Objects as members of classes

Object-oriented programming (OOP), inheritance is a way to establish Is-a relationship between objects.[note 1] It is often confused as a way to reuse the existing code which is not a good practice because inheritance for implementation reuse leads to Tight Coupling. Re-usability of code is achieved through composition

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Proxy class Hide implementation details of another class Knows only public interface of class being hidden Enables clients to use class’s services without giving access to class’s implementation. Used when class definition only uses pointer to another class Prevents need for including header file

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Structure is collection of different types Class used to combine data and functionsinto single unit - object, Member variables and member functions Can be public , accessed outside class Can be private , accessed only in a memberfunction’s definition.

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In object-oriented programming, a class is a construct that is used to create instances of itself – referred to as class instances, class objects, instance objects or simply objects. A class defines constituent members which enable its instances to have state and behavior.[1] Data field members (member variables or instance variables) enable a class instance to maintain state. Other kinds of members, especially methods, enable the behavior of class instances. Classes define the type of their instances.[2]...

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Constructors and destructors perform special functions as members of classes. Constructors are used to initialize objects. Conversely, you can use destructors to delete an object when it is not required. This chapter introduces the concept of constructors and destructors. In addition, the chapter explains how to implement constructors and destructors. The chapter also explains how constructors and destructors help in identifying the life cycle of the object.

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A class can contain private as well as public members. By default, all items defined in a class are private. This means that they can be accessed only by other members of their class, and not by any other part of your program. This is one way encapsulation is achieved—you can tightly control access to certain items of data by keeping them private.

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