The interface structure

In the present study, we have made an attempt to prepare complexed PVA-PVP-KNO3-BaTiO3 blend composite polymer electrolyte membranes composed of potassium nitrate (KNO3) as salt and BaTiO3 of various concentrations as filler and studied their properties. The advantages of addition the fillers are the increase in ionic conductivity at room temperatures and the improvement of the stability at the interface with electrodes.

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In this method, the internal DOFs are separated from the boundary DOFs, and decomposed onto a basis of static modes, and a basis of fixed interface modes [Craig et Bampton, 1968]. The use of a reduced basis for the fixed interface modes makes it possible to reduce the size of the system to be solved, and therefore to save the computational time compared to a classical finite element computation involving the complete system.

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This is mainly due to the appearance of a rod like structure on neat PS which has improved the dispersion as well as provides a higher interface area that enhanced the UV-absorption efficiency of the PS matrix. This analysis is equally supported by the PALS study where the free volume was closely associated with the interfacial interaction between the filler and the PS matrix.

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In this lecture we learned about: Separation of interface and implementation, objects are declared as primitive type, the destructor operator, copy constructor, default constructor.

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Portland cement concrete (PCC) / asphalt concrete (AC) bonded components are seen in both conventional pavement structures as well as overlays. Due to the environmental and traffic loads, cracks occur at the interface of the PCC and AC layers and finally, may propagate through the interface or one of the layers.

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The aim of the present research is to study how the interface structure is affected by FSW parameters and how the formation of interface structure affects fracture of Al-Steel and Al-Ti FSL welds.

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In this chapter, the following content will be discussed: Operating system services, user operating system interface, system calls, types of system calls, system programs, operating system design and implementation, operating system structure, operating system debugging, operating system generation, system boot.

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Data abstraction refers to, providing only essential information to the outside word and hiding their background details ie. to represent the needed information in program without presenting the details. Data abstraction is a programming (and design) technique that relies on the separation of interface and implementation.

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The unit in procedural programming is function, and unit in object-oriented programming is class Procedural programming concentrates on creating functions, while object-oriented programming starts from isolating the classes, and then look for the methods inside them. Procedural programming separates the data of the program from the operations that manipulate the data, while object-oriented programming focus on both of them

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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Inheritance - form of software reusability New classes created from existing ones Absorb attributes and behaviors, and add in their own Override methods - redefine inherited methods Subclass inherits from superclass Direct superclass - subclass explicitly inherits Indirect superclass - subclass inherits from two or more levels up the class hierarchy Polymorphism Write programs in a general fashion to handle a wide variety of classes Abstraction - seeing the big picture...

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Understanding the value propositions of J2EE Getting a big picture of J2EE architecture and platform Getting high-level exposure of APIs and Technologies that constitute J2EE You don't have to understand all the details Understanding why J2EE can be used for as a platform for development and deployment of web services

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A technique for developing a program in which the solution is expressed in terms of objects -- self- contained entities composed of data and operations on that data. Programmer thinks about and defines the attributes and behavior of objects. Often the objects are modeled after real-world entities. Very different approach than function-based programming (like C).

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The Java standard APIs are shown in HTML output at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/index.html. It’s generated from the documentation comments (doc comments). Documentation comments are special comments in the source code that are delimited by the /** ... */ delimiters. The JDK contains a tool named javadoc to generate HTML documentation from documentation comments in your source file. The javadoc utility extracts information for the following items Public classes and interfaces Public and protected methods Public and protected fields Packages...

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Manipulating URLs URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet. Sample structure of a URL. The resource name part may contain: host name, file

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All exceptions extend the class Throwable, which immediately splits into two branches: Error and Exception Error: internal errors and resource exhaustion inside the Java runtime system. Little you can do. Exception: splits further into two branches.

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A collection is a data structure – actually, an object – to hold other objects, which let you store and organize objects in useful ways for efficient access Check out the java.util package! Lots of interfaces and classes providing a general collection framework. Programmers may also provide implementations specific to their own requirements

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An interface is a way to describe what classes should do, without specifying how they should do it. It’s not a class but a set of requirements for classes that want to conform to the interface E.g. public interface Comparable { int compareTo(Object otherObject); } this requires that any class implementing the Comparable interface contains a compareTo method, and this method must take an Object parameter and return an integer

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Inheritance: you can create new classes that are built on existing classes. Through the way of inheritance, you can reuse the existing class’s methods and fields, and you can also add new methods and fields to adapt the new classes to new situations Subclass and superclass Subclass and superclass have a IsA relationship: an object of a subclass IsA(n) object of its superclass

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Body sun = new Body( ); An object is created by the new method The runtime system will allocate enough memory to store the new object If no enough space, the automatic garbage collector will reclaim space from other no longer used objects. If there is still no enough space, then an OutOfMemoryError exception will be thrown No need to delete explicitly

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Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Programming The unit in procedural programming is function, and unit in object-oriented programming is class Procedural programming concentrates on creating functions, while object-oriented programming starts from isolating the classes, and then look for the methods inside them. Procedural programming separates the data of the program from the operations that manipulate the data,

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