ties of the enzyme investigated. The enzyme is released into the growth medium during the transition to stationary phase. The lipase was harvested from cells grown to sta-tionary phase, and purified with 22% yield and 10-fold purification. The protein demonstrates little affinity for anionexchange resins,withcontaminatingproteins removed by passing crude supernatants over a Mono Q column....

9p tumor12 22-04-2013 50 2   Download

A100-kDa proteinwith endoglucanase activitywas purified from Triton X-100 extract of cells of the thermoacidophilic Gram-positive bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius. The enzyme exhibited activity towards carboxy methyl cel-lulose and oat spelt xylan with pH and temperature optima of 4 and 80
C, respectively. Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the corresponding gene (celB) revealed an ORF encoding a preprotein of 959 amino acids which is consistent with an extracellular localization.

10p tumor12 20-04-2013 35 2   Download

Pathogenicity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis closely rela-ted to its ability to survive and replicate in the hostile envi-ronment of macrophages. For some pathogenic bacteria, secretion of ATP-utilizing enzymes into the extracellular environment aids in pathogen survival via P2Z receptor-mediated, ATP-induced death of infected macrophages. A component of these enzymes is nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk). Thendkgenewas cloned fromM. tuberculosis H37Rv and expressed inEscherichia coli.

10p tumor12 20-04-2013 45 4   Download

Diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnAs) act as extracellular signaling molecules in a broad variety of tissues. They were shown to be hydrolyzed by surface-located enzymes in an asymmetric manner, generating AMP and Apn-1 from ApnA. The molecular identity of the enzymes responsible remains unclear.We analyzed the potential ofNPP1, NPP2, and NPP3, the three members of the ecto-nucleotide pyro-phosphatase/phosphodiesterase family, to hydrolyze the diadenosine polyphosphates diadenosine 5¢,5¢¢¢-P 1 ,P 3 -triphosphate (Ap3A),...

8p fptmusic 16-04-2013 33 2   Download

Cleavage of the arylglycerolb-aryl ether linkage is the most important process in the biological degradation of lignin. Thebacterialb-etherasewasdescribedpreviouslyandshown to be tightly associated with the cellular membrane. In this study, we aimed to detect and isolate a new extracellular function that catalyses theb-aryl ether linkage cleavage of high-molecular lignin in the soil fungi. We screened and isolated 2BW-1 cells by using a highly sensitive fluorescence assay system.

10p fptmusic 16-04-2013 40 4   Download

NTPDase1 and NTPDase2 are two related plasma mem-brane-located enzymes involved in the extracellular degra-dation of nucleoside 5¢-tri- and -diphosphates. They differ regarding their hydrolysis ratios for ATP and ADP. Both enzymes have a predicted transmembrane domain close to the N- and C-terminus, respectively, connected by an extensive extracellular domain that carries the active site.We expressed the rat-derived enzymes inXenopus laevisoocytes and analyzed their quarternary structure.

8p fptmusic 16-04-2013 36 5   Download

The mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction is a post-translational modification that is catalysed by both bacterial toxins and eukaryotic enzymes, and that results in the transfer of ADP-ribose from bNAD + to various acceptor proteins. In mammals, both intracellular and extracellular reactions have been described; the latter are due to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored or secreted enzymes that are able to modify their targets, which include the purinergic receptor P2X7, the defensins and the integrins. ...

11p fptmusic 12-04-2013 37 4   Download

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular flavocytochrome con-taining flavin and b-type heme, and plays a key role in cellulose degrada-tion by filamentous fungi. To investigate intermolecular electron transfer from CDH to cytochrome c, Phe166, which is located in the cytochrome domain and approaches one of propionates of heme, was mutated to Tyr, and the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the mutant (F166Y) were compared with those of the wild-type (WT) enzyme.

0p awards 06-04-2013 37 2   Download

The metalloendopeptidase 24.15 (EP24.15) is ubiquitously present in the extracellular environment as a secreted protein. Outside the cell, this enzyme degrades several neuropeptides containing from 5 to 17 amino acids (e.g. gonadotropin releasing hormone, bradykinin, opioids and neuro-tensin). The constitutive secretion of EP24.15 from glioma C6 cells was demonstrated to be stimulated linearly by reduced concentrations of extra-cellular calcium.

15p awards 06-04-2013 31 3   Download

Transglutaminases form a large family of intracellular and extracellular enzymes that catalyse the Ca 2+ -dependent post-translational modification of proteins. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the biolo-gical role of most mammalian transglutaminase isoforms, recent findings suggest new scenarios, most notably for the ubiquitous tissue transglutami-nase.

17p awards 05-04-2013 46 3   Download

The peptide sequence DSYG(893–896) of the sheep sodium pumpa1 subunit is highly conserved among all K + -trans-porting P-type ATPases. To obtain information about its function, single mutations were introduced and the mutants were expressed in yeast and analysed for enzymatic activity, ion recognition, and a/bsubunit interactions. Mutants of Ser894 or Tyr895 were all active. Conservative phenylalan-ine and tryptophan mutants of Tyr895 displayed properties that were similar to the properties of the wild-type enzyme....

11p awards 05-04-2013 51 3   Download

Cytosolic sialidase (neuraminidase 2; Neu2) is an enzyme whose expression increases during myoblast differentiation. Here we show that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-induced hypertrophy of myoblasts notably increa-ses Neu2 synthesis by activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (P13K/AKT/mTOR) pathway, whereas the proliferative effect mediated by activation of the extracellular regulated kinase 1⁄2 (ERK1⁄2) pathway negatively contributed to Neu2 activity....

13p inspiron33 25-03-2013 46 4   Download

We purified an extracellular pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH) from the basidiomycete fungusAgaricus xanthodermausing ammonium sulfate frac-tionation and ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The native enzyme is a monomeric glycoprotein (5% carbohydrate) con-taining a covalently bound FAD as its prosthetic group.

16p inspiron33 23-03-2013 40 4   Download

Endonuclease I is a periplasmic or extracellular enzyme present in many different Proteobacteria. TheendAgene encoding endonuclease I from the psychrophilic and mildly halophilic bacteriumVibrio salmonicidaand from the mesophilic brackish water bacterium Vibrio choleraehave been cloned, over-expressed inEscherichia coli, and purified.

12p inspiron33 23-03-2013 59 5   Download

The two-component system SenS–SenR fromStreptomyces reticulihas been shown to influence the production of the redox regulator FurS, the mycel-ium-associated enzyme CpeB, which displays heme-dependent catalase and peroxidase activity as well as heme-independent manganese peroxidase activity, and the extracellular heme-binding protein HbpS.

14p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 43 4   Download

The extracellular bga1-encoded b-galactosidase of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) was overexpressed under the pyruvat kinase (pki1) promoter region and purified to apparent homogeneity. The monomeric enzyme is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 118.8 ± 0.5 kDa (MALDI-MS) and an isoelectric point of 6.6.

10p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 38 4   Download

The Gram-negative bacterium Lysobacter sp. XL1 secretes various proteins, including bacteriolytic enzymes (L1–L5), into the culture medium. These proteins are able to degrade Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanism of secretion of extracellular proteins byLysobactersp. XL1 has not been studied hitherto.

9p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 52 4   Download

The direct conversion of plant cell wall polysaccharides into soluble sugars is one of the most important reactions on earth, and is performed by cer-tain microorganisms such as Clostridium thermocellum(Ct). These organ-isms produce extracellular multi-subunit complexes (i.e. cellulosomes) comprising a consortium of enzymes, which contain noncatalytic carbohy-drate-binding modules (CBM) that increase the activity of the catalytic module.

12p media19 06-03-2013 46 4   Download