Secretion system

Diarrhea is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide, especially in the developing world. Among various etiologic agents within the Escherichia genus, Escherichia albertii is becoming recognized as a significant human enteropathogen. There has been little knowledge about the colonization and infection of E. albertii in comparison to its close relatives, E. coli.

11p viinuzuka 28-02-2025 3 1   Download

Malware: software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the owner's informed consent Spyware: software designed to intercept or take partial control over the user's interaction with the computer, without the user's informed consent secretly monitors the user's behavior collect various types of personal information

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Invite you to consult the document content "Listening practice through dictation 4 - Word list" for more documents serving the academic needs of English vocabulary. Content document you referred to the system vocabulary list, hope this is useful references for you.

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The Rv0948c gene fromMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv encodes a 90 amino acid protein as the natural gene product with chorismate mutase (CM) activity. The protein, 90-MtCM, exhibits Michaelis–Menten kinetics with akcat of 5.5 ± 0.2 s )1 and a Kmof 1500 ± 100lmat 37C and pH 7.5. The 2.0 A˚ X-ray structure shows that 90-MtCM is an alla-helical homodimer (Protein Data Bank ID: 2QBV) with the topology ofEscheri-chia coliCM (EcCM), and that both protomers contribute to each catalytic site.

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Humanpancreatic secretions contain twomajor trypsinogen isoforms, cationic and anionic trypsinogen, normally at a ratio of 2 : 1. Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and chronic alcoholism lead to a characteristic reversal of the isoform ratio, and anionic trypsinogen becomes the predominant zymogen secreted. To understand the biochemical conse-quences of these alterations, we recombinantly expressed and purified both human trypsinogens and documented characteristics of autoactivation, autocatalytic degradation and Ca 2+ -dependence....

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The mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction is a post-translational modification that is catalysed by both bacterial toxins and eukaryotic enzymes, and that results in the transfer of ADP-ribose from bNAD + to various acceptor proteins. In mammals, both intracellular and extracellular reactions have been described; the latter are due to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored or secreted enzymes that are able to modify their targets, which include the purinergic receptor P2X7, the defensins and the integrins. ...

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pH-Dependent structural changes forEscherichia coliO157:H7 EspA were characterized by CD, 8-anilino-2-naphthyl sulfonic acid (ANS) fluores-cence, and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. Far- and near-UV CD spectra, recorded between pH 2.0 and 7.0, indicate that the protein has significant amounts of secondary and tertiary structures. An increase in ANS fluorescence intensity (in the presence of EspA) was observed at aci-dic pH;

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The structural properties of EspB, a virulence factor of theEscherichia coli O157 type III secretion system, were characterized. Far-UV and near-UV CD spectra, recorded between pH 1.0 and pH 7.0, show that the protein assumesa-helical structures and that some tyrosine tertiary contacts may exist. All tyrosine side-chains are exposed to water, as determined by acryl-amide fluorescence quenching spectroscopy.

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Collectins are a family of collagenous calcium-dependent defense lectins in animals. Their polypeptide chains consist of four regions: a cysteine-rich N-terminal domain,a colla-gen-like region,ana-helical coiled-coil neck domain and a C-terminal lectin or carbohydrate-recognition domain. These polypeptide chains form trimers that may assemble into larger oligomers. The best studied family members are the mannan-binding lectin,which is secreted into the blood by the liver,and the surfactant proteins A andD,which are secreted into the pulmonary alveolar and airway lining fluid....

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We report the secreted expression byPichia pastorisof two human lyso-zyme variants F57I and W64R, associated with systemic amyloid disease, and describe their characterization by biophysical methods. Both variants have a substantially decreased thermostability compared with wild-type human lysozyme, a finding that suggests an explanation for their increased propensity to form fibrillar aggregates and generate disease.

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Bacillusspecies are valuable producers of industrial enzymes and biophar-maceuticals, because they can secrete large quantities of high-quality pro-teins directly into the growth medium. This requires the concerted action of quality control factors, such as folding catalysts and ‘cleaning proteases’.

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Type III secretion systems of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria allow the injection of effector proteins into the cytosol of host eukaryotic cells. Cros-sing of the eukaryotic plasma membrane is facilitated by a translocon, an oligomeric structure made up of two bacterial proteins inserted into the host membrane during infection.

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Among molluscs, the shell biomineralization process is controlled by a set of extracellular macromolecular components secreted by the calcifying mantle. In spite of several studies, these components are mainly known in bivalves from only few members of pteriomorph groups.

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EspB is a multifunctional protein associated with the type III secretion system of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and interacts with various biomolecules includinga-catenin in the host cell. The binding of EspB to a-catenin is thought be involved in actin reorganization during bacterial infection, although the precise mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear.

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Triacylglycerol metabolism inSaccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed quan-titatively using a systems biological approach. Cellular growth, glucose uptake and ethanol secretion were measured as a function of time and used as input for a dynamic flux-balance model.

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Enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenicEscherichia coliproduce various effector proteins that are directly injected into the host-cell cytosol through the type III secretion system. E. colisecreted protein (Esp)B is one such effector protein, and affects host-cell morphology by reorganizing actin net-works.

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EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) and enteropathogenic Escheri-chia coli (EPEC) are attaching⁄effacing pathogens that possess a type III secretion system and deliver a variety of effectors into host cells for suc-cessful infection. EHEC produces at least 20 effector families with various functions.

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Peptidomics is a powerful set of tools for the identification, structural eluci-dation and discovery of novel regulatory peptides and for monitoring the degradation pathways of structurally and catalytically important proteins. Amphibian skin secretions, arising from specialized granular glands, often contain complex peptidomes containing many components of entirely novel structure and unique site-substituted analogues of known peptide families.

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Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene-pathogenicity island (cagPAI) is responsible for the secretion of the CagA effector through a type IV secretion system (T4SS) apparatus, as well as of peptidoglycan and possibly other not yet identified factors.

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Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are macromolecular assemblies used by bacteria to transport material across their membranes. T4SS are generally composed of a set of twelve proteins (VirB1–11 and VirD4). This repre-sents a dynamic machine powered by three ATPases.

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